Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity.

How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes. Water–energy balance defines fungal alpha diversity, while energy variability links phylogenetic, beta, and gamma diversity.

Project(s)

Priority 4: Accelerated Taxonomy

Priority 2: Trait Diversity and Function

Priority 1: Ecosystem Stewardship

Funder

Funder name	Awards
Eesti Teadusfondi, Estonia	PRG632 - MOBTP198
Eesti Teadusagentuur, Estonia	PRG1615 - PRG1170 - PRG1789 - PRG1065 - PSG825 - PUT1170 - PRG352
Novo Nordisk Fonden, Denmark	NNF20OC0059948
Norway-Baltic Financial Mechanism, Norway	EMP442
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia	DFSP-2020-2 - Highly Cited Program
European Regional Development Fund, European Union	Centre of Excellence EcolChange TK131 - 1.1.1.2/VIAA/2/18/298
British Ecological Society, United Kingdom	LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain	PID2020-115813RA-I00 - SOIL4GROWTH - EUR2022-134048
HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union	702057 (CLIMIFUN)
European Research Council, European Union	Grant 647038 [BIODESERT] - 101096403 (MLTOM23415R) - Synergy Grant 856506—LIFEPLAN
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Germany	01DG20015FunTrAf
Proyecto SIA, Chile	SA77210019 (ANID—Chile)
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, Chile	1190642 (ANID—Chile)
Academy of Finland, Finland	Grant 322266
National Science Foundation, United States	DEB-0918591 - DEB-1556338 - DEB 1737898
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico	UNAM-PAPIIT: IV200223
Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Czechia	21-26883S
NERC Environmental Bioinformatics Centre, United Kingdom	BAS Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation Team - NERC-CONICYT: NE/P003079/1
Carlsbergfondet, Denmark	CF18-0267
Qatar Petroleum, Qatar	QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Russia	075-15-2021-1396
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
Yunnan Province, China	High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province 2021: “High-End Foreign Experts” - The High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Provinces: “Young Talents” Program
United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates	AUA grant: G00003654
Universiteit Gent, Belgium	Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds - Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds (BOF-PDO-2017-001201) - The Faculty Committee Scientific Research, FCWO
King Leopold III Fund for Nature Exploration and Conservation, Belgium
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Belgium
Herbert Smith Freehills, United Kingdom	IRIS Scholarship
Eesti Maaülikool, Estonia	P190250PKKH
Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Hungary	Lendület Programme (96049)
Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Hungary
Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana
Higher Education Commision, Pakistan, Pakistan	Indigenous and International research support initiative program (IRSIP) scholarship