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2021
Journal article
The Implications of Interrelated Assumptions on Estimates of Divergence Times and Rates of Diversification.
Phylogenies are increasingly being used as a basis to provide insight into macroevolutionary history. Here, we use simulation experiments and empirical analyses to evaluate methods that use phylogenies as a basis to make estimates of divergence times and rates of diversification. This is the first study to present a comprehensive...Carruthers, Tom ; Scotland, Robert W
Divergence time estimation, Phylogeny, Macroevolution, Diversification rates, and Macroevolutionary history
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2021
Journal article
Uncertainty in Divergence Time Estimation.
Understanding and representing uncertainty is crucial in academic research because it enables studies to build on the conclusions of previous studies, leading to robust advances in a particular field. Here, we evaluate the nature of uncertainty and the manner by which it is represented in divergence time estimation, a field...Carruthers, Tom ; Scotland, Robert W
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2022
Journal article
Species as a Heuristic: Reconciling Theory and Practice.
Species are crucial to most branches of biological research, yet remain controversial in terms of definition, delimitation, and reality. The difficulty of resolving the “species problem” stems from the tension between their theoretical concept as groups of evolving and highly variable organisms and the practical need for a stable and...Wells, Tom ; Carruthers, Tom ; Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo ; Sumadijaya, Alex ; Wood, John R I …
Heuristic, Species problem, Cohesion, Homeostasis, and Lineage