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Journal article
A synopsis of Polysphaeria (Rubiaceae) in Mozambique, including two new species
The genus Polysphaeria is investigated in Mozambique based on detailed morphological studies of herbarium specimens, resulting in the recognition of two new species. The first, P. ribauensis, is based on Kraussia sp. A of Flora Zambesiaca and is endemic to the Ribáuè Mountains of Nampula Province. The second, P. harrisii,...Darbyshire, Iain ; Langa, Clayton ; Romeiras, Maria
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Journal article
Polyploidy does not control all: Lineage‐specific average chromosome length constrains genome size evolution in ferns
Recent studies investigating the evolution of genome size diversity in ferns have shown that they have a distinctive genome profile compared with other land plants. Ferns are typically characterized by possessing medium‐sized genomes, although a few lineages have evolved very large genomes. Ferns are different from other vascular plant lineages...Liu, Hong‐Mei ; Ekrt, Libor ; Koutecky, Petr ; Pellicer, Jaume ; Hidalgo, Oriane …
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Journal article
Opportunities and challenges for an Indonesian forest monitoring network
Permanent sampling plots (PSPs) are a powerful and reliable methodology to help our understanding of the diversity and dynamics of tropical forests. Based on the current inventory of PSPs in Indonesia, there is high potential to establish a long-term collaborative forest monitoring network. Whilst there are challenges to initiating such...Brearley, Francis Q. ; Adinugroho, Wahyu C. ; Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo ; Krisnawati, Haruni ; Ledo, Alicia …
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Journal article
Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution
Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfil diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolutionary history are poorly known,...Varga, Torda ; Krizsán, Krisztina ; Földi, Csenge ; Dima, Bálint ; Sánchez-García, Marisol …
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Journal article
New circumscription, morphology and synopsis of Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae (Leguminosae)
A new circumscription of Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae is presented based on the results of molecular and morphological analyses. The series is monophyletic upon exclusion of three species that were included within it by Irwin and Barneby. Morphological variation within the series is discussed. Characters previously neglected, such as...Rando, Juliana Gastaldello ; Pirani, José Rubens ; Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira ; Lewis, Gwilym Peter
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Journal article
Speciation in Howea palms occurred in sympatry, was preceded by ancestral admixture, and was associated with edaphic and phenological adaptation
Howea palms are viewed as one of the most clear-cut cases of speciation in sympatry. The sister species H. belmoreana and H. forsteriana are endemic to the oceanic Lord Howe Island, Australia, where they have overlapping distributions and are reproductively isolated mainly by flowering time differences. However, the potential role...Osborne, Owen ; Ciezarek, Adam ; Wilson, Trevor ; Crayn, Darren ; Hutton, Ian …
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Journal article
Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 4. Demographic analyses support speciation of Howea in the face of high gene flow
The idea that populations must be geographically isolated (allopatric) to evolve into separate species has persisted for a long time. It is now clear that new species can also diverge despite ongoing genetic exchange, but few accepted cases of speciation in sympatry have held up when scrutinized using modern approaches....Papadopulos, Alexander ; Igea, Javier ; Smith, Thomas ; Hutton, Ian ; Baker, William …
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Journal article
Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 3. Genetic map reveals genomic islands underlying species divergence in Howea
Although it is now widely accepted that speciation can occur in the face of continuous gene flow, with little or no spatial separation, the mechanisms and genomic architectures that permit such divergence are still debated. Here, we examined speciation in the face of gene flow in the Howea palms of...Papadopulos, Alexander ; Igea, Javier ; Dunning, Luke ; Osborne, Owen ; Quan, Xueping …
Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, and General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
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Journal article
Population structure of Betula albosinensis and Betula platyphylla: evidence for hybridization and a cryptic lineage
Background and Aims Differences in local abundance and ploidy level are predicted to impact the direction of introgression between species. Here, we tested these hypotheses on populations of Betula albosinensis (red birch) and Betula platyphylla (white birch) which were thought to differ in ploidy level, the former being tetraploid and...Hu, Ya-Nan ; Zhao, Lei ; Buggs, Richard ; Zhang, Xue-Min ; Li, Jun …
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Journal article
Current and future potential distributions of three Dracaena Vand. ex L. species under two contrasting climate change scenarios in Africa
Forest undergrowth plants are tightly connected with the shady and humid conditions that occur under the canopy of tropical forests. However, projected climatic changes, such as decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature, negatively affect understory environments by promoting light‐demanding and drought‐tolerant species. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the influence of climate...Bogawski, Paweł ; Damen, Theo ; Nowak, Maciej ; Pędziwiatr, Katarzyna ; Wilkin, Paul …
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Journal article
Native Useful Plants of Chile: A Review and Use Patterns
We compiled an inventory of the uses of the native flora of Chile by extracting uses cited in the literature until 2015. The inventory reported use citations for a total of 995 species of useful vascular plants (23% of Chile’s flora). These data were used to test the hypothesis that...Díaz-Forestier, Javiera ; León-Lobos, Pedro ; Marticorena, Alicia ; Celis-Diez, Juan ; Giovannini, Peter
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Journal article
Coping with ill-health: health care facility, chemist or medicinal plants? Health-seeking behaviour in a Kenyan wetland
Background Sub-Saharan African wetlands, settlement areas to growing populations, expose their users to diseases as necessary health infrastructure remains underdeveloped. Methods Mixed methods were adopted to assess the health-seeking behaviour of different exposure groups (farmers, pastoralists, service sector workers) in a Kenyan wetland community. Based on a cross-sectional survey (n = 400),...Anthonj, Carmen ; Giovannini, Peter ; Kistemann, Thomas
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Journal article
Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands
Solanum L. (Solanaceae) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and presents difficulties in identification due to lack of regional keys to all groups. Here we provide keys to all 135 species of Solanum native and naturalised in Africa (as defined by World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions):...Knapp, Sandra ; Vorontsova, Maria S. ; Särkinen, Tiina
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Journal article
Phylogenomic Relationships of Diploids and the Origins of Allotetraploids in Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)
Disentangling phylogenetic relationships proves challenging for groups that have evolved recently, especially if there is ongoing reticulation. Although they are in most cases immediately isolated from diploid relatives, sets of sibling allopolyploids often hybridize with each other, thereby increasing the complexity of an already challenging situation. Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) is...Brandrud, Marie K ; Baar, Juliane ; Lorenzo, Maria T ; Athanasiadis, Alexander ; Bateman, Richard M …
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Journal article
UAV survey at archaeological earthwork sites in the Brazilian state of Acre, southwestern Amazonia
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used for many scientific applications, including archaeological surveys. We test the suitability and practicability of UAV surveying in the tropical lowlands of Brazil and techniques for visualizing the resulting digital elevation models, specifically the Red Relief Image Map (RRIM). We present the results of...Saunaluoma, Sanna ; Anttiroiko, Niko ; Moat, Justin
Red Relief Image Map (RRIM), UAV survey, earthworks, visualization, structure‐from‐motion (SfM), and interfluvial Amazonia
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Journal article
Interaction of functional and environmental traits on seed germination of the multipurpose tree Flacourtia indica
Flacourtia indica (Salicaceae) is a multipurpose tree native to tropical regions of Africa and India, where it is mainly used for food and medicines. Its use in reforestation is limited by poor knowledge of its seed biology and germination ecology. The aim of this study was to determine how its... -
Journal article
Reconciling Darwin’s naturalization and pre‐adaptation hypotheses: An inference from phylogenetic fields of exotic plants in Japan
Aim Understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions remains a challenge for several disciplines, including biogeography. One major issue in overcoming this challenge is disentangling the confounding mechanisms of species invasiveness and community invasibility. Here, we tackle this issue by applying a novel approach based on the phylogenetic affinities...Kusumoto, Buntarou ; Villalobos, Fabricio ; Shiono, Takayuki ; Kubota, Yasuhiro