Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts.

Abstract. As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions, and feedbacks in complex human–water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises (1) detailed review-style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; (2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterize management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and impacts of all events; and (3) a table of the indicators of change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators of change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses, e.g. focused on causal links between risk management; changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability; and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration, and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2023.001).

Project(s)

Global Water Futures program

C3RiskMed research project

“PerfectSTORM: Storylines of future extremes”

MYRIAD-EU project

“HydroSocialExtremes: Uncovering the Mutual Shaping of Hydrological Extremes and Society”

Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project

Funder

Funder name	Awards
European Research Council, European Union	ERC Consolidator Grant, grant no. 771678 - ERC-2020-StG 948601
Centrum för naturkatastrofslära, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Germany	Alexander von Humboldt Professorship
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, Turkey
National Foundation for Science and Technology Development, Vietnam	Grant no. 105.06-2019.20 - Grant no. 105.06-2021.14
National Natural Science Foundation of China, China	Grant no. 41730645 - Grant no. 41790424 - Grant no. 92047301
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Netherlands	VIDI; grant no. 016.161.324 - Project no. VI.Vidi.193.019
Horizon 2020, European Union	Grant agreement no. 101003276
Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, United States
HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union	Grant agreement no. 787419
Murdoch University, Australia
Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom	Grant no. NE/S013210/1
UK Research and Innovation, United Kingdom	Future Leaders Fellowship award 9MR/V022857/10
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain	C3RiskMed research project (Grant PID2020-113638RB-C22)
Natural Resources California Institute for Water Resources
Royal Society, United Kingdom	Wolfson Research Merit Award (WM170042)
University of Saskatchewan, Canada	Global Water Futures program
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, Germany	"Research Grants – Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees/Cotutelle” Program
Fulbright Association, United States	Fulbright Academic Research Scholarship
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Turkey	Project no. MUA-2019-42094
Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas, Sweden
U.S. Geological Survey, United States	Grant no. G21AP10611-00
California State University, United States	Water Resources and Policy Initiatives grant
Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat, Netherlands	Deltares research program on water resources
Integrated Modelling Program for Canada
Government of the Netherlands / Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, Vietnam	NUFFIC/NICHE VNM 104 project
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research.	Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project