The genus Entoloma (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe: new taxa and amended species concepts in a phylogenetic context; neo-, lecto- and epitypifications of classical names.

The taxonomy and phylogeny of several clades of the genus Entoloma were revised using morphological and molecular genetic methods. Phylogenetic relationships among European species of the clades /Alboleptonia, /Caeruleopolitum, /Claudopus, /Griseorubidum, /Leptonia, /Olivaceotinctum, /Omphaliopsis, /Pouzarella, /Prunuloides, /Sphagneti, /Turfosa, /Undulatosporum, /Velenovskyi, and /Vinaceum were inferred using 694 newly generated sequences derived from the nrDNA ITS region including 80 sequences from type specimens. Anticipating the second volume of a completely revised monograph of the genus Entoloma in Europe, the following names are neotypified or epitypes are designated where, in case holotypes or lectotypes appeared unsuitable for molecular studies, viz. E. araneosum, E. byssisedum, E. griseorubidum, E. hirtum, E. lanicum, E. neglectum, E. ollare, E. opacum, E. plebejum, E. resutum, E. rusticoides, E. sericellum, E. triste, E. undatum, E. velenovskyi, and E. versatile. New type sequences for E. alliodorum, E. asperum, E. brunneoflocculosum, E. caeruleopolitum, E. calaminare, E. canosericeum, E. cettoi, E. cuboidoalbum, E. indutoides, E. iodiolens, E. jahnii, E. milleri, E. moguntinum, E. olivaceotinctum, E. ostreatum, E. politoflavipes, E. polyangulatum, E. pseudoconferendum, E. pseudonigellum, E. pseudosericeoides, E. ritae, E. sericeoides, E. sordidolamellatum, and E. undulatosporum have been generated and deposited in GenBank. Twenty-nine species new to science are described and illustrated, viz. E. albostriatum, E. amabile, E. assimile, E. bresadolae, E. brunneostrigosum, E. chloridicolor, E. cassiopeia, E. chioneum, E. cognatum, E. cornatum, E. eborinum, E. ermineum, E. fraudans, E. fusconigrum, E. griseopulchrum, E. hirsutum, E. ludwigii, E. nanoalbum, E. nix, E. olivaceovirens, E. ostreatum, E. paraindutoides, E. peraraneosum, E. pilosum, E. pumilionis, E. skadiae, E. umbrinotinctum, E. vilae, and E. weiriorum, and Entoloma sect. Atricoloria is described as new to science. The name E. myochroum is validated and the replacement name E. cobaltichlorum is proposed. Morphological and molecular studies made it necessary to provide new, amended descriptions for E. alliodorum, E. anthracinum, E. araneosum, E. brunneoflocculosum, E. byssisedum, E. calaminare, E. canosericeum, E. dysthaloides, E. griseorubidum, E. flocculosum, E. indutoides, E. inopiliforme, E. hirtum, E. lanicum, E. lidbergii, E. milleri, E. myochroum, E. neglectum, E. olivaceotinctum, E. ollare, E. opacum, E. plebejum, E. polyangulatum, E. pseudonigellum, E. pseudoparasiticum, E. pseudosericeoides, E. pseudoturbidum, E. resutum, E. rusticoides, E. sericellum, E. sericeoides, E. sordidolamellatum, E. triste, E. undatum, E. undulatosporum, E. velenovskyi, and E. versatile.