A taxonomic revision of the ecologically important Ochna holstii (Ochnaceae) complex using molecular and morphological data.

– and its allies represent an ecologically important group in a variety of lowland to montane habitats in tropical eastern and southern Africa. Identifying and delimiting species within this group has proved challenging due to a lack of variation in morphological characters. We combine genomic-scale data of multiple accessions per species with morphological data to generate a taxonomic revision for the complex using a multi-evidence approach. – A total of 50 samples representing eight species were analysed using target enrichment and a custom bait kit. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the multi-species coalescent model and a concatenation maximum likelihood method, and gene tree discordance was investigated. Herbarium specimens of the complex were studied in detail for informative morphological characters, supplemented where possible from field collections, and a full taxonomic revision is provided. – Within Ochna sect. Schizanthera Clade I, our study confirms that all species are monophyletic and supported by morphological data with the exception of , which is paraphyletic. A new species, , previously confused with , is described, and the placement of another recently described species, , is confirmed for the first time using molecular data. – The widespread montane tree is non-monophyletic in its current circumscription and likely gave rise to the more range-restricted and We suggest that an integrated taxonomy approach, using both molecular and morphological data, is essential for deciphering difficult species relationships in .