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Search Results
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1995
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2021
Journal article
Regulation of seed germination by diurnally alternating temperatures in disturbance-adapted banana crop wild relatives (Musa acuminata).
Seed conservation of banana crop wild relatives (Musa L. spp.) is limited because of lack of knowledge about their germination ecology. Musa acuminata Colla, the most important banana crop wild relative, is distributed in tropical and subtropical Asian and Pacific rainforests and colonizes disturbed sites. The role of temperature in... -
2021
Journal article
Molecular evidence of species- and subspecies-level distinctions in the rare Orchis patens s.l. and implications for conservation
Characterizing genetic diversity and structure of populations is essential for the effective conservation of threatened species. Orchis patens sensu lato is a narrowly distributed tetraploid species with a disjunct distribution (i.e., Northern Italy, North Africa and the Canary Islands), which is facing a severe decline. In this study, we evaluated...Calevo, Jacopo ; Gargiulo, Roberta ; Bersweden, Leif ; Viruel, Juan ; González-Montelongo, Cristina …
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), Orchids, Disjunct distribution , and Population genetics
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2021
Journal article
Land‐use intensification increases richness of native and exotic herbaceous plants, but not endemics, in Malagasy vanilla landscapes
Abstract Aim North‐eastern Madagascar is a hotspot of plant diversity, but vanilla and rice farming are driving land‐use change, including slash‐and‐burn management. It still remains unknown how land‐use change and land‐use history affect richness and composition of endemic, native and exotic herbaceous plant species. Location North‐eastern Madagascar. Methods We assessed... -
2021
Journal article
Reviewing the world's edible mushroom species: A new evidence‐based classification system
Wild mushrooms are a vital source of income and nutrition for many poor communities and of value to recreational foragers. Literature relating to the edibility of mushroom species continues to expand, driven by an increasing demand for wild mushrooms, a wider interest in foraging, and the study of traditional foods....Li, Huili ; Tian, Yang ; Menolli, Nelson ; Ye, Lei ; Karunarathna, Samantha C. …
edibility, wild foods, mycology, foraging, and poisonous mushrooms
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2021
Journal article
Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon
This is the first revision in more than 100 years of the African genus Pseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Closely related to Anchomanes, Pseudohydrosme is distinct from Anchomanes because of its 2-3-locular ovary (vs. unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (vs. exposed,...Cheek, Martin ; Tchiengué, Barthélemy ; van der Burgt, Xander
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2021
Research report
Kew Tree of Life Explorer - Release notes 1.0
Release notes for the Tree of Life Explorer data release 1.0Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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2021
Journal article
Botanical Monography in the Anthropocene
Botanical monographs have been the gold standard for communicating comprehensive systematic information about plants for over 300 years. Monographs catalyse species discovery, biodiversity documentation and conservation, and facilitate downstream research on wild and cultivated plant species. Increased availability of DNA sequence data and digitised resources now provide powerful resources for...Grace, Olwen M. ; Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A. ; Lucas, Eve J. ; Vorontsova, Maria S. ; Lewis, Gwilym P. …
conservation, Tree of Life, taxonomy , plants systematics , and biodiversity
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2021
Journal article
Metal‐rich soils increase tropical tree stoichiometric distinctiveness
Background and aims Ultramafic soils have high metal concentrations, offering a key opportunity to understand if such metals are strong predictors of leaf stoichiometry. This is particularly relevant for tropical forests where large knowledge gaps exist. Methods On the tropical island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, we sampled forests on sand, limestone,... -
2021
Journal article
Introgression between Betula tianshanica and Betula microphylla and its implications for conservation
In areas where closely related species meet, the possibility that they may hybridize must be taken into account by conservationists. Hybridization may have positive or negative consequences for the long‐term future of species. If present, its dynamics need to be understood. Betula microphylla is a declining wetland tree species in... -
2020
Journal article
Madagascar: A Biodiversity hotspot still revealing its botanical treasures.
The status of Madagascar's plant diversity is briefly reviewed, together with a consideration of the key threats and approaches used in conserving this unique flora. The role of the Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre is reviewed in relation to species discovery and conservation.Clubbe, Colin ; Cable, Stuart ; Ralimanana, Hélène
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2021
Journal article
Phylogeny of Anisopappus with species circumscriptions revisited (Asteraceae: Athroismeae)
Anisopappus (Asteraceae: Athroismeae) is a genus with its main distribution in Africa (one species also in Asia), currently considered to include around 21 species. A molecular phylogenetic study of Anisopappus is presented for the first time, based on plastid (ndhF, trnL‐trnF, trnQ‐rps16) and nuclear (ETS, ITS) data. Anisopappus is confirmed...Bengtson, Annika ; Osborne, Jo ; Anderberg, Arne A.
Athroismeae, molecular phylogenetics, taxonomy, Compositae, Anisopappus , and Asteraceae
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2021
Journal article
Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits
Urgent solutions to global climate change are needed. Ambitious tree‐planting initiatives, many already underway, aim to sequester enormous quantities of carbon to partly compensate for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which are a major cause of rising global temperatures. However, tree planting that is poorly planned and executed could actually increase CO2... -
2020
Journal article
Taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands IV: subgenus Anisonemoides section Pseudogomphidium and incertae sedis
This paper is the fourth part of the taxonomic revision of the genus Phyllanthus in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Here we treat Pseudogomphidium Ralim. & Cable sect. nov. consisting of nine species that we misplaced in the subgenus Gomphidium (Baill.) G.L.Webster in our previous paper. Two species are new...Ralimanana, Hélène ; Cable, Stuart
taxonomy, Phyllanthus razakamalalae, IUCN Red List , and Phyllanthus ankirindrensis
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2021
Journal article
Delimiting the genera of the Ficinia Clade (Cypereae, Cyperaceae) based on molecular phylogenetic data
Generic delimitations in the Ficinia Clade of tribe Cypereae are revisited. In particular, we aim to establish the placement of annual species currently included in Isolepis of which the phylogenetic position is uncertain. Phylogenetic inference is based on two nuclear markers (ETS, ITS) and five plastid markers (the genes matK,...Muasya, A. Muthama ; Larridon, Isabel
Plant Science, Biodiversity, Evolutionary Studies, and Research article
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2020
Journal article
High-quality genome sequence of white lupin provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an annual crop cultivated for its protein-rich seeds. It is adapted to poor soils due to the production of cluster roots, which are made of dozens of determinate lateral roots that drastically improve soil exploration and nutrient acquisition (mostly phosphate). Using long-read sequencing technologies,...Hufnagel, Bárbara ; Marques, André ; Soriano, Alexandre ; Marquès, Laurence ; Divol, Fanchon …
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2020
Journal article
Natural Plant Resources for Sustainable Development: Insights from Community Use in the Chimanimani Trans-Frontier Conservation Area, Mozambique
In rural African communities, wild plant species are a valuable resource that are often threatened by agricultural conversion and overexploitation. To understand the harvest and sale of wild plant species that provide fruits and raw materials for artisanal products, this study used ethnobotanical and socio-economic methods to engage communities in... -
2020
Journal article
Better together: Joint consideration of anatomy and morphology illuminates the architecture and life history of the Carboniferous arborescent lycopsid Paralycopodites.
Paralycopodites Morey & Morey, a Carboniferous‐age arboreous lycopsid that grew in the tropical wetlands of Pangea, is the phylogenetically basalmost member of the Carboniferous stigmarian lycopsids to be conceptually reconstructed. We update its description through reciprocal illumination between anatomy (coal‐balls) and gross morphology (adpressions). Revised assessment of its architecture and...DiMichele, William A. ; Bateman, Richard M.
Phylogeny, Carboniferous, Anatomical preservation, Ulodendron, Paleozoic , Bergeria, Adpression , Paralycopodites, and Rhizomorphic lycophyte
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2021
Journal article
Relationships between resource availability and elevation vary between metrics creating gradients of nutritional complexity
Plant and animal community composition changes at higher elevations on mountains. Plant and animal species richness generally declines with elevation, but the shape of the relationship differs between taxa. There are several proposed mechanisms, including the productivity hypotheses; that declines in available plant biomass confers fewer resources to consumers, thus...Lee, Mark A. ; Burger, Grace ; Green, Emma R. ; Kooij, Pepijn W.
Grassland , Biodiversity, Protein, Forage, and Altitude
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2015
Other
A Global Resource for Plant and Fungal Knowledge. Science Strategy 2015-2020
Science has always been the heart of Kew’s purpose and it will continue to be so. Our collections, our people and our partnerships enable us to make an invaluable and highly relevant contribution to some of the biggest issues facing the global population. We do this through research, conservation, and...Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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2020
Journal article
World Flora Online: Placing taxonomists at the heart of a definitive and comprehensive global resource on the world's plants
It is time to synthesize the knowledge that has been generated through more than 260 years of botanical exploration, taxonomic and, more recently, phylogenetic research throughout the world. The adoption of an updated Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) in 2011 provided the essential impetus for the development of the World... -
2020
Journal article
New combinations in Decalobanthus (Convolvulaceae)
The recent revisionary work of “Merremieae” has resulted in the segregation of the c. 100 species of the pantropical genus Merremia into six genera. Thus, the formerly monotypic genus Decalobanthus was expanded, aggregating 13 species of Merremia s.l. The genus delimitation is coherent, with strong molecular phylogenetic and morphological support....Simões, Ana Rita G. ; Pisuttimarn, Ponprom ; Pornpongrungrueng, Pimwadee ; Chatrou, Lars W.
Merremia, woody climbers, morning-glories, liana , and Merremieae
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2020
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2021
Journal article
Conservation priorities for African Vigna species: Unveiling Angola’s diversity hotspots
It is widely recognized that the conservation of the Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) in their wild habitats is fundamental to ensure the continuous supply of novel genetic material, crucial for future crop improvement. Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) and V. subterranea (bambara groundnut) are amongst the most significant African legumes as sources...Catarino, Silvia ; Rangel, Josefa ; Darbyshire, Iain ; Costa, Esperança ; Duarte, Maria Cristina …
Climate change, Crop wild relatives (CWR), Gap analysis, Leguminosae, Cowpea, and Protected areas
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2020
Journal article
Contrasted histories of organelle and nuclear genomes underlying physiological diversification in a grass species
C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently in angiosperms, but most origins are relatively old so that the early events linked to photosynthetic diversification are blurred. The grass Alloteropsis semialata is an exception, as this species encompasses C4 and non-C4 populations. Using phylogenomics and population genomics, we infer the history of...Bianconi, Matheus E. ; Dunning, Luke T. ; Curran, Emma V. ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Powell, Robyn F. …
polyploidy, miombo woodlands, admixture, C₄ photosynthesis, phylogeography, and phylogenomics
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2020
Journal article
Geographical structure of genetic diversity in Loudetia simplex (Poaceae) in Madagascar and South Africa
Ecologically dominant species are primary determinants of ecosystem function, especially in grassy ecosystems, but the history and biology of grassy ecosystems in Madagascar are poorly understood compared to those of Africa. Loudetia simplex is a C4 perennial grass that is adapted to fire and common to dominant across Africa. It... -
2020
Journal article
Paraphyly of the genus Boehmeria (Urticaceae): a response to Liang et al. ‘Relationships among Chinese Boehmeria species and the evolution of various clade’
Boehmeria, as currently circumscribed, comprises 52 species and has a pantropical distribution. Liang et al. propose a sectional classification of Boehmeria based on the phylogenetic analysis of SNP data for 20 species and an additional 10 subspecific taxa of these at the rank of variety or form. They restrict their...Monro, Alexandre K. ; Dodsworth, Steven ; Fu, Long-Fei ; Friis, Ib ; Wilmot-Dear, Christine M. …
Urtica, Ramie, Paraphyly, Monophyly , Systematics, Urticaceae, and Taxon sampling
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2020
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2020
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2020
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2020
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2020
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2020
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2020
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2020
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2020
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2020
Master's dissertation
Refining extinction estimations for plants of the UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)
Vojtek, Ján
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2020
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2020
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2020
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2020
Research report
IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0: descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups
Ecosystems are critically important components of Earth’s biological diversity and as the natural capital that sustains human life and well-being. Yet all of the world’s ecosystems show hallmarks of human influence, and many are under acute risks of collapse, with consequences for habitats of species, genetic diversity, ecosystem services, sustainable...Keith, David A. ; Ferrer-Paris, Jose R. ; Nicholson, Emily ; Kingsford, Richard T.
Classification, Freshwater, Red Data/Red List, Biome, Biodiversity, Terrestrial ecosystems, Marine, and Ecosystems
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2020
Journal article
Using Lenses Attached to a Smartphone as a Macroscopic Early Warning Tool in the Illegal Timber Trade, in Particular for CITES-Listed Species
Wood anatomy is a key discipline as a tool for monitoring the global timber trade, particularly for wood listed in protected species conventions such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). One of the main barriers to reducing illegal trafficking of protected species... -
2020
Journal article
WorldForestID: Addressing the need for standardized wood reference collections to support authentication analysis technologies; a way forward for checking the origin and identity of traded timber.
Societal Impact Statement Forest products are the most used inedible renewable resource, but supplies are finite. It is difficult to know which tree species are in wood products or where they come from. Scientific evidence is needed to support or refute origin and species claims in traded products. We describe... -
2020
Journal article
How diverse is heterochromatin in the Caesalpinia group? Cytogenomic characterization of Erythrostemon hughesii Gagnon & G.P. Lewis (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)
Main conclusion Cytogenomic characterization of Erythrostemon hughesii reveals a heterogeneity of repeats in its subtelomeric heterochromatin. Comparative analyses with other Caesalpinia group species reveal a significant reduction in the abundance of Ty3-gypsy/Chromovirus Tekay retrotransposons during its evolution. In numerically stable karyotypes, repetitive DNA variability is one of the main causes...Mata-Sucre, Yennifer ; Sader, Mariela ; Van-Lume, Brena ; Gagnon, Edeline ; Pedrosa-Harand, Andrea …
Genome evolution, Satellite DNA, Mobile elements, Repetitive sequences, and Cytogenetics
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2020
Journal article
Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)
Based on extensive herbarium, field, botanical illustration, and molecular phylogenetic research, five genera and eight species are recognised for the Neotropical Haemodoraceae. New taxa include Cubanicula Hopper et al., Xiphidium pontederiiflorum M.Pell. et al. and Schiekia timida M.Pell. et al. Two new combinations are made, Cubanicula xanthorrhizos (C.Wright ex Griseb.)... -
2020
Journal article
Cladonia subturgida (Cladoniaceae, Lecanoromycetes), an overlooked, but common species in the Mediterranean region
AbstractCladonia subturgida is a Mediterranean species that has been overlooked. Apparently it was restricted to the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands. However, during the study of the genus Cladonia in the Mediterranean region, new populations from 44 localities were found in: south France, Sardinia, south Italian peninsula, Crete and continental...Pino-Bodas, Raquel ; Araujo, Elena ; Gutiérrez-Larruga, Blanca ; Burgaz, Ana Rosa
Distribution modelling, Lichen forming fungi, Genetic diversity, and Cladoniaceae
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2020
Journal article
Quality issues in georeferencing: From physical collections to digital data repositories for ecological research
Natural history collections constitute an enormous wealth of information of Life on Earth. It is estimated that over 2 billion specimens are preserved at institutions worldwide, of which less than 10% are accessible via biodiversity data aggregators such as GBIF. Moreover, they are a very important resource for eco‐evolutionary research,... -
2020
Journal article
Hybrid capture of 964 nuclear genes resolves evolutionary relationships in the mimosoid legumes and reveals the polytomous origins of a large pantropical radiation
PREMISE Targeted enrichment methods facilitate sequencing of hundreds of nuclear loci to enhance phylogenetic resolution and elucidate why some parts of the “tree of life” are difficult (if not impossible) to resolve. The mimosoid legumes are a prominent pantropical clade of ~3300 species of woody angiosperms for which previous phylogenies... -
2020
Journal article
Ecology and diagnosis of Enallodiplosis discordis (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae)
The coastal desert of Peru and Chile is home to Prosopis (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) tree species that are exceptionally well-adapted to the hyperarid conditions and keystone in dry-forest ecosystems. From 2001 to 2018, Prosopis in Peru have suffered widespread defoliation and die-back, with consequent deforestation and collapse in pod production. This... -
2020
Journal article
Genome Size Evolution and Dynamics in Iris, with Special Focus on the Section Oncocyclus
Insights into genome size dynamics and its evolutionary impact remain limited by the lack of data for many plant groups. One of these is the genus Iris, of which only 53 out of c. 260 species have available genome sizes. In this study, we estimated the C-values for 41 species... -
2020
Journal article
Seed Survival at Low Temperatures: A Potential Selecting Factor Influencing Community Level Changes in High Altitudes under Climate Change
In alpine ecosystems, imbibed seeds are often exposed to temperatures as low as −35 °C, challenging their survival in the soil. Here, we show that seeds have mechanisms to survive cold climate prevalent in alpine ecosystems and have identified three such mechanisms from existing literature, including two forms of freezing avoidance...Jaganathan, Ganesh K. ; Dalrymple, Sarah E. ; Pritchard, Hugh W.
Boreal, supercooling, freezing tolerance, freezing avoidance, and species migration
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2020
Journal article
The Cryobiotechnology of Oaks: An Integration of Approaches for the Long-Term Ex Situ Conservation of Quercus Species
Conventional dry seed storage is unlikely for about one third of all tree species (and nearly half of evergreen rain forest trees) as they probably produce desiccation sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. Consequently, international ex situ conservation targets for threatened trees will be difficult to achieve without innovation, especially in cryobiotechnology. We...Ballesteros, Daniel ; Pritchard, Hugh W.
recalcitrant seeds, cryopreservation, pollen, embryonic axes, DOE, tree genetic resources, shoot tips, in vitro culture, and dormant buds
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2020
Journal article
A haplotype-led approach to increase the precision of wheat breeding
Crop productivity must increase at unprecedented rates to meet the needs of the growing worldwide population. Exploiting natural variation for the genetic improvement of crops plays a central role in increasing productivity. Although current genomic technologies can be used for high-throughput identification of genetic variation, methods for efficiently exploiting this...Brinton, Jemima ; 10 Wheat Genome Project ; Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ricardo H. ; Simmonds, James ; Wingen, Luzie …
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2020
Journal article
Further new species and records from the coastal dry forests and woodlands of the Rovuma Centre of Endemism
Background and aims – The coastal dry forests and woodlands of Cabo Delgado Province (Mozambique), part of the proposed Rovuma Centre of Endemism that is shared with coastal southern Tanzania, are known to support high numbers of endemic and highly range-restricted species. Here we investigate the taxonomic status of three...Darbyshire, Iain ; Goyder, David J. ; Wood, John R.I. ; Banze, Aurélio ; Burrows, John E.
Mozambique, Cabo Delgado , endemic , Tanzania, IUCN Red List, coastal dry forest, Rovuma, and taxonomy
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2020
Journal article
Combining the small South American genus Androtrichum into Cyperus (Cyperaceae)
Background and aims – Molecular phylogenetic studies have provided a clearer understanding of the complex relationships within the family Cyperaceae. These studies have consistently shown that 12 allied genera are nested in the genus Cyperus. However, early Sanger sequencing-based phylogenies that included the two species of the small South American...Pereira-Silva, Luciana ; Trevisan, Rafael ; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia ; Larridon, Isabel
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2020
Journal article
What drives diversification in a pantropical plant lineage with extraordinary capacity for long‐distance dispersal and colonization?
Aim Colonization of new areas may entail shifts in diversification rates linked to biogeographical movement (dispersification), which may involve niche evolution if species were not exapted to new environments. Scleria (Cyperaceae) includes c. 250 species and has a pantropical distribution suggesting an extraordinary capacity for long‐distance dispersal and colonization. We...Larridon, Isabel ; Galán Díaz, Javier ; Bauters, Kenneth ; Escudero, Marcial
niche evolution, dispersification, biogeography, ancestral range estimation , Cyperaceae, and nutrushes
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2020
Journal article
Setting scientific names at all taxonomic ranks in italics facilitates their quick recognition in scientific papers
It is common practice in scientific journals to print genus and species names in italics. This is not only historical as species names were traditionally derived from Greek or Latin. Importantly, it also facilitates the rapid recognition of genus and species names when skimming through manuscripts. However, names above the...Thines, Marco ; Aoki, Takayuki ; Crous, Pedro W. ; Hyde, Kevin D. ; Lücking, Robert …
Publication standards, Scientific practice, Italics, Scientific names, and Format of names of taxa
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2020
Journal article
To clean or not to clean: Cleaning open‐source data improves extinction risk assessments for threatened plant species
Plants are under‐represented in conservation efforts, with only 9% of described species published on the IUCN Red List. Biodiversity aggregators including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the more recent Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) contain a wealth of potentially useful occurrence data. We investigate the influence of...Panter, Connor T. ; Clegg, Rosemary L. ; Moat, Justin ; Bachman, Steven P. ; Klitgård, Bente B. …
IUCN red list, extinction risk, extent of occurrence, Bolivia , open‐source data, BIEN , and GBIF
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2020
Journal article
Current knowledge, status, and future for plant and fungal diversity in Great Britain and the UK Overseas Territories
Societal Impact Statement We rely on plants and fungi for most aspects of our lives. Yet plants and fungi are under threat, and we risk losing species before we know their identity, roles, and potential uses. Knowing names, distributions, and threats are first steps toward effective conservation action. Accessible products... -
2020
Journal article
Born to Eat Wild: An Integrated Conservation Approach to Secure Wild Food Plants for Food Security and Nutrition.
Overlooked in national reports and in conservation programs, wild food plants (WFPs) have been a vital component of food and nutrition security for centuries. Recently, several countries have reported on the widespread and regular consumption of WFPs, particularly by rural and indigenous communities but also in urban contexts. They are...Borelli, Teresa ; Hunter, Danny ; Powell, Bronwen ; Ulian, Tiziana ; Mattana, Efisio …
Policy, Nutrition data, Multi-sectoral collaboration, Wild food plants, Food security, and Conservation
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2020
Journal article
Contrasted histories of organelle and nuclear genomes underlying physiological diversification in a grass species
C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently in angiosperms, but most origins are relatively old so that the early events linked to photosynthetic diversification are blurred. The grass Alloteropsis semialata is an exception, as this species encompasses C4 and non-C4 populations. Using phylogenomics and population genomics, we infer the history of...Bianconi, Matheus E. ; Dunning, Luke T. ; Curran, Emma V. ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Powell, Robyn F. …
polyploidy, miombo woodlands, phylogenomics, C4 photosynthesis, phylogeography, and admixture
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2020
Journal article
Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals drove the asymmetry of the Great American Biotic Interchange.
The interchange between the previously disconnected faunas of North and South America was a massive experiment in biological invasion. A major gap in our understanding of this invasion is why there was a drastic increase in the proportion of mammals of North American origin found in South America. Four nonmutually... -
2020
Journal article
sampbias, a method for quantifying geographic sampling biases in species distribution data
Geo‐referenced species occurrences from public databases have become essential to biodiversity research and conservation. However, geographical biases are widely recognized as a factor limiting the usefulness of such data for understanding species diversity and distribution. In particular, differences in sampling intensity across a landscape due to differences in human accessibility...Zizka, Alexander ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Silvestro, Daniele
collection effort, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), roadside bias, presence only data, and sampling intensity
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2020
Journal article
iucn_sim: a new program to simulate future extinctions based on IUCN threat status
The ongoing environmental crisis poses an urgent need to forecast the who, where and when of future species extinctions, as such information is crucial for targeting conservation efforts. Commonly, such forecasts are made based on conservation status assessments produced by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, when...Andermann, Tobias ; Faurby, Søren ; Cooke, Robert ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Antonelli, Alexandre
generation length, extinction, MCMC, Bayesian , Aves , and IUCN
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2020
Journal article
raxmlGUI 2.0: A graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML
raxmlGUI is a graphical user interface to RAxML, one of the most popular and widely used softwares for phylogenetic inference using maximum likelihood. Here we present raxmlGUI 2.0, a complete rewrite of the GUI which seamlessly integrates RAxML binaries for all major operating systems with an intuitive graphical front‐end to...Edler, Daniel ; Klein, Johannes ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Silvestro, Daniele
phylogenetics, evolutionary biology, software, bioinformatics, and molecular biology
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2020
Journal article
The rise of angiosperms pushed conifers to decline during global cooling
Competition among species and entire clades can impact species diversification and extinction, which can shape macroevolutionary patterns. The fossil record shows successive biotic turnovers such that a dominant group is replaced by another. One striking example involves the decline of gymnosperms and the rapid diversification and ecological dominance of angiosperms...Condamine, Fabien L. ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Koppelhus, Eva B. ; Antonelli, Alexandre
macroevolution, competition, paleoenvironment, and gymnosperms
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2020
Journal article
Selecting for useful properties of plants and fungi – Novel approaches, opportunities, and challenges
Societal Impact Statement For millennia, humans have used plants and fungi, as foods, fuels, fibers, and medicines; and have developed techniques for improving their usefulness to our species, mostly through selection of desirable traits. With human populations forecast to rise, the availability of arable land likely to fall amid climate... -
2020
Journal article
The Pathopharmacological Interplay between Vanadium and Iron in Parkinson’s Disease Models.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology is characterised by distinct types of cellular defects, notably associated with oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction, leading to the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain’s substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Exposure to some environmental toxicants and heavy metals has been associated with PD pathogenesis....Ohiomokhare, Samuel ; Olaolorun, Francis ; Ladagu, Amany ; Olopade, Funmilayo ; Howes, Melanie-Jayne R. …
Oxidative stress, Vanadium, RONS, Parkinson’s, Mitochondria, Iron, and Motor activity
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2020
Journal article
Insect pollination is important in a smallholder bean farming system
Background Many crops are dependent on pollination by insects. Habitat management in agricultural landscapes can support pollinator services and even augment crop production. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume for the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many low-income countries, particularly so in East Africa. While this...Elisante, Filemon ; Ndakidemi, Patrick ; Arnold, Sarah E. J. ; Belmain, Steven R. ; Gurr, Geoff M. …
Ecology, Biodiversity, Ecosystem Science, Agricultural Science, Research article, and Entomology
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2020
Journal article
Differential Interpretation of Mountain Temperatures by Endospermic Seeds of Three Endemic Species Impacts the Timing of In Situ Germination
Predicting seed germination in the field is a critical part of anticipating the impact of climate change on the timing of wild species regeneration. We combined thermal time and soil heat sum models of seed germination for three endemic Mediterranean mountain species with endospermic seeds and morphophysiological dormancy: Aquilegia barbaricina,... -
2020
Journal article
RIP mutated ITS genes in populations of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and their implications for molecular systematics
Different hypotheses have been proposed to interpret the observed unusual ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences in Ophiocordyceps sinensis. The coexistence of diverged ITS paralogs in a single genome was previously shown by amplifying the ITS region from mono-ascospore isolates using specific primers designed for different ITS paralog groups. Among those...Li, Yi ; Jiang, Lan ; Wang, Ke ; Wu, Hai-Jun ; Yang, Rui-Heng …
ITS pseudogene, Caterpillar fungus , Phylogeny, Cordyceps sinensis , and Haplotype
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2020
Journal article
Molecules from nature: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and global healthcare imperatives for sustainable use of medicinal plants and fungi.
Societal Impact Statement Plants and fungi have provided, or inspired, key pharmaceuticals for global health challenges, including cancer, heart disease, dementia, and malaria, and are valued as traditional medicines worldwide. Global demand for medicinal plants and fungi has threatened certain species, contributing to biodiversity loss and depletion of natural resources... -
2020
Journal article
The state of the world’s urban ecosystems: What can we learn from trees, fungi, and bees?
Social Impact Statement Positive interactions between people and nature inspire behaviours that are in harmony with biodiversity conservation and also afford physical and mental health benefits. Since most people live in towns and cities, urban greenspaces are key points of influence for conservation, but also provide diverse ecosystem services. City... -
2020
Journal article
No one-size-fits-all solution to clean GBIF.
Species occurrence records provide the basis for many biodiversity studies. They derive from georeferenced specimens deposited in natural history collections and visual observations, such as those obtained through various mobile applications. Given the rapid increase in availability of such data, the control of quality and accuracy constitutes a particular concern.... -
2020
Journal article
Phenolic Compounds Content and Genetic Diversity at Population Level across the Natural Distribution Range of Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Ericaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula
Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) is a medicinal plant traditionally employed for the treatment of urinary tract infections due to high contents of arbutin (hydroquinone β-D-glucoside), which is now mainly used as a natural skin-whitening agent in cosmetics. Bearberry has also been proposed as a natural antioxidant additive due to the high...Asensio, Esther ; Vitales, Daniel ; Pérez, Iván ; Peralba, Laia ; Viruel, Juan …
haplotypes, arbutin, natural antioxidants, genome size, and genetic and phytochemical variability
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2020
Journal article
Iris sanguinea is conspecific with I. sibirica (Iridaceae) according to morphology and plastid DNA sequence data
A taxonomic revision of Iris subser. Sibiricae is provided based on morphological and molecular analyses and the study of protologues and original material. Two to three species have been recognized in this subseries by botanists. To address the question of species delimitations and relationships within this group, we analyzed four...Boltenkov, Eugeny ; Artyukova, Elena ; Kozyrenko, Marina ; Erst, Andrey ; Trias-Blasi, Anna
Plant Science, Molecular Biology, Taxonomy, and Research article
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2020
Journal article
Native trees of Mexico: diversity, distribution, uses and conservation
Background Mexico is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world. Despite significant contributions made on the understanding of its unique flora, the knowledge on its diversity, geographic distribution and human uses, is still largely fragmented. Unfortunately, deforestation is heavily impacting this country and native tree species...Tellez, Oswaldo ; Mattana, Efisio ; Diazgranados, Mauricio ; Kühn, Nicola ; Castillo-Lorenzo, Elena …
Plant Science, Biodiversity, Biogeography, Conservation Biology, and Research article