Molecular Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) Corroborates the Mid-Miocene Origins of Neotropical Savannas.
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diversity-16-00488.pdf
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4.48 MB
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Resource type
Journal article
Date published
August 10, 2024
Abstract
We present a dated and calibrated molecular phylogeny for one of the most characteristic genera of Neotropical savannas, Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae), based on the ETS, ITS, and psbA-trnH markers. We sampled 33 species of Byrsonima and four species of the outgroups Blepharandra, Diacidia, and Pterandra to test the monophyly of the infrageneric classification of the genus. Bayesian inference (BI) analysis was performed for the combined molecular dataset. Seven morphological characters were optimized on the obtained tree. Calibration points derived from a published chronogram for Malpighiaceae were used alongside a relaxed, uncorrelated molecular clock on Beast 1.8.4. Ancestral range reconstructions focusing on four main Neotropical biomes (Cerrado, Atlantic rainforest, Amazon rainforest, and Caatinga dry forests) were performed on BioGeoBEARS. Our phylogenetic results corroborated the monophyly of Byrsonima, but all of its subgenera and sections were polyphyletic, with all morphological characters circumscribing these infrageneric ranks being highly homoplastic. The most recent common ancestor of Byrsonima was widespread in South American biomes at 11.41 Ma, posteriorly diversifying in the Amazon rainforests up to 7.72 Ma, when it started massively diversifying in Neotropical savannas. A few re-colonization events from savannas to rain or dry forests occurred from 2.95–0.53 Ma. These results corroborate the mid-Miocene origins of Neotropical savannas, and future studies should aim to sample Mesoamerican species of Byrsonima.
Project(s)
Priority 4: Accelerated Taxonomy
Funder
| Funder name | Awards |
Programa de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Regional, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás, Brazil | #317720/2021-0 - #202110267000867 |
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia, Brazil | |
Reflora Malpighiales Project, Brazil | #563548/2010–0 |
Universal Project | #486079/2013–9 |
Journal title
Diversity
Volume
16
Issue
8
Article number
488
Publisher
MDPI AG
Place of publication
Basel, Switzerland
eISSN
1424-2818
Date accepted
August 8, 2024
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Rights statement
In Copyright
Additional information
IF = 3.031 (2023-2024)