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Journal article
Phylogenetic trends in TZ staining analysis of six deep dormancy seeds.
The assessment of seed quality and physiological potential is essential in seed production and crop breeding. In the process of rapid detection of seed viability using tetrazolium (TZ) staining, it is necessary to spend a lot of labour and material resources to explore the pretreatment and staining methods of hard...Peng, Chen Yin ; Wu, Yu ; Huang, Wen Hui ; Deng, Zhi Yun ; Sun, Xiao Rui …
Fat content, Endospermic seeds, Hard seed, Exalbuminous seeds, Physical dormancy, and Phylogenetic relationship
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Journal article
Seed science and banking networks for plant conservation: the role of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Pritchard, Hugh W. ; Sacandé, Moctar ; Kranner, Ilse ; Seaton, Phil ; Ulian, Tiziana
Millennium Seed Bank Project, Plant conservation, Seed science, Seed banking, and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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Journal article
Aging-Induced Reduction in Safflower Seed Germination via Impaired Energy Metabolism and Genetic Integrity Is Partially Restored by Sucrose and DA-6 Treatment.
Seed storage underpins global agriculture and the seed trade and revealing the mechanisms of seed aging is essential for enhancing seed longevity management. Safflower is a multipurpose oil crop, rich in unsaturated fatty acids that are at high risk of peroxidation as a contributory factor to seed aging. However, the... -
Journal article
Effects of H2SO4, GA3, and Cold Stratification on the Water Content, Coat Composition, and Dormancy Release of Tilia miqueliana Seeds.
Wu, Yu ; Huang, Wen Hui ; Peng, Chen Yin ; Shen, Yong Bao ; Visscher, Anne M. …
Dormancy release, Water gap and channels, Seed coat components, Mechanical properties, and H2SO4-GA3 treatment
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Journal article
Comparative Seed Cryopreservation of Indonesian and New Zealand Epiphytic And Terrestrial Orchids.
The atypical seed storage behaviour reported in several orchid species justifies cryopreservation as a complementary conservation strategy to conventional seed banking. This study aimed to assess the seed cryopreservation potential of five orchid species; tropical epiphytic, Indonesian species (Dendrobium strebloceras, D. lineale), one temperate New Zealand species (D. cunninghamii) and... -
Journal article
The metagenomics of soil bacteria and fungi and the release of mechanical dormancy in hard seeds.
Persistence in the soil is a function of seed physiology, particularly non-germination and inherent lifespan. However, for seeds with mechanical dormancy, non-germination is also a function of the composition and activity of the soil microbiota. We attempted to screen out microorganisms in the soil that can specifically and rapidly decompose... -
Journal article
Conserving useful plants for a sustainable future: species coverage, spatial distribution, and conservation status within the Millennium Seed Bank collection.
A substantially rich diversity of the world’s recorded useful plants (UPs) is captured within the Millennium Seed Bank collection hosted by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, at Wakehurst, UK with 13,598 species (34%) belonging to 3696 genera and 325 families. This constitutes just over half of the total accessions and... -
Journal article
Intra-Specific Variation in Desiccation Tolerance of Citrus sinensis ‘bingtangcheng’ (L.) Seeds under Different Environmental Conditions in China.
Intra-specific variation in seed storage behaviour observed in several species has been related to different maternal environments. However, the particular environmental conditions and molecular processes involved in intra-specific variation of desiccation tolerance remain unclear. We chose Citrus sinensis ‘bingtangcheng’ for the present study due to its known variability in desiccation... -
Journal article
Seed Longevity—The Evolution of Knowledge and a Conceptual Framework.
The lifespan or longevity of a seed is the time period over which it can remain viable. Seed longevity is a complex trait and varies greatly between species and even seed lots of the same species. Our scientific understanding of seed longevity has advanced from anecdotal ‘Thumb Rules,’ to empirically...Nadarajan, Jayanthi ; Walters, Christina ; Pritchard, Hugh W. ; Ballesteros, Daniel ; Colville, Louise
Cryopreservation, Seed longevity, Glassy state, Cryobiotechnology, and Seed ageing
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Journal article
Seed dormancy concepts in orchids: Dendrobium cruentum as a model species.
Generally, orchids produce dust-like seeds in which endosperm reduction and embryo undifferentiation represent a derived state shared with species in about 11 other plant families. Orchid seeds are proposed to have a special kind of morphological or morphophysiological dormancy. We test this proposition, overcoming several design limitations of earlier studies,...Prasongsom, Sasikarn ; Thammasiri, Kanchit ; Pritchard, Hugh W.
Embryo volume, Dendrobium, Temperature, Germination, Nitrate, DUST seeds, Dormancy, and Dendrobium orchid
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Journal article
(Epi)genetic control of secondary seed dormancy depth and germination in Capsella bursa-pastoris.
Despite the importance of secondary dormancy for plant life cycle timing and survival, there is insufficient knowledge about the (epigenetic) regulation of this trait at the molecular level. Our aim was to determine the role of (epi)genetic processes in the regulation of secondary seed dormancy using natural genotypes of the... -
Journal article
Comparative changes in sugars and lipids show evidence of a critical node for regeneration in safflower seeds during aging.
During seed aging, there is a critical node (CN) where the population viability drops sharply. Exploring the specific locations of the CN in different species of plants is crucial for understanding the biological storage properties of seeds and refining seed life span management. Safflower, a bulk oil crop that relies...Zhou, Lanyu ; Lu, Lijie ; Chen, Chao ; Zhou, Tao ; Wu, Qinghua …
Critical node, Safflower seeds, Carthamus tinctorius, Controlled deterioration treatment (CDT), Sugar, Regeneration, and Lipid
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Journal article
Mechanistic insights derived from re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in germinating xerophytic seeds: Caragana korshinskii as an example.
Germplasm conservation strongly depends on the desiccation tolerance (DT) of seeds. Xerophytic seeds have strong desiccation resistance, which makes them excellent models to study DT. Although some experimental strategies have been applied previously, most methods are difficult to apply to xerophytic seeds. In this review, we attempted to synthesize current...Peng, Long ; Huang, Xu ; Qi, Manyao ; Pritchard, Hugh W. ; Xue, Hua
Xerophytic woody species, Desiccation tolerance, Caragana korshinskii, Germplasm conservation, and Seed
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Journal article
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of light on Cereus repandus (Cactaceae) seed germination are strongly dependent on spectral quality.
In small seeds, light often promotes germination and longer-term exposure to darkness reduces light sensitivity. In cacti inhabiting harsh environments, a rapid response to light exposure is potentially advantageous for seedling establishment. We exposed dark-imbibed seeds of the cactus to doses of red (RED) light and far-red (FR) light. The...Yang, X-Y. ; Pritchard, Hugh W.
Seed traits, Cereus repandus, R–FR light reversibility, Dark-induced dormancy, Light dose, Neglected and underutilized species, and Seed germination
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Journal article
Thermal buffering capacity of the germination phenotype across the environmental envelope of the Cactaceae.
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Journal article
Plant reproductive traits in old and recently-restored temperate forest understories.
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Journal article
Behind the forest restoration scene: a socio-economic, technical-scientific and political snapshot in Amazonas, Brazil.
ABSTRACT Conservation of the Amazon rainforest is a global concern and is supported by the Brazilian government’s ratification of the Bonn Challenge and Paris Agreement and the introduction of national regulations on vegetation protection and restoration. Amazonas is the largest and least deforested of the states occupied by the Brazilian... -
Journal article
Physiological seed dormancy of Ruschia imbricata and Ruschia uitenhagensis (Aizoaceae) is broken by dry heat and unaffected by seasonality.
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Journal article
On the origin of giant seeds: the macroevolution of the double coconut (Lodoicea maldivica) and its relatives (Borasseae, Arecaceae).
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Journal article
Comparative in vitro seed germination and seedling development in tropical and temperate epiphytic and temperate terrestrial orchids
Ex situ conservation of orchid seeds requires the application of modern biotechnology to determine seed quality and to optimise in vitro regeneration. The nutrient requirements for germination and seedling growth in vitro can be species-specific and influenced by life history traits and habitats. Therefore, this study aimed to explore in... -
Journal article
Seed Survival at Low Temperatures: A Potential Selecting Factor Influencing Community Level Changes in High Altitudes under Climate Change
In alpine ecosystems, imbibed seeds are often exposed to temperatures as low as −35 °C, challenging their survival in the soil. Here, we show that seeds have mechanisms to survive cold climate prevalent in alpine ecosystems and have identified three such mechanisms from existing literature, including two forms of freezing avoidance...Jaganathan, Ganesh K. ; Dalrymple, Sarah E. ; Pritchard, Hugh W.
Boreal, supercooling, freezing tolerance, freezing avoidance, and species migration
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Journal article
The Cryobiotechnology of Oaks: An Integration of Approaches for the Long-Term Ex Situ Conservation of Quercus Species
Conventional dry seed storage is unlikely for about one third of all tree species (and nearly half of evergreen rain forest trees) as they probably produce desiccation sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. Consequently, international ex situ conservation targets for threatened trees will be difficult to achieve without innovation, especially in cryobiotechnology. We...Ballesteros, Daniel ; Pritchard, Hugh W.
recalcitrant seeds, cryopreservation, pollen, embryonic axes, DOE, tree genetic resources, shoot tips, in vitro culture, and dormant buds
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Journal article
Thermal niche for germination and early seedling establishment at the leading edge of two pine species, under a changing climate
Pines are the most popular species for reforestation in Mexico, however reforestation programs have little success due to a high mortality of pine seedlings. Shifts in the distribution range due to climate change has been predicted for many species specially at their distribution borders. Understanding the thermal limits of germination... -
Journal article
Differential Interpretation of Mountain Temperatures by Endospermic Seeds of Three Endemic Species Impacts the Timing of In Situ Germination
Predicting seed germination in the field is a critical part of anticipating the impact of climate change on the timing of wild species regeneration. We combined thermal time and soil heat sum models of seed germination for three endemic Mediterranean mountain species with endospermic seeds and morphophysiological dormancy: Aquilegia barbaricina,... -
Journal article
Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture.
Societal Impact Statement Biodiversity is essential to food security and nutrition locally and globally. By reviewing the global state of edible plants and highlighting key neglected and underutilized species (NUS), we attempt to unlock plant food resources and explore the role of fungi, which along with the wealth of traditional... -
Journal article
Dry architecture: towards the understanding of the variation of longevity in desiccation-tolerant germplasm
Desiccation-tolerant (DT) plant germplasm (i.e. seeds, pollen and spores) survive drying to low moisture contents, when cytoplasm solidifies, forming a glass, and chemical reactions are slowed. DT germplasm may survive for long periods in this state, though inter-specific and intra-specific variation occurs and is not currently explained. Such variability has...Ballesteros, Daniel ; Pritchard, Hugh W. ; Walters, Christina
solidified cytoplasm, seeds, oxidative stress, photosynthetic stress, spores, and lipid crystallization
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Journal article
The negative effect of a vertically-transmitted fungal endophyte on seed longevity is stronger than that of ozone transgenerational effect
Seed morphology underpins many critical biological and ecological processes, such as seed dormancy and germination, dispersal, and persistence. It is also a valuable taxonomic trait that can provide information about plant evolution and adaptations to different ecological niches. This study characterised and compared various seed morphological traits, i.e., seed and...Dantas, Barbara F. ; Moura, Magna S. B. ; Gundel, Pedro E. ; McGill, Craig ; Seal, Charlotte E. …
Maternal effect, Lolium multiflorum, Italian ryegrass, and Epichloë occultans
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Journal article
Storage of orchid pollinia with varying lipid thermal fingerprints
Orchid pollinia have the potential to make a valuable contribution to current techniques of germplasm storage and assisted reproduction, yet information regarding their preservation and their ability to remain viable over time is currently limited. Dactylorhiza fuchsii and Disa uniflora were used as models for investigating potential techniques for storing...Custodio, Ceci Castilho ; Machado-Neto, Nelson B. ; Singer, Rodrigo B. ; Pritchard, Hugh W. ; Seaton, Philip T. …
Orchidaceae, Conservation , Germplasm, and Pollen germination
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Journal article
Lack of adequate seed supply is a major bottleneck for effective ecosystem restoration in Chile: friendly amendment to Bannister et al. (2018)
We argue that the need for a quality seed supply chain is a major bottleneck for the restoration of Chile's native ecosystems, thus supplementing the list of bottlenecks proposed by Bannister et al. in 2018. Specifically, there is a need for defining seed transfer zones, developing standards and capacities for...León‐Lobos, Pedro ; Bustamante‐Sánchez, Marcela A. ; Nelson, Cara R. ; Alarcón, Diego ; Hasbún, Rodrigo …
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Journal article
Comparative Seed Morphology of Tropical and Temperate Orchid Species with Different Growth Habits
Seed morphology underpins many critical biological and ecological processes, such as seed dormancy and germination, dispersal, and persistence. It is also a valuable taxonomic trait that can provide information about plant evolution and adaptations to different ecological niches. This study characterised and compared various seed morphological traits, i.e., seed and...Diantina, Surya ; McGill, Craig ; Millner, James ; Nadarajan, Jayanthi ; Pritchard, Hugh W. …
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Journal article
Rainfall, not soil temperature, will limit the seed germination of dry forest species with climate change
Drylands are predicted to become more arid and saline due to increasing global temperature and drought. Although species from the Caatinga, a Brazilian tropical dry forest, are tolerant to these conditions, the capacity for germination to withstand extreme soil temperature and water deficit associated with climate change remains to be... -
Journal article
Lipid Thermal Fingerprints of Long-term Stored Seeds of Brassicaceae
Thermal fingerprints for seeds of 20 crop wild relatives of Brassicaceae stored for 8 to 44 years at the Plant Germplasm Bank—Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank—were generated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and analyzed in relation to storage stability. Relatively poor storing... -
Journal article
Assessing seed desiccation responses of native trees in the Caribbean
Native trees from the Caribbean were tested for seed desiccation responses, by adapting the “100-seed test” protocol. Ninety-seven seed lots of 91 species were collected in the Dominican Republic and tested for germination immediately after collecting, and after drying and moist storage. Seed desiccation sensitivity was assessed as a continuous...