Boliviadendron, a new segregate genus of mimosoid legume (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade) narrowly endemic to the interior Andean valleys of Bolivia.

Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data sampling all species of alongside representatives of genera of the Inga and Albizia clades of the larger ingoid clade of mimosoid legumes (sensu Koenen et al. 2020) confirm the non-monophyly of the genus . We show that is placed in the Albizia clade, while the remaining four species of are placed in the Inga clade, in line with previous results. To rectify this non-monophyly, is segregated as the new genus, , with a single species, , narrowly endemic to the interior Andean valleys of Bolivia. We illustrate this new segregate genus, present a map of its distribution and discuss the striking lack of morphological distinctions between and , as well as the phylogenetic and morphological affinities of to the genera and .