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Journal article
Evolutionary diversity in tropical tree communities peaks at intermediate precipitation
Global patterns of species and evolutionary diversity in plants are primarily determined by a temperature gradient, but precipitation gradients may be more important within the tropics, where plant species richness is positively associated with the amount of rainfall. The impact of precipitation on the distribution of evolutionary diversity, however, is...Neves, Danilo M. ; Dexter, Kyle G. ; Baker, Timothy R. ; Coelho de Souza, Fernanda ; Oliveira-Filho, Ary T. …
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Journal article
The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well... -
Journal article
A taxonomic monograph of Ipomoea integrated across phylogenetic scales
Taxonomic monographs have the potential to make a unique contribution to the understanding of global biodiversity. However, such studies, now rare, are often considered too daunting to undertake within a realistic time frame, especially as the world’s collections have doubled in size in recent times. Here, we report a global-scale...Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo ; Carruthers, Tom ; Wood, John R. I. ; Williams, Bethany R. M. ; Weitemier, Kevin …
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Journal article
Lepiniopsis ternatensis sap stimulates fibroblast proliferation and down regulates macrophage TNF-α secretion
The sap of the tree Lepiniopsis ternatensis is used as a topical treatment for cutaneous leg ulcers in Papua New Guinea. This study, which is the first investigation of this medicinal plant, examines the effect of the sap on wound healing biology using human-derived primary cell lines. NMR spectra from...Moses, Rachael L. ; Dally, Jordanna ; Lundy, Fionnuala T. ; Langat, Moses K. ; Kiapranis, Robert …
fibroblast, Lepiniopsis ternatensis, trifucol, TNF-α, Papua New Guinea, and wound healing
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Journal article
Additive Effect of Botanical Insecticide and Entomopathogenic Fungi on Pest Mortality and the Behavioral Response of Its Natural Enemy
Sustainable agricultural intensification employs alternatives to synthetic insecticides for pest management, but these are not always a direct replacement. Botanical insecticides, for example, have rapid knockdown but are highly labile and while biological pesticides are more persistent, they are slow acting. To mitigate these shortcomings, we combined the entomopathogenic fungus... -
Journal article
High-quality genome sequence of white lupin provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an annual crop cultivated for its protein-rich seeds. It is adapted to poor soils due to the production of cluster roots, which are made of dozens of determinate lateral roots that drastically improve soil exploration and nutrient acquisition (mostly phosphate). Using long-read sequencing technologies,...Hufnagel, Bárbara ; Marques, André ; Soriano, Alexandre ; Marquès, Laurence ; Divol, Fanchon …
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Journal article
Iterative allogamy–autogamy transitions drive actual and incipient speciation during the ongoing evolutionary radiation within the orchid genus Epipactis (Orchidaceae)
Abstract Background and Aims The terrestrial orchid genus Epipactis has become a model system for the study of speciation via transitions from allogamy to autogamy, but close phylogenetic relationships have proven difficult to resolve through Sanger sequencing. Methods We analysed with restriction site-associated sequencing (RAD-seq) 108 plants representing 29 named...Sramkó, Gábor ; Paun, Ovidiu ; Brandrud, Marie K ; Laczkó, Levente ; Molnár, Attila …
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Journal article
Next-Generation Dactylorchids
Bateman, Richard M.
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Journal article
Evolution and networks in ancient and widespread symbioses between Mucoromycotina and liverworts
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Journal article
Opportunities and Scope for Botanical Extracts and Products for the Management of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) for Smallholders in Africa.
Fall Armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous and highly destructive pest of many crops. It was recently introduced into Africa and now represents a serious threat to food security, particularly because of yield losses in maize, which is the staple food for the majority of small-scale farmers in Africa....Rioba, Naomi B. ; Stevenson, Philip C.
Biopesticides, Botanicals, Fall Armyworm, Prospects, Zea mays, Corn, Pests, Africa, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Insects
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Journal article
The British species of Otidea (3): taxa present in Britain
An account of British species and taxa of Otidea is presented based on morphology and molecular data obtained from the fungarium collections, at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) and elsewhere. Based on a phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the fungal nuclear rDNA, sixteen named and...Parslow, Mariko ; Suz, Laura M. ; Spooner, Brian
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Journal article
A new genus and species of foliicolous lichen in a new family of Strigulales (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes) reveals remarkable class-level homoplasy
Phylogenetic analysis of some foliicolous lichens collected in Hainan Province, China, revealed a new lineage morphologically similar to Porina but phylogenetically related to Strigulaceae (Dothideomycetes), differing from the latter in ascus type. The monospecific genus Tenuitholiascus gen. nov. is introduced for the single species, T. porinoides sp. nov., which is...Jiang, Shu Hua ; Hawksworth, David L. ; Lücking, Robert ; Wei, Jiang Chun
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Journal article
Comparative Seed Morphology of Tropical and Temperate Orchid Species with Different Growth Habits
Seed morphology underpins many critical biological and ecological processes, such as seed dormancy and germination, dispersal, and persistence. It is also a valuable taxonomic trait that can provide information about plant evolution and adaptations to different ecological niches. This study characterised and compared various seed morphological traits, i.e., seed and...Diantina, Surya ; McGill, Craig ; Millner, James ; Nadarajan, Jayanthi ; Pritchard, Hugh W. …
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Journal article
Lack of adequate seed supply is a major bottleneck for effective ecosystem restoration in Chile: friendly amendment to Bannister et al. (2018)
We argue that the need for a quality seed supply chain is a major bottleneck for the restoration of Chile's native ecosystems, thus supplementing the list of bottlenecks proposed by Bannister et al. in 2018. Specifically, there is a need for defining seed transfer zones, developing standards and capacities for...León‐Lobos, Pedro ; Bustamante‐Sánchez, Marcela A. ; Nelson, Cara R. ; Alarcón, Diego ; Hasbún, Rodrigo …
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Journal article
ddRAD analyses reveal a credible phylogenetic relationship of the four main genera of Bambusa-Dendrocalamus-Gigantochloa complex (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
The Bambusa-Dendrocalamus-Gigantochloa complex (BDG complex) is the most diversified and phylogenetically recalcitrant group of the paleotropical woody bamboos. Species of this complex occur in tropical and subtropical Asia and most of them are of great economic, cultural and ecological value. The lack of resolution achieved through the analyses of previous...Liu, Jing-Xia ; Zhou, Meng-Yuan ; Yang, Guo-Qian ; Zhang, Yu-Xiao ; Ma, Peng-Fei …
ancient introgression, nDNA-plastid DNA associations, morphological evidence, genome-wide SNPs, and BDG complex
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Journal article
Salix acutifolia f. pendula (Salicaceae) - a new form
A new form, Salix acutifolia f. pendula I. V. Belyaeva, N. Y. Stepanova et O. V. Epanch., is described and its distribution is given. Existing confusion between the names, S. acutifolia ‘Duschanbensis’, S. acutifolia ‘Pendula’, S. acutifolia ‘Moscow Cascade’, S. acutifolia var. duschanbensis and S. acutifolia [unranked] pendula is clarified.Stepanova, N. Yu. ; Epanchintseva, O. V. ; Belyaeva, I. V.
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Journal article
A Guide to Carrying Out a Phylogenomic Target Sequence Capture Project
High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enable time- and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. Instead of sequencing and annotating whole genomes, many phylogenetic studies focus sequencing effort on large sets of pre-selected loci, which further reduces costs and bioinformatic challenges while increasing coverage. One common approach that enriches loci...Andermann, Tobias ; Torres Jiménez, Maria Fernanda ; Matos-Maraví, Pável ; Batista, Romina ; Blanco-Pastor, José L. …
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Journal article
Ninety-three new combinations in Euploca for species of Heliotropium section Orthostachys (Boraginaceae sensu APG)
Many new combinations are needed in Euploca, previously regarded as Heliotropium section Orthostachys, to correspond with results of our forthcoming, world-wide, molecular phylogenetic analysis. We also need these names for our many δ13C determinations that identify many Euploca species exhibiting C4 photosynthesis and show that other Euploca species are not...Frohlich, Michael W. ; Thulin, Mats ; Chase, Mark W.
carbon assimilation systems, Eudicots, Australia, and Heliotropiaceae
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Journal article
Repetitive DNA Restructuring Across Multiple Nicotiana Allopolyploidisation Events Shows a Lack of Strong Cytoplasmic Bias in Influencing Repeat Turnover
Allopolyploidy is acknowledged as an important force in plant evolution. Frequent allopolyploidy in Nicotiana across different timescales permits the evaluation of genome restructuring and repeat dynamics through time. Here we use a clustering approach on high-throughput sequence reads to identify the main classes of repetitive elements following three allotetraploid events,... -
Journal article
Drymaria veliziae (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from the Andes of Cajamarca (North Peru)
A new species from the Northern Peruvian Andes (Cajamarca department), Drymaria veliziaesp. nov., is proposed in the present paper. It grows in the high-elevation montane grasslands and it is morphologically similar to D. auriculipetala from which it differs in having elliptic-ovate leaves, blade margin bases glandular, large number of stipules...Montesinos-Tubée, Daniel B. ; Tovar, Carolina ; Iberico-Vela, Gustavo ; Montoya-Quino, Juan ; Sanchez-Vega, Isidoro
Cajamarca, Caryophyllaceae, new species, and Andes
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Journal article
Automated video monitoring of insect pollinators in the field.
Ecosystems are at increasing risk from the global pollination crisis. Gaining better knowledge about pollinators and their interactions with plants is an urgent need. However, conventional methods of manually recording pollinator activity in the field can be time- and cost-consuming in terms of labour. Field-deployable video recording systems have become...Pegoraro, Luca ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Leitch, Ilia J. ; Pellicer, Jaume ; Barlow, Sarah E.
Pollinators, Video monitoring, Computer vision, Insect pollinators, and Pollination ecology
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Journal article
Mcdadea: A New Genus of Acanthaceae Endemic to the Namib Desert of Southwestern Angola
Acanthaceae represent one of the most ecologically dominant families of plants in the Namib Desert and adjacent portions of Namibia and Angola yet have never been comprehensively treated from a taxonomic perspective in the region. Recent fieldwork in Angola yielded discovery of two populations of plants, morphologically allied to the...Tripp, Erin A. ; Darbyshire, Iain
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Journal article
A third of the tropical African flora is potentially threatened with extinction
Preserving tropical biodiversity is an urgent challenge when faced with the growing needs of countries. Despite their crucial importance for terrestrial ecosystems, most tropical plant species lack extinction risk assessments, limiting our ability to identify conservation priorities. Using a novel approach aligned with IUCN Red List criteria, we conducted a...Stévart, T. ; Dauby, G. ; Lowry, P. P. ; Blach-Overgaard, A. ; Droissart, V. …
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Journal article
Reconstructing the Complex Evolutionary History of the Papuasian Schefflera Radiation Through Herbariomics
Shee, Zhi Qiang ; Frodin, David G. ; Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo ; Pokorny, Lisa
Schefflera, Sequence capture, Historical biogeography, Araliaceae, Target enrichment, Papuasia, New Guinea, and Herbariomics
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Journal article
Notes on the plants of Bakossi, Cameroon, and the new Cola etugei and Cola kodminensis (Sterculiaceae s. str.)
Background and aims – This paper reports a further discovery during preparation for a monograph of the genus Cola, and also in the context of a long-term botanical survey in the Cross River-Sanaga interval of west-central Africa, focussing on species discovery and conservation through the Tropical Important Plant Areas programme.Methods...Cheek, Martin ; Tchiengue, Barthelemy ; Baldwin, Isabel
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Journal article
Evaluation of Cypholophus macrocephalus sap as a treatment for infected cutaneous ulcers in Papua New Guinea.
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Journal article
Identifying drivers of forest resilience in long-term records from the Neotropics
Here, we use 30 long-term, high-resolution palaeoecological records from Mexico, Central and South America to address two hypotheses regarding possible drivers of resilience in tropical forests as measured in terms of recovery rates from previous disturbances. First, we hypothesize that faster recovery rates are associated with regions of higher biodiversity,...Adolf, C. ; Tovar, C. ; Kühn, N. ; Behling, H. ; Berrío, J. C. …
Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) and General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
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Journal article
Taxonomic notes on Pycnothelia Dufour and Gymnoderma Nyl. (Cladoniaceae) in Madagascan Region
This study was focused on two species of lichen-forming fungi from Madagascan Region whose tax - onomy has been controversial over the years, Cladonia mascarena Nyl. and Heterodea madagascarea Nyl. While some authors considered C. mascarena to belong to Cladonia, others place it in Pycnothelia Dufour. In this study three...Pino-Bodas, Raquel ; Ahti, Teuvo ; Stenroos, Soili
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Journal article
Age-related pharmacodynamics in a bumblebee–microsporidian system mirror similar patterns in vertebrates
Immune systems provide a key defence against diseases. However, they are not a panacea and so both vertebrates and invertebrates co-opt naturally occurring bioactive compounds to treat themselves against parasites and pathogens. In vertebrates, this co-option is complex, with pharmacodynamics leading to differential effects of treatment at different life stages,...Folly, Arran J. ; Stevenson, Philip C. ; Brown, Mark J. F.
Bombus terrestris, pollinator health, medication, Trifolium pratense, phytochemicals, and Nosema bombi
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Journal article
Synthesis of high added value compounds through catalytic oxidation of 2‐phenylethanol: A Kinetic study
Ben Hmida, Rania ; Frikha, Nourzed ; Bouguerra Neji, Soumaya ; Kite, Geoffrey ; Medina, Francisco …
Inorganic Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Organic Chemistry
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Journal article
Genomics of sorghum local adaptation to a parasitic plant
Host–parasite coevolution can maintain high levels of genetic diversity in traits involved in species interactions. In many systems, host traits exploited by parasites are constrained by use in other functions, leading to complex selective pressures across space and time. Here, we study genome-wide variation in the staple crop Sorghum bicolor...Bellis, Emily S. ; Kelly, Elizabeth A. ; Lorts, Claire M. ; Gao, Huirong ; DeLeo, Victoria L. …
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Journal article
Convergent evolution in calyptrate flowers of Syzygieae (Myrtaceae)
Abstract Shedding a fused perianth as a calyptra at anthesis is a trait that has evolved independently multiple times in angiosperm evolutionary history. However, calyptras do not correspond to homologous structures in all cases. Here, we describe calyptra development in the evolutionary context of Myrtaceae tribe Syzygieae. We use scanning...Vasconcelos, Thais N C ; Lucas, Eve J ; Conejero, Maria ; Giaretta, Augusto ; Prenner, Gerhard
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Early Pleistocene conifer macrofossils from Happisburgh, Norfolk, UK, and their environmental implications for early hominin occupation
Farjon, Aljos ; Horne, David J. ; Parfitt, Simon A. ; Buckland, Philip I. ; Lewis, Mark D.
Archaeology, Geology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, and Global and Planetary Change
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Journal article
Genome size variation at constant chromosome number is not correlated with repetitive DNA dynamism in Anacyclus (Asteraceae)
Abstract Background and Aims Changes in the amount of repetitive DNA (dispersed and tandem repeats) are considered the main contributors to genome size variation across plant species in the absence of polyploidy. However, the study of repeatome dynamism in groups showing contrasting genomic features and complex evolutionary histories is needed...Vitales, Daniel ; Álvarez, Inés ; Garcia, Sònia ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Nieto Feliner, Gonzalo …
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Journal article
Molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Tropidieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) with taxonomic and evolutionary implications.
The orchid tribe Tropidieae comprises three genera, Tropidia, Corymborkis and Kalimantanorchis. There are three fully mycoheterotrophic species within Tropidieae: Tropidia saprophytica, T. connata and Kalimantanorchis nagamasui. A previous phylogenetic study of K. nagamasui, based only on plastid matK data, placed K. nagamasui outside the clade of Tropidia and Corymborkis without...Sabino Kikuchi, Izai A. B. ; Keβler, Paul J. A. ; Schuiteman, André ; Murata, Jin ; Ohi-Toma, Tetsuo …
Corymborkis, Tropidia, Mycoheterotrophy, Phylogeny, and Kalimantanorchis
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Journal article
The distribution and evolution of fungal symbioses in ancient lineages of land plants
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Journal article
Population structure and genetic diversity of Magnolia cubensis subsp. acunae (Magnoliaceae): effects of habitat fragmentation and implications for conservation
Abstract Genetic data on threatened plant populations can facilitate the development of adequate conservation strategies to reduce extinction risk. Such data are particularly important for species affected by habitat fragmentation such as Magnolia cubensis subsp. acunae, a Critically Endangered magnolia subspecies endemic to Cuba. Using genetic data from 67 individuals,...Hernández, Majela ; Palmarola, Alejandro ; Veltjen, Emily ; Asselman, Pieter ; Testé, Ernesto …
Nature and Landscape Conservation and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Two new species of Ardisia subgenus Tetrardisia (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae) from Borneo
Ardisia argentiana and A. nagaensis from subgenus Tetrardisia are herein described and illustrated as new species. They are endemic to Borneo and the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan and to the Malaysian state of Sarawak, respectively. Ardisia argentiana is unique in its linear-oblong leaves, with a long, acuminate-caudate apex,...Julius, Avelinah ; Kajita, Tadashi ; Utteridge, Timothy M.A.
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Plant-fungal interactions in hybrid zones: Ectomycorrhizal communities of willows (Salix) in an alpine glacier forefield
Arraiano-Castilho, R. ; Bidartondo, M.I. ; Niskanen, T. ; Zimmermann, S. ; Frey, B. …
Plant Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, and Ecological Modelling
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Journal article
Early growth phase and caffeine content response to recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide in coffee (Coffea arabica and C. canephora)
While [CO2] effects on growth and secondary chemistry are well characterized for annual plant species, little is known about perennials. Among perennials, production of Coffea arabica and C. canephora (robusta) have enormous economic importance worldwide. Three Arabica cultivars (Bourbon, Catimor, Typica) and robusta coffee were grown from germination to ca....Vega, Fernando E. ; Ziska, Lewis H. ; Simpkins, Ann ; Infante, Francisco ; Davis, Aaron P. …
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Journal article
From the frying pan: an unusual dwarf shrub from Namibia turns out to be a new brassicalean family
Tiganophyton karasense, an evergreen dwarf shrub, is described as a new species. A new genus and family are also proposed for it in the order Brassicales. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data indicate that Tiganophyton is sister to Bataceae/Salvadoraceae, and all three sister to Koeberliniaceae. First realized to be undescribed... -
Journal article
Caution Needed When Predicting Species Threat Status for Conservation Prioritization on a Global Scale
The recent Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) report highlighted the large scale of extinction risks to biodiversity (Díaz et al., 2019). Assessing species' extinction risk is vital for setting conservation priorities and the first step toward protecting particular areas or groups. A widely accepted approach to... -
Journal article
Hanceola suffruticosa (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae), a new species from the Sino-Vietnamese border
Hanceola is a genus of eight herbaceous species previously thought to be endemic to southern China. However, H. suffruticosa, a new species described here from China and Vietnam, differs from all other species of Hanceola by its subshrubby habit. It is also distinct in its shallowly bicrenate laminae and densely...Chen, Ya-Ping ; Paton, Alan J. ; Xiang, Chun-Lei
Hanceola, Sino-Vietnamese border, Hanceolinae, Ocimeae, and new species
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Journal article
Historic herbarium specimens as biocultural assets: An examination of herbarium specimens and their in situ plant communities of the Agulhas National Park, South Africa
Globally there is a need for protected areas to conserve both biodiversity and heritage. Historic specimen localities, although significant to botanists, are not known or recognized under the global heritage umbrella; yet they form an important component of the protected area landscape. We aimed to articulate the conservation and heritage...Cowell, Carly R. ; Anderson, Pippin M. L. ; Annecke, Wendy A.
conservation, fynbos, botanical collectors, biocultural heritage, Cape Colony, Agulhas Plain, and Bolus
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Journal article
Trichanthecium tenerium (Poaceae: Panicoideae), a new species from Guinea-Conakry.
Trichanthecium tenerium Xanthos, a new species from Guinea-Conakry, is described and illustrated. Trichanthecium tenerium is at present known only from two uninhabited sandstone table mountains in the Kounounkan Massif, Forécariah Prefecture. The species is assessed under the IUCN category Endangered. A key to the annual species of Trichanthecium is provided.Xanthos, Martin ; Konomou, Gbamon ; Haba, Pepe M. ; van der Burgt, Xander M.
Africa, Microhairs, Guinea-Conakry, Taxonomy, and Trichanthecium tenerium
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Journal article
Implications of next-generation sequencing for the systematics and evolution of the terrestrial orchid genus Epipactis, with particular reference to the British Isles
Recent application of next-generation sequencing technology to Eurasian taxa of the primitive epidendroid orchid clade Epipactis section Epipactis has further advanced our knowledge of what has become a model system for studying the origins of numerous autogamous taxa from within arguably only one allogamous ancestral species, E. helleborine s.s. Current...Bateman, Richard M.
ancestor-descendant relationships, species circumscription, evolutionary radiation, autogamy, allogamy, speciation, geitonogamy, species concept, and fluctuating asymmetry
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Journal article
Comparative carpological study of Poikilospermum (Urticaceae) in relation to taxonomy
Fruit morphology and the anatomical structure of the pericarp, fruiting perianth, and seed coat were studied in 15 species of Poikilospermum, a genus whose position within the Urticaceae has long been controversial. Possible evolutionary trends of their transformation are suggested for both subgenera; plesiomorphies were found in P. oblongifolium and...Kravtsova, T. I. ; Moore, A. ; Wilmot-Dear, C. M. ; Zhinkina, N. A.
Urticeae, taxonomy, evolution, fruit and seed anatomy, and dispersal
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Journal article
Dichapetalum stahlii (Dichapetalaceae), a new species from Ecuador
A new species, Dichapetalum stahlii, is described from Los Rios in western Ecuador. It is the ninth species of the genus with fimbriate stipules. A key is provided for the seven known Ecuadorian species of the genus.Prance, Ghillean T.
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Journal article
New combinations in Guilandina (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)
The Caesalpinia Group (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) and the genus Caesalpinia sensu lato were recently reclassified resulting in a reduction in the number of species in Caesalpinia sensu stricto to nine. Of the genera now accepted as distinct from Caesalpinia, the pantropical genus Guilandina lacks any recent global taxonomic account and estimates...Lewis, G. P.
nomenclature and Fabaceae
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Journal article
Endemism patterns are scale dependent
Areas of endemism are important in biogeography because they capture facets of biodiversity not represented elsewhere. However, the scales at which they are relevant to research and conservation are poorly analysed. Here, we calculate weighted endemism (WE) and phylogenetic endemism (PE) separately for all birds and amphibians across the globe....Daru, Barnabas H. ; Farooq, Harith ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Faurby, Søren
biogeography, evolutionary ecology, and conservation biology
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Journal article
Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides
Besides providing food and shelter to natural enemies of crop pests, plants used in conservation biological control interventions potentially provide additional ecosystem services including providing botanical insecticides. Here we concurrently tested the strength of these two services from six non-crop plants in managing cabbage pests in Ghana over three successive...Amoabeng, B. W. ; Stevenson, Philip C. ; Mochiah, B. M. ; Asare, K. P. ; Gurr, G. M.
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Journal article
Malaxideae (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar, the Mascarenes, Seychelles and Comoro Islands.
The tribe Malaxideae (Orchidaceae, subfamily Epidendroideae) (sensu Pridgeon et al. 2005: 453) in Madagascar and adjacent archipelagos is revised. In this region it comprises the four genera: Liparis, Malaxis, Oberonia and Stichorkis. All of the species are described and their typification, history, identification, distribution and habitat are discussed. Conservation assessments... -
Journal article
FluentDNA: Nucleotide Visualization of Whole Genomes, Annotations, and Alignments
Researchers seldom look at naked genome assemblies: instead the attributes of DNA sequences are mediated through statistics, annotations and high level summaries. Here we present software that visualizes the bare sequences of whole genome assemblies in a zoomable interface. This can assist in detection of chromosome architecture and contamination by... -
Journal article
Unraveling the Phylogenomic Relationships of the Most Diverse African Palm Genus Raphia (Calamoideae, Arecaceae)
Palms are conspicuous floristic elements across the tropics. In continental Africa, even though there are less than 70 documented species, they are omnipresent across the tropical landscape. The genus Raphia has 20 accepted species in Africa and one species endemic to the Neotropics. It is the most economically important genus...Helmstetter, Andrew J. ; Kamga, Suzanne Mogue ; Bethune, Kevin ; Lautenschläger, Thea ; Zizka, Alexander …
Rain forests, Africa, Madagascar, Sequence capture, Exons, Phylogenomics, and Raphia
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Journal article
outsider: Install and run programs, outside of R, inside of R
In many areas of research, product development and software engineering, analytical pipelines – workflows connecting output from multiple software – are key for processing and running tests on data. They can provide results in a consistent, modular and transparent manner. Pipelines also make it easier to demonstrate the reproducibility of...Bennett, Dominic ; Hettling, Hannes ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Vos, Rutger ; Antonelli, Alexandre
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Journal article
Strategies for reducing per‐sample costs in target capture sequencing for phylogenomics and population genomics in plants
The reduced cost of high‐throughput sequencing and the development of gene sets with wide phylogenetic applicability has led to the rise of sequence capture methods as a plausible platform for both phylogenomics and population genomics in plants. An important consideration in large targeted sequencing projects is the per‐sample cost, which... -
Journal article
Volatiles from African species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae), including new diterpenes in essential oil from Croton gratissimus
The chemistry of essential oils from the leaves of three African species of Croton (C. gratissimus, C. pseudopulchellus and C. sylvaticus) is comprehensively characterised. Two new volatile diterpenes were isolated from C. gratissimus and the structures assigned using 1D and 2D NMR. One is a furanyl-halimane methyl ester (1) assigned... -
Journal article
From Petri Dish to Patient: Bioavailability Estimation and Mechanism of Action for Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Natural Products
The new era of multidrug resistance of pathogens against frontline antibiotics has compromised the immense therapeutic gains of the ‘golden age,’ stimulating a resurgence in antimicrobial research focused on antimicrobial and immunomodulatory components of botanical, fungal or microbial origin. While much valuable information has been amassed on the potency of...Sadgrove, Nicholas J. ; Jones, Graham L.
polar head space, rotatable bonds, pharmacodynamics, transdermal penetration, and pharmacokinetics
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Journal article
New Labdanes with Antimicrobial and Acaricidal Activity: Terpenes of Callitris and Widdringtonia (Cupressaceae)
In spite of the evidence for antimicrobial and acaricidal effects in ethnobotanical reports of Callitris and Widdringtonia, the diterpene acids from Widdringtonia have never been described and no comparison to the Australian clade sister genus Callitris has been made. The critically endangered South African Clanwilliam cedar, Widdringtonia wallichii (syn. W....Sadgrove, Nicholas J. ; Senbill, Haytham ; Van Wyk, Ben-Erik ; Greatrex, Ben W.
antimicrobial, NMR, Widdringtonia, diterpene, essential oil, Callitris, and cedar
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Journal article
High-Value Plant Species Used for the Treatment of “Fever” by the Karen Hill Tribe People
The symptom “fever” is generally not itself a terminal condition. However, it does occur with common mild to severe ailments afflicting the world population. Several allopathic medicines are available to attenuate fever by targeting the pathogen or the symptom itself. However, many people in marginal civilizations are obligated to use...Phumthum, Methee ; Sadgrove, Nicholas J.
medicinal plants, antiviral, ethnic group, Thai, infection, antipyretic, antiprotozoal, and ethnobotany
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Journal article
Antimicrobial Isoflavones and Derivatives from Erythrina (Fabaceae): Structure Activity Perspective (Sar & Qsar) on Experimental and Mined Values Against Staphylococcus Aureus
Prenylated (iso)flavonoids, -flavans and pterocarpans from taxa in Erythrina are repeatedly flagged as potent antimicrobial compounds. In the current study, bark from E. lysistemon was extracted and seven isoflavone derivatives were purified: erybraedin A (1), phaseollidin (2), abyssinone V-4’ methyl ether (3), eryzerin C (4), alpumisoflavone (5), cristacarpin (6) and...Sadgrove, Nicholas J. ; Oliveira, Tiago B. ; Khumalo, Gugulethu P. ; Vuuren, Sandy F. van ; van Wyk, Ben-Erik
pterocarpan, MRSA, QSAR; MRSA, prenylated isoflavonoid, and traditional medicine
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Journal article
Three new species segregated from Phebalium squamulosum subsp. squamulosum (Rutaceae) based on morphological and phytochemical data
Phebalium graniticola I.Telford & J.J.Bruhl, P. stellatum I.Telford & J.J.Bruhl and P. sylvaticum I.Telford & J.J.Bruhl are segregated as new species from Phebalium squamulosum Vent. subsp. squamulosum. Essential oil data support the recognition of these species as distinct. Distributions of the new species are mapped, and their habitat and conservation status discussed....Telford, Ian R.H. ; Sadgrove, Nicholas J. ; Bruhl, Jeremy J.
conservation, plant systematics, taxonomy, essential oils, and biodiversity
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Journal article
A new species of Myrsine (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae) from New Guinea
Myrsine exquisitorum Utteridge & Lepschi (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to the Western Highlands Province from Papua New Guinea. The new species is unique in the relatively large, almost orbicular leaves with entire margins, and the tetramerous flowers arranged in axillary fascicles without forming short...Utteridge, Timothy M.A. ; Lepschi, Brendan J.
Rapanea, Papuasia, Eudicots, taxonomy, Malesia, and Myrsinaceae
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Journal article
Virotia azurea (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a striking new species endemic to New Caledonia and notes on V. francii and V. leptophylla
Virotia azurea H.C. Hopkins & Pillon (Proteaceae), the seventh species in the endemic genus Virotia L.A.S. Johnson & B.G. Briggs from New Caledonia is described and illustrated. A distribution map and preliminary conservation assessment are provided. This new species occurs principally on non-ultramafic substrates in a restricted area of central...Hopkins, Helen C.F. ; Pillon, Yohan
Virotia, taxonomy, new species, manganese, Serpentine flora, new Caledonia, and Proteaceae
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Journal article
Comparing essential oils from Australia's ‘Victorian Christmas Bush’ (Prostanthera lasianthos Labill., Lamiaceae) to closely allied new species: Phenotypic plasticity and taxonomic variability
Prostanthera lasianthos (Lamiaceae) is commonly referred to as the ‘Victorian Christmas Bush’, a name that derives from the floral display it gives in the Christmas period. However, botanists recognise P. lasianthos as a heterogeneous species aggregate that includes several putative new species that are confined to disjunct locations. Recently one...Sadgrove, Nicholas John
Principal component analysis, Terpene, Volatiles, Prostanthera lasianthos, Dendrogram, Lamiaceae, Phenotypic plasticity, Gas chromatography, and Essential oils
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Journal article
Lost and Found: Coffea stenophylla and C. affinis, the Forgotten Coffee Crop Species of West Africa.
Coffea arabica (Arabica) and C. canephora (robusta) almost entirely dominate global coffee production. Various challenges at the production (farm) level, including the increasing prevalence and severity of disease and pests and climate change, indicate that the coffee crop portfolio needs to be substantially diversified in order to ensure resilience and...Davis, Aaron P. ; Gargiulo, Roberta ; Fay, Michael F. ; Sarmu, Daniel ; Haggar, Jeremy
Climate change, Speciality coffee, DNA, Coffee, Agronomy, Sierra Leone, West Africa, and Crop wild relatives
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Journal article
Validation of two varieties of Oxytropis tragacanthoides (Fabaceae) from Southern Siberia
Two names of varieties, Oxytropis tragacanthoides Fisch. ex DC. var. parviflora Polozhij ex Krivenko, var. nova, and Oxytropis tragacanthoides var. glabra Peschkova ex Krivenko, var. nova, are validated here according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code). For each new variety provided description, illustration...Krivenko, Denis A. ; Tatanov, Ivan V. ; Belyaeva, Irina V.
nomenclature, Southern Siberia, new varieties, Fabaceae, taxonomy, Oxytropis tragacanthoides, Mongolia, and Russia
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Journal article
Lectotypification of the name Salix pseudodepressa (Salicaceae)
Problems with typification of the name, Salix pseudodepressa A.K.Skvortsov, are discussed and the lectotypification of this name is made.Kovtonyuk, Nataliya K. ; Belyaeva, Irina V.
nomenclature, digital herbarium, Caucasus, Salix pseudodepressa, Salicaceae, lectotypification, and flora
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Journal article
Monitoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Colombia's High Andean Ecosystems: Toward an Integrated Strategy
There is growing consensus that biodiversity losses resulting from global change profoundly affects ecosystem services and human welfare. However, biodiversity and ecosystem processes are commonly monitored independently and on spatiotemporal scales inadequate to inform decision-making. The high Andean ecosystems of Colombia, extending from high Andean forests and páramos to glacier...Llambí, Luis D. ; Becerra, María Teresa ; Peralvo, Manuel ; Avella, Andrés ; Baruffol, Martín …