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  5. Hardwoods: Anatomy and Functionality of Their Elements—A Short Review.

Hardwoods: Anatomy and Functionality of Their Elements—A Short Review.

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Resource type
Journal article
Creator (person)
Esteban, Luis G.
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de Palacios, Paloma
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Gasson, Peter
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García-Iruela, Alberto
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García-Fernández, Francisco
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García-Esteban, Lydia
Date published
July 4, 2024
Abstract
Hardwoods are complex heterogeneous and orthotropic structures that have evolved to the present day, adapting to successive climate episodes to prosper on Earth. Attributing a specific functionality to individual hardwood elements is difficult because of their interconnection in this heterogeneous three-dimensional network. However, tree physiology research is helping to enhance knowledge in this field. This work is a short review of the possible functionalities of hardwood elements, in some cases supported by experimentation and in others by comparative anatomy. It is intended for students or researchers starting out in the world of hardwood anatomy to aid their understanding of the functionality of hardwood elements.
Journal title
Forests
Volume
15
Article number
1162
Publisher
MDPI AG
Place of publication
Basel, Switzerland
eISSN
1999-4907
Date accepted
June 28, 2024
Official URL
https://doi.org/10.3390/f15071162
Related URL
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/7/1162
Rights statement
In Copyright
Licence
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
DOI
10.3390/f15071162
Keywords
Rays
Vessels
Parenchyma
Hardwoods
Functionality
Wood anatomy
Fibres
Additional information
IF = 3.282 (2023-2024)
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