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Journal article
Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple.
Enset (Ensete ventricosum, Musaceae) is an African crop that currently provides the staple food for approx. 20 million Ethiopians. Whilst wild enset grows over much of East and Southern Africa and the genus extends across Asia to China, it has only ever been domesticated in the Ethiopian Highlands. Here, smallholder... -
Journal article
The Manokwari Declaration: Challenges ahead in conserving 70% of Tanah Papua’s forests
The Manokwari Declaration is an unprecedented pledge by the governors of Indonesia’s two New Guinea provinces to promote conservation and become SE Asia’s new Costa Rica. This is an exciting, yet challenging endeavour that will require working on many fronts that transcend single disciplines. Because Indonesian New Guinea has the...Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo ; Schuiteman, Andre ; Utteridge, Timothy ; Bramley, Gemma ; Deverell, Richard …
Policy, Manokwari Declaration, Biodiversity, Conservation planning, and Indigenous peoples
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Journal article
The climatic challenge: Which plants will people use in the next century?
More than 31,000 useful plant species have been documented to fulfil needs and services for humans or the animals and environment we depend on. Despite this diversity, humans currently satisfy most requirements with surprisingly few plant species; for example, just three crops – rice, wheat and maize – comprise more... -
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Research report
Exploring the Impact of Political Regimes on Biodiversity
National governments are the main actors responsible for mapping and protecting their biodiversity, but countries differ in their capacity, willingness, and effectiveness to do so. We quantify the global biodiversity managed by different regime types and developed a tool to explore the links between level of democracy and other key...Zizka, Alexander ; Rydén, Oskar ; Edler, Daniel ; Klein, Johannes ; Aronsson, Heléne …
Democracy, Regime type, Autocracy, Specimen collection, and Biodiversity
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Journal article
Top-down and bottom-up processes to implement biological monitoring in protected areas
Achieving biodiversity conservation objectives and targets requires environmental management agencies to undertake monitoring. Several management practices have been used but are they successful? Using SANParks as an example, we focus on three cases of national parks that use different techniques to implement environmental monitoring. We assessed a top-down, bottom-up and...Cowell, Carly ; Bissett, Charlene ; Ferreira, Sam M.
Adaptive management, METT, Biodiversity, Bottom-up, Top-down, and Integrated monitoring
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Journal article
Lessons learned as Erica turgida is returned.
Erica turgida, a small unassuming pink bushy heath species was listed as ‘Extinct in the Wild’ in 1996. It was last seen in habitat at Kenilworth Racecourse by South African botanist, Elsie Esterhuizen who made an herbarium collection and gave material for propagation to Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden. It once occurred...Hitchcock, Anthony ; Williams, Jenny ; Cowell, Carly
Restoration, Re-introduction, Ericaceae, South Africa, Fynbos, Biodiversity, and Cape Town (South Africa)
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Journal article
The Egyptian Ascomycota 1: Genus Aspergillus
Since Pier Antonio Micheli described and published genus Aspergillus in Nova Plantarum Genera in 1729 the genus attracted an immense interest. The published Egyptian literature on the genus is scattered and fragmentary. By screening the available sources of information since 1921, it was possible to figure out a range of...Abdel-Azeem, Ahmed ; Abu-Elsaoud, Abdelghafar ; Darwish, Amira ; Balbool, Bassem ; Abo Nouh, Fatma …
check-list, Moubasher, Novel taxa, Biodiversity, Literature, Taxonomy, and Herbaria catalogues
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Journal article
New Guinea has the world’s richest island flora
New Guinea is the world’s largest tropical island and has fascinated naturalists for centuries. Home to some of the best-preserved ecosystems on the planet3 and to intact ecological gradients—from mangroves to tropical alpine grasslands—that are unmatched in the Asia-Pacific region4,5, it is a globally recognized centre of biological and cultural... -
Journal article
Native trees of Mexico: diversity, distribution, uses and conservation
Background Mexico is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world. Despite significant contributions made on the understanding of its unique flora, the knowledge on its diversity, geographic distribution and human uses, is still largely fragmented. Unfortunately, deforestation is heavily impacting this country and native tree species...Tellez, Oswaldo ; Mattana, Efisio ; Diazgranados, Mauricio ; Kühn, Nicola ; Castillo-Lorenzo, Elena …
Plant Science, Biodiversity, Biogeography, Conservation Biology, and Research article
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Journal article
Insect pollination is important in a smallholder bean farming system
Background Many crops are dependent on pollination by insects. Habitat management in agricultural landscapes can support pollinator services and even augment crop production. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume for the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many low-income countries, particularly so in East Africa. While this...Elisante, Filemon ; Ndakidemi, Patrick ; Arnold, Sarah E. J. ; Belmain, Steven R. ; Gurr, Geoff M. …
Ecology, Biodiversity, Ecosystem Science, Agricultural Science, Research article, and Entomology
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Research report
IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0: descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups
Ecosystems are critically important components of Earth’s biological diversity and as the natural capital that sustains human life and well-being. Yet all of the world’s ecosystems show hallmarks of human influence, and many are under acute risks of collapse, with consequences for habitats of species, genetic diversity, ecosystem services, sustainable...Keith, David A. ; Ferrer-Paris, Jose R. ; Nicholson, Emily ; Kingsford, Richard T.
Classification, Freshwater, Red Data/Red List, Biome, Biodiversity, Terrestrial ecosystems, Marine, and Ecosystems
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Journal article
Relationships between resource availability and elevation vary between metrics creating gradients of nutritional complexity
Plant and animal community composition changes at higher elevations on mountains. Plant and animal species richness generally declines with elevation, but the shape of the relationship differs between taxa. There are several proposed mechanisms, including the productivity hypotheses; that declines in available plant biomass confers fewer resources to consumers, thus...Lee, Mark A. ; Burger, Grace ; Green, Emma R. ; Kooij, Pepijn W.
Grassland , Biodiversity, Protein, Forage, and Altitude
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Journal article
Delimiting the genera of the Ficinia Clade (Cypereae, Cyperaceae) based on molecular phylogenetic data
Generic delimitations in the Ficinia Clade of tribe Cypereae are revisited. In particular, we aim to establish the placement of annual species currently included in Isolepis of which the phylogenetic position is uncertain. Phylogenetic inference is based on two nuclear markers (ETS, ITS) and five plastid markers (the genes matK,...Muasya, A. Muthama ; Larridon, Isabel
Plant Science, Biodiversity, Evolutionary Studies, and Research article
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Journal article
Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon
This is the first revision in more than 100 years of the African genus Pseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Closely related to Anchomanes, Pseudohydrosme is distinct from Anchomanes because of its 2-3-locular ovary (vs. unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (vs. exposed,...Cheek, Martin ; Tchiengué, Barthélemy ; van der Burgt, Xander
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Journal article
Green Plants in the Red: A Baseline Global Assessment for the IUCN Sampled Red List Index for Plants.
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Other
Samara no. 22
The newsletter of the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP). Samara provides information and inspiration for MSBP partners, usually each issue is themed. It also gives a flavour of the successes of the MSBP for other interested recipients. The theme of this issue is climate change.Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, Seed banks, Biodiversity, Ex situ conservation, and Climate change
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Other
The Bean Bag no. 26
The BB is designed to promote communication among research scientists concerned with legume systematics. To achieve this goal the BB is issued in May and November of each year and features five columns: From the Editors, News (meetings, major events, announcements, etc.), New Readers, Gleanings, and Recent Legume Literature. Data... -
Policy report
Kew and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.
Plants and fungi are essential for life on Earth and provide natural resources such as food, medicine and clean water. They sustain life through oxygen, carbon and nutrient cycling, and support human well-being. Kew is working with partners in more than 100 countries, through a dedicated team of over 300...Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework, Plant conservation, Biodiversity, and Global Strategy for Plant Conservation
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Research report
Unlocking why plants and fungi matter : impacts from Kew Science 2012-2018.
In this booklet we seek to illustrate, through selected examples, how a combination of Kew’s extensive collections, databases, scientific expertise and global partnerships have enabled us to make an invaluable and relevant contribution to research, conservation and training in plant and fungal science, addressing some of the biggest challenges facing...Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Plant uses, Economic botany, Policy, Plant conservation, Biodiversity, Plant diversity, Public awareness, and Fungal diversity
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Journal article
Assessing Biotic and Abiotic Interactions of Microorganisms in Amazonia through Co-Occurrence Networks and DNA Metabarcoding.
Duarte Ritter, Camila ; Forster, Dominik ; Azevedo, Josué A. R. ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Nilsson, R. Henrik …
Fungi, Bacterias, Biodiversity, Protists, Metabarcoding, and Tropics
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Journal article
The potential for income improvement and biodiversity conservation via specialty coffee in Ethiopia.
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Journal article
Beneficial insects are associated with botanically rich margins with trees on small farms.
Beneficial insect communities on farms are influenced by site- and landscape-level factors, with pollinator and natural enemy populations often associated with semi-natural habitat remnants. They provide ecosystem services essential for all groecosystems. For smallholders, natural pest regulation may be the only affordable and available option to manage pests. We evaluated...Arnold, Sarah E. J. ; Elisante, Filemon ; Mkenda, Prisila A. ; Tembo, Yolice L. B. ; Ndakidemi, Patrick A. …
Community ecology, Biodiversity, Ecosystem services, Agroecology, and Beneficial insects
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Journal article
Distribution changes in páramo plants from the equatorial high Andes in response to increasing temperature and humidity variation since 1880.
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Journal article
Colombia’s bioregions as a source of useful plants.
The aim of our study was to assess the importance of different Colombian bioregions in terms of the supply of useful plant species and the quality of the available distribution data. We assembled a dataset of georeferenced collection localities of all vascular plants of Colombia available from global and local... -
Journal article
Plant Diversity Conservation Challenges and Prospects—The Perspective of Botanic Gardens and the Millennium Seed Bank.
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Journal article
Kupeantha yabassi (Coffeeae-Rubiaceae), a new Critically Endangered shrub species of the Ebo Forest area, Littoral Region, Cameroon.
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Journal article
Identifying gaps in the photographic record of the vascular plant flora of the Americas.
Pitman, Nigel C. A. ; Suwa, Tomomi ; Ulloa Ulloa, Carmen ; Miller, James ; Solomon, James …
Databases , Americas, Vascular plants, Biodiversity, Research management, and Natural variation in plants
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Journal article
The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity.
The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) is a comprehensive list of scientifically described plant species, compiled over four decades, from peer-reviewed literature, authoritative scientific databases, herbaria and observations, then reviewed by experts. It is a vital tool to facilitate plant diversity research, conservation and effective management, including sustainable use...Govaerts, Rafaël ; Nic Lughadha, Eimear ; Black, Nicholas ; Turner, Robert ; Paton, Alan
Biodiversity, Data publication and archiving, Plant ecology, and Classification and taxonomy
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Journal article
Exploring Effective Conservation of Charismatic Flora: Orchids in Armenia as a Case Study.
Plants are the bedrock of life on Earth but are increasingly threatened with extinction. The most cost-effective way of conserving plant diversity is through Protected Areas (PAs). However, the locality, size, and management of PAs are crucial for effectively maintaining diversity and have been criticized as currently inadequate. Using Armenia...Faruk, Aisyah ; Papikyan, Astghik ; Nersesyan, Anush
Species Distribution Models (SDMs), KBAs, Important plant areas, Caucasus, Biodiversity, QGIS, Exceptional species, Protected Area, and Endemics
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Journal article
An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants.
An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants is presented. It was compiled referring to several information sources such as existing literature, relevant online databases and herbaria collections. The checklist includes 7,099 taxa (5,957 species, 605 subspecies, 537 varieties), belonging to 226 families and 1,746 genera. There are 6,804 angiosperms, 257...Odorico, Délcio ; Nicosia, Enrico ; Datizua, Castigo ; Langa, Clayton ; Raiva, Raquel …
Mozambique, Vascular plants, Flora, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, and Checklist
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Journal article
Soil fauna accelerate litter mixture decomposition globally, especially in dry environments.
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Journal article
Sequence locally, think globally: The Darwin Tree of Life Project.
The goals of the Earth Biogenome Project—to sequence the genomes of all eukaryotic life on earth—are as daunting as they are ambitious. The Darwin Tree of Life Project was founded to demonstrate the credibility of these goals and to deliver at-scale genome sequences of unprecedented quality for a biogeographic region:...The Darwin Tree of Life Project Consortium
Genome, Darwin Tree of Life Project, Biodiversity, Assembly, and Sequencing
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Research report
ESPECIES DE PLANTAS Y HONGOS útiles y de interés para las comunidades de tres lugares biodiversos de COLOMBIA.
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Journal article
Fortuitous Alignment: The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Sustainable Development Goals.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are aimed at improving human well-being at a global scale, whilst enhancing and preserving global biodiversity. Recently, botanic gardens worldwide have become more conservation focused, and gardens are increasingly influential in scientific roles that address both biodiversity loss and human well-being—particularly in urban areas. As... -
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Journal article
ITS-based assessment of Madagascar’s fungal diversity and arrival of ectomycorrhizal fungi to the island [PREPRINT].
Madagascar is known for its high diversity and endemism of Fauna and Flora, which makes it particularly interesting for research on diversity and evolution. Fungi, however, have been largely overlooked, and whether fungi exhibit the same patterns as animals and plants has yet to be further examined. We collected fungal...Opportunistic survey, Madagascar, Ectomycorrhizal fungi, and Biodiversity
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Journal issue
Drivers of exceptional Neotropical biodiversity.
Linnean Society
Evolution, Biodiversity, and Neotropics
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Journal article
Diversidad de comunidades de palmas en el Chocó biogeográfico y su relación con la precipitación.
Los bosques tropicales del Chocó biogeográfico presentan una de las mayores concentraciones de especies de plantas del mundo. Las palmas (Arecaceae) son una de las familias más importantes en las tierras bajas del Chocó, pero su ecología está poco estudiada. Investigamos la diversidad de comunidades de palmas en el Chocó...Palmae, Tropical forests, Biodiversity, Colombia, Arecaceae, Neotropic, and Community ecology
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Journal article
Variability, host range, delimitation and neotypification of Amanita simulans (Amanita section Vaginatae): collections associated with Helianthemum grasslands, and epitypification of A. lividopallescens.
Several collections of Amanita species from section Vaginatae have been reported to be strictly associated with Helianthemum plants growing in grasslands, a still largely under-explored ectomycorrhizal habitat. The main aim of this study was to investigate the taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of strictly Helianthemum-associated Amanita sect. Vaginatae taxa, informally...Pluteoid clade, Fungi, Basidiomycota, ITS sequences, Amanita lividopallescens, Biodiversity, Amanita simulans, Taxonomy, Pluteineae, and Amanitaceae
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Journal article
Seychellaria barbata (Triuridaceae), a new species from Marojejy National Park, Madagascar.
Seychellaria barbata, a new species of Triuridaceae, is described and illustrated. The species was discovered in 2015 during fieldwork in Marojejy National Park (Northern Madagascar). Seychellaria barbata possesses long hairs at the apex and margins of the larger tepals of male flowers, whereas all its congeners are characterized by glabrous...Conservation, Key words, Madagascar, Marojejy National Park, Flora, Biodiversity, Seychellaria, Mycoheterotrophic plants, Inflorescence, Taxonomy, and Bracteole
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Journal article
A synopsis of Oxypetalum (Apocynaceae) in Bolivia, with the description of one new species and a key to species in Bolivia.
We present a synopsis of Oxypetalum (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) in Bolivia. In addition, one new species, Oxypetalum urceolatum, is described, illustrated, and compared to its putative closest relatives. Oxypetalum urceolatum forms a complex with O. erianthum, O. brachystemma, O. dactylostelma, O. dombeyanum, O. molle, O. pearsonii, and O. fuscum. Morphologically, O....New records, Asclepiadoideae, IUCN Red List, Bolivia, Oxypetalum urceolatum, Taxonomy, Eudicots, and Biodiversity
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Journal article
A synopsis of Philippine Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae).
Conservation, Species nova, Nomen novum, Typification, Taxonomy, Synonymy, and Biodiversity
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Journal article
“Manisa bozaka” or “Counting grass”: Global Grassy Group guide to understanding and measuring the functional and taxonomic composition of ground layer plants.
Grassy biomes span more than 40% of the global land surface and are central to people, biodiversity and Earth System functioning. There is however limited standardised measurement of herbaceous taxonomic and functional composition in grassy biomes that inhibits the development of a comparative understanding of grassy biomes among geographic regions.... -
Journal article
Global variation in diversification rate and species richness are unlinked in plants.
Species richness varies immensely around the world. Variation in the rate of diversification (speciation minus extinction) is often hypothesized to explain this pattern, while alternative explanations invoke time or ecological carrying capacities as drivers. Focusing on seed plants, the world’s most important engineers of terrestrial ecosystems, we investigated the role...Tietje, Melanie ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Baker, William J. ; Govaerts, Rafaël ; Smith, Stephen A. …
Diversification, Biogeography, Biodiversity, Macroecology, and Plant diversity drivers
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Journal article
SDG 1: No poverty balancing conservation and livelihoods in the Chimanimani Forest belt, Mozambique.
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Journal article
Plant genome size modulates grassland community responses to multi‐nutrient additions.
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Journal article
Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi.
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Journal article
A function-based typology for Earth’s ecosystems.
As the United Nations develops a post-2020 global biodiversity framework for the Convention on Biological Diversity, attention is focusing on how new goals and targets for ecosystem conservation might serve its vision of ‘living in harmony with nature’ . Advancing dual imperatives to conserve biodiversity and sustain ecosystem services requires...Keith, David A. ; Ferrer-Paris, José R. ; Nicholson, Emily ; Bishop, Melanie J. ; Polidoro, Beth A. …
Ecosystem ecology, Conservation biology, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem conservation
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Journal article
Using an Asteraceae checklist to understand collection history, species density and conservation implications: a case study in the state of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil.
Alagoas is a Brazilian state contained in the area of two large and important phytogeographic domains: Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. Although the presence of these domains possibly indicates a considerable biodiversity, floristic studies in the state are still scarce, especially for the family Asteraceae. In this sense, we developed a... -
Journal article
Prioritising species for monitoring in a South African protected area and the Red List for plants.
Protected areas (PA) in biodiversity hotspots face the challenge of monitoring large numbers of locally rare and threatened plant species at times with limited budgets. Prioritising species according to their local extinction risk could help PA managers to decide which species to monitor. However, there is often very little information...Cowell, Carly R. ; Nic Lughadha, Eimear ; Anderson, Pippin M. L. ; Leão, Tarciso ; Williams, Jenny …
IUCN Red List, South Africa, National Park, Fynbos, Protected area, and Biodiversity
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Journal article
The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset.
Here we provide the ‘Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset’, containing species mean values for six vascular plant traits. Together, these traits –plant height, stem specific density, leaf area, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content per dry mass, and diaspore (seed or spore) mass – define the... -
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Journal article
Evolutionary diversity of the endemic genera of the vascular flora of Chile and its implications for conservation.
As a direct consequence of global change, both natural and human-induced, a high percentage of biodiversity is now under threat worldwide. This has urged conservation planners to formulate and/or improve existing strategies to preserve species and their ecosystems. In this context, the present study focuses on two strategies using phylogeny-based... -
Journal article
DNA‐based fungal diversity in Madagascar and arrival of the ectomycorrhizal fungi to the island.
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Journal article
Cortinarius watsoneae, a new species of Agaricomycetes (Cortinariaceae) from the Gulf States.
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Abstract
Connecting the Dots: Aligning human capacity through networks toward a globally interoperable Digital Extended Specimen (DES) infrastructure.
Thanks to substantial support for biodiversity data mobilization in recent decades, billions of occurrence records are openly available, documenting life on Earth and enabling timely research, awareness raising, and policy-making. Initiatives across local to global scales have been separately funded to serve different, yet often overlapping audiences of data users,...Ellwood, Elizabeth R. ; Addink, Wouter ; Bates, John ; Bentley, Andrew ; Buschbom, Jutta …
Collaboration, Biodiversity, Digital Extended Specimen (DES), International partners, and Roadmap
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Journal article
Identifying Mozambique's most critical areas for plant conservation: An evaluation of protected areas and Important Plant Areas.
Successful protected area networks must represent biodiversity across taxonomic groups. However, too often plant species are overlooked in conservation planning, and the resulting protected areas may, as a result, fail to encompass the most important sites for plant diversity. The Mozambique Tropical Important Plant Areas project sought to promote the... -
Journal article
How diverse are the mountain karst forests of Mexico?
Tropical forests on karstic relief (tropical karst forest) are among the most species-rich biomes. These forests play pivotal roles as global climate regulators and for human wellbeing. Their long-term conservation could be central to global climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation. In Mexico, karst landscapes occupy 20% of the total land... -
Journal article
A multi-taxon analysis of European Red Lists reveals major threats to biodiversity.
Biodiversity loss is a major global challenge and minimizing extinction rates is the goal of several multilateral environmental agreements. Policy decisions require comprehensive, spatially explicit information on species’ distributions and threats. We present an analysis of the conservation status of 14,669 European terrestrial, freshwater and marine species (ca. 10% of... -
Journal article
Envisaging a global infrastructure to exploit the potential of digitised collections.
Tens of millions of images from biological collections have become available online over the last two decades. In parallel, there has been a dramatic increase in the capabilities of image analysis technologies, especially those involving machine learning and computer vision. While image analysis has become mainstream in consumer applications, it... -
Journal article
Undiscovered bird extinctions obscure the true magnitude of human-driven extinction waves.
Birds are among the best-studied animal groups, but their prehistoric diversity is poorly known due to low fossilization potential. Hence, while many human-driven bird extinctions (i.e., extinctions caused directly by human activities such as hunting, as well as indirectly through human-associated impacts such as land use change, fire, and the...