Genome of Pythium myriotylum Uncovers an Extensive Arsenal of Virulence-Related Genes among the Broad-Host-Range Necrotrophic Pythium Plant Pathogens.
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Resource type
Journal article
Creator (person)
Daly, Paul
Zhou, Dongmei
Shen, Danyu
Chen, Yifan
Xue, Taiqiang
Chen, Siqiao
Zhang, Qimeng
Zhang, Jinfeng
McGowan, Jamie
Cai, Feng
Pang, Guan
Wang, Nan
Sheikh, Taha Majid Mahmood
Deng, Sheng
Li, Jingjing
Soykam, Hüseyin Okan
Kara, Irem
Fitzpatrick, David A.
Druzhinina, Irina S.
Bayram Akcapinar, Günseli
Wei, Lihui
Date published
August 31, 2022
Abstract
species are oomycetes, an evolutionarily distinct group of filamentous fungus-like stramenopiles. The genus includes several pathogens of important crop species, e.g., the spice ginger.
The (Peronosporales, Oomycota) genus includes devastating plant pathogens that cause widespread diseases and severe crop losses. Here, we have uncovered a far greater arsenal of virulence factor-related genes in the necrotrophic than in other plant pathogens. The genome of a plant-virulent strain (~70 Mb and 19,878 genes) isolated from a diseased rhizome of ginger ( ) encodes the largest repertoire of putative effectors, proteases, and plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) among the studied species. has twice as many predicted secreted proteins than any other plant pathogen. Arrays of tandem duplications appear to be a key factor of the enrichment of the virulence factor-related genes in . The transcriptomic analysis performed on two isolates infecting ginger leaves showed that proteases were a major part of the upregulated genes along with PCWDEs, Nep1-like proteins (NLPs), and elicitin-like proteins. A subset of NLPs were analyzed and found to have necrosis-inducing ability from agroinfiltration of tobacco ( ) leaves. One of the heterologously produced infection-upregulated putative cutinases found in a tandem array showed esterase activity with preferences for longer-chain-length substrates and neutral to alkaline pH levels. Our results allow the development of science-based targets for the management of -caused disease, as insights from the genome and transcriptome show that gene expansion of virulence factor-related genes play a bigger role in the plant parasitism of spp. than previously thought.
species are oomycetes, an evolutionarily distinct group of filamentous fungus-like stramenopiles. The genus includes several pathogens of important crop species, e.g., the spice ginger. Analysis of our genome from the plant pathogen uncovered a far larger arsenal of virulence factor-related genes than found in other plant pathogens, and these genes contribute to the infection of the plant host. The increase in the number of virulence factor-related genes appears to have occurred through the mechanism of tandem gene duplication events. Genes from particular virulence factor-related categories that were increased in number and switched on during infection of ginger leaves had their activities tested. These genes have toxic activities toward plant cells or activities to hydrolyze polymeric components of the plant. The research suggests targets to better manage diseases caused by and prompts renewed attention to the genomics of plant pathogens.
Contributor (person)
Burbank, Lindsey Price
Project(s)
Priority 4: Accelerated Taxonomy
Priority 2: Trait Diversity and Function
Funder
| Funder name | Awards |
National Natural Science Foundation of China | 32050410305 |
China Agricultural Research System | CARS-24-C-01 |
Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund | CX(18)2005 |
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation | 2020M671388 |
Journal title
Microbiology Spectrum
Volume
10
Issue
4
Article number
e02268-21
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Place of publication
Washington, D.C., US
eISSN
2165-0497
Date accepted
June 30, 2022
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In Copyright
Additional information
IF = 7.171 (2021-2022)