Thermal risk of seed germination of plant populations and implications for climate‐smart ecological restoration.

For the investigated species, from a germination perspective, sourcing seeds from within the United Kingdom is likely to provide climate-ready material. Species and populations with high thermal risk should be prioritized for climate-smart sourcing, ensuring that both germination ecology and genetic constraints are addressed. For Daucus carota, genetic mixing of seed material should be avoided even among populations of the same taxonomically recognized subspecies. For Rhinanthus minor, interventions should be limited to areas where present and projected climates support successful germination, while appropriate site management and time of sowing maximizing exposure to cold stratification can support population persistence.