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The Bean Bag no. 18
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The Bean Bag no. 44
Editorship of The Bean Bag Terminated at the USDA Agricultural Research Service - In early December 1996, the two senior editors of. The Bean Bag were informed by their Research Leader, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, that they could not longer continue to... -
Research report
Kew Science publications for the academic year 2017-2018.
n the academic year 2017-2018, Kew scientists, in collaboration with numerous national and international research partners, published 358 papers in international peer reviewed journals and books. Here we bring together the abstracts of some of these papers. Due to space constraints we have included only those which are led by...Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bibliographies, Scientific publications, and Botany
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Other
Samara no. 27
The newsletter of the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP). Samara provides information and inspiration for MSBP partners, usually each issue is themed. It also gives a flavour of the successes of the MSBP for other interested recipients. The theme of this issue is rare and threatened plants.Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, Seed banks, Rare plants, Ex situ conservation, Endangered plants, and Plant conservation
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Other
Samara no. 26
The newsletter of the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP). Samara provides information and inspiration for MSBP partners, usually each issue is themed. It also gives a flavour of the successes of the MSBP for other interested recipients. The theme of this issue is useful plants.Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, Useful plants, Economic botany, Plant conservation, Ex situ conservation, and Seed banks
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Other
Samara no. 28
The newsletter of the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP). Samara provides information and inspiration for MSBP partners, usually each issue is themed. It also gives a flavour of the successes of the MSBP for other interested recipients. The theme of this issue is 15 years of the MSB Partnership.Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, Seed banks, Plant conservation, and Ex situ conservation
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Other
Samara no. 25
The newsletter of the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP). Samara provides information and inspiration for MSBP partners, usually each issue is themed. It also gives a flavour of the successes of the MSBP for other interested recipients. The theme of this issue is training.Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
Training, Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, Seed banks, Plant conservation, and Ex situ conservation
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Other
Samara no. 23
The newsletter of the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP). Samara provides information and inspiration for MSBP partners, usually each issue is themed. It also gives a flavour of the successes of the MSBP for other interested recipients. The theme of this issue is horticulture.Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, Seed banks, Plant conservation, Ex situ conservation, and Horticulture
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Other
Samara no. 22
The newsletter of the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP). Samara provides information and inspiration for MSBP partners, usually each issue is themed. It also gives a flavour of the successes of the MSBP for other interested recipients. The theme of this issue is climate change.Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, Seed banks, Biodiversity, Ex situ conservation, and Climate change
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Research report
Unlocking why plants and fungi matter : impacts from Kew Science 2012-2018.
In this booklet we seek to illustrate, through selected examples, how a combination of Kew’s extensive collections, databases, scientific expertise and global partnerships have enabled us to make an invaluable and relevant contribution to research, conservation and training in plant and fungal science, addressing some of the biggest challenges facing...Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Plant uses, Economic botany, Policy, Plant conservation, Biodiversity, Plant diversity, Public awareness, and Fungal diversity
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Book
A maloca entre artefatos e plantas : guia da coleção Rio Negro de Richard Spruce em Londres.
A publicação é resultado das atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do projeto de repatriação digital de coleções bioculturais, isto é, coleções de objetos feitos com matérias-primas provenientes de plantas e animais, que foram coletados na Amazônia brasileira, no passado, e que hoje se encontram guardados em instituições na Europa. O guia... -
Policy report
Science Strategy 2021-2025.
Life on Earth is in peril. Never before have so many challenges manifested themselves so clearly and intensively. Every year, millions of hectares of forest are lost; fire devastates huge swathes of natural habitats; floods and hurricanes hit our cities; heat and drought reduce our harvests; people struggle to feed...Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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Journal article
A monograph of Heterospathe (Areceae, Arecaceae) in New Guinea
A revision of the genus Heterospathe Scheff. in New Guinea and immediately adjacent islands is presented. We recognise 14 species for this area. Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes are outlined, and each species is thoroughly described, mapped and illustrated. A key to the species in the area is included as well...Petoe, Peter ; Baker, William
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Journal article
The composition of the aphid fauna (Insecta, Hemiptera) of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
At least a dozen species of aphids (Insecta, Hemiptera) of non-native origin have expanded their range in Europe, however the importance of botanic gardens in this phenomenon has not been studied previously in detail. As a case study, investigations on the species composition and host range of Aphidomorpha in the...Wieczorek, Karina ; Fulcher, Tim ; Chłond, Dominik
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Journal article
Two new species, Cyrtandra bungahijau and C. vittata, and notes on Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from Yapen Island, Indonesia
Two new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) are described; one apparently endemic to Yapen Island, Tanah Papua, the other present in Tanah Papua and in Papua New Guinea: both species are described and illustrated, and preliminary conservation assessments given. Notes on the identity of other known collections of Cyrtandra from Yapen...Atkins, H ; Heatubun, C ; Galloway, L ; Bramley, Gemma
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Journal article
Solid-State Biology and Seed Longevity: A Mechanical Analysis of Glasses in Pea and Soybean Embryonic Axes
The cytoplasm of anhydrobiotes (organisms that persist in the absence of water) solidifies during drying. Despite this stabilization, anhydrobiotes vary in how long they persist while dry. In this paper, we call upon concepts currently used to explain stability of amorphous solids (also known as glasses) in synthetic polymers, foods,...Ballesteros, Daniel ; Walters, Christina
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Journal article
Assessing Specialized Metabolite Diversity in the Cosmopolitan Plant Genus Euphorbia L.
Coevolutionary theory suggests that an arms race between plants and herbivores yields increased plant specialized metabolite diversity and the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution predicts that coevolutionary interactions vary across geographic scales. Consequently, plant specialized metabolite diversity is expected to be highest in coevolutionary hotspots, geographic regions, which exhibit strong...Ernst, Madeleine ; Nothias, Louis-Félix ; van der Hooft, Justin ; Silva, Ricardo ; Saslis-Lagoudakis, Haris …
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Journal article
The rediscovery and delimitation of Elatostema setulosum W.T.Wang (Urticaceae)
Of the 280 species of Elatostema documented in China, 189 are known only from a single collection. Elatostemasetulosum is one such species, having been known only from the type collection for nearly half a century, until recent field investigations in Guangxi. Due to its morphological similarity to E.huanjiangense and E.tetracephalum,...Fu, Long-Fei ; Monro, Alexandre ; Wen, Fang ; Xin, Zi-Bing ; Wei, Yi-Gang …
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae)
Mischogyne (Annonaceae, tribe Monodoreae) is a genus of small- to medium-sized tropical trees and shrubs. It is characterised by a combination of: (1) stamens and carpels on a more or less extended torus; (2) carpels divergent from each other at the apex of the torus above the anthers; (3) anthers...Gosline, George ; Marshall, Andrew R. ; Larridon, Isabel
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
The viability of a breeding programme for ash in the British Isles in the face of ash dieback
To evaluate the viability and feasibility of a future breeding programme to produce trees resistant to an emerging pest or pathogen, it is helpful to ask the following questions: How much variation in resistance exists in tree populations? To what extent is this resistance heritable? How many genetic loci are...Plumb, William J. ; Coker, Timothy L. R. ; Stocks, Jonathan ; Woodcock, Paul ; Quine, Christopher …
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Journal article
A Target Capture-Based Method to Estimate Ploidy From Herbarium Specimens
Whole genome duplication (WGD) events are common in many plant lineages, but the ploidy status and possible occurrence of intraspecific ploidy variation are unknown for most species. Standard methods for ploidy determination are chromosome counting and flow cytometry approaches. While flow cytometry approaches typically use fresh tissue, an increasing number...Viruel, Juan ; Conejero, María ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Pokorny, Lisa ; Powell, Robyn …
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Journal article
A revision of the Crepidorhopalon whytei complex (Linderniaceae) in eastern Africa
The Crepidorhopalon whytei (Linderniaceae) species complex is revised using morphological analyses. Based primarily on variations in indumentum, floral morphology, corolla colour and seed morphology, four species are formally recognised within this group in eastern Africa. Crepidorhopalon whytei s.str. is widespread in the highlands of eastern Africa, extending from South Sudan...Darbyshire, Iain ; Wursten, B. ; Luke, Q. ; Fischer, E.
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Journal article
A synopsis of Polysphaeria (Rubiaceae) in Mozambique, including two new species
The genus Polysphaeria is investigated in Mozambique based on detailed morphological studies of herbarium specimens, resulting in the recognition of two new species. The first, P. ribauensis, is based on Kraussia sp. A of Flora Zambesiaca and is endemic to the Ribáuè Mountains of Nampula Province. The second, P. harrisii,...Darbyshire, Iain ; Langa, Clayton ; Romeiras, Maria
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Journal article
Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution
Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfil diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolutionary history are poorly known,...Varga, Torda ; Krizsán, Krisztina ; Földi, Csenge ; Dima, Bálint ; Sánchez-García, Marisol …
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Journal article
Population structure of Betula albosinensis and Betula platyphylla: evidence for hybridization and a cryptic lineage
Background and Aims Differences in local abundance and ploidy level are predicted to impact the direction of introgression between species. Here, we tested these hypotheses on populations of Betula albosinensis (red birch) and Betula platyphylla (white birch) which were thought to differ in ploidy level, the former being tetraploid and...Hu, Ya-Nan ; Zhao, Lei ; Buggs, Richard ; Zhang, Xue-Min ; Li, Jun …
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Journal article
Current and future potential distributions of three Dracaena Vand. ex L. species under two contrasting climate change scenarios in Africa
Forest undergrowth plants are tightly connected with the shady and humid conditions that occur under the canopy of tropical forests. However, projected climatic changes, such as decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature, negatively affect understory environments by promoting light‐demanding and drought‐tolerant species. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the influence of climate...Bogawski, Paweł ; Damen, Theo ; Nowak, Maciej ; Pędziwiatr, Katarzyna ; Wilkin, Paul …
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Journal article
Coping with ill-health: health care facility, chemist or medicinal plants? Health-seeking behaviour in a Kenyan wetland
Background Sub-Saharan African wetlands, settlement areas to growing populations, expose their users to diseases as necessary health infrastructure remains underdeveloped. Methods Mixed methods were adopted to assess the health-seeking behaviour of different exposure groups (farmers, pastoralists, service sector workers) in a Kenyan wetland community. Based on a cross-sectional survey (n = 400),...Anthonj, Carmen ; Giovannini, Peter ; Kistemann, Thomas
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Journal article
Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands
Solanum L. (Solanaceae) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and presents difficulties in identification due to lack of regional keys to all groups. Here we provide keys to all 135 species of Solanum native and naturalised in Africa (as defined by World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions):...Knapp, Sandra ; Vorontsova, Maria S. ; Särkinen, Tiina
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Journal article
Phylogenomic Relationships of Diploids and the Origins of Allotetraploids in Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)
Disentangling phylogenetic relationships proves challenging for groups that have evolved recently, especially if there is ongoing reticulation. Although they are in most cases immediately isolated from diploid relatives, sets of sibling allopolyploids often hybridize with each other, thereby increasing the complexity of an already challenging situation. Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) is...Brandrud, Marie K ; Baar, Juliane ; Lorenzo, Maria T ; Athanasiadis, Alexander ; Bateman, Richard M …
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Journal article
Ex situ conservation storage potential of Saxifraga cernua (Saxifragaceae) bulbils from alpine species
In high latitude and alpine environments many plants show an increase in viviparous reproduction in response to harsh environmental conditions. Low or no seed set means that ex situ conservation in the form of seed banking is not a conservation option for such species. We investigated the potential for bulbils...Breman, Elinor ; Détraz-Méroz, Jacqueline ; Terry, Janet ; Lambelet, Catherine
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Journal article
Effects of Bird Traits on Seed Dispersal of Endangered Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. with Ex-Situ and In-Situ Conservation
Biodiversity is rapidly decreasing worldwide. Its great importance has been attached to conservation through in-situ and ex-situ management. Animal-mediated seed dispersal is an important ecological process, linking the threatened plants and animal partners in ex-situ habitats, and in turn affecting tree conservation. However, how bird traits affect seed dispersal within...Li, Ning ; Wang, Zheng ; Li, Xin-Hai ; Yi, Xian-Feng ; Yan, Chuan …
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Journal article
Progress, challenges and opportunities for Red Listing
Despite its recognition as an important global resource for conservation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species only provides assessments of extinction risk for a small and biased subset of known biodiversity. A more complete Red List can better support species-level conservation by indicating...Bachman, Steven ; Field, Richard ; Reader, Tom ; Raimondo, Domitilla ; Donaldson, John …
Conservation, IUCN Red List, Vascular plants, and Extinction risk
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Journal article
Response of xerophytic plants to glacial cycles in southern South America
Quaternary glaciations strongly affected the distribution of species from arid and semi-arid environments, as temperature drops were accompanied by strong fluctuations in rainfall. In this study, we examined the response of xerophytic species to glacial cycles, determining the genetic patterns and climatic niche of Echinopsis chiloensis var. chiloensis, an endemic...Pérez, Fernanda ; Ossa, Carmen ; Montenegro, Paz ; Larridon, Isabel
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Journal article
Tropical monodominant forest resilience to climate change in Central Africa: A Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest pollen record over the past 2,700 years
Question The existence of monodominant forest in highly diverse tropical rainforest has been the subject of much debate. One hypothesis suggests that the combination of advantageous traits and long periods of low disturbance is key for this forest's persistence. Here we ask whether there is evidence for the long-term presence... -
Journal article
Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera
A synopsis of the genera Coleus Lour, Equilabium A.J.Paton, Mwany. & Culham and Plectranthus L’Hér. (Lamiaceae, Tribe Ocimeae, Subtribe Plecranthinae) is presented. Generic delimitation follows a recently published molecular phylogeny which identified Coleus as the sister of the remaining genera of Subtribe Plectranthinae; Plectranthus as sister to Tetradenia Benth. and...Paton, Alan ; Mwanyambo, Montfort ; Govaerts, Rafaël ; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil ; Suddee, Somran …
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Journal article
Two new genera of Acanthaceae from tropical Africa
DNA sequence data, macro-morphological evidence and pollen analysis are used to clarify the phylogenetic placement of two African species of Acanthaceae: Schaueria populifolia C.B.Clarke and Rhinacanthus ndorensis Schweinf. The combined data demonstrate that these species are only distantly related to the genera in which they are currently placed and provide...Darbyshire, Iain ; Kiel, Carrie ; Daniel, Thomas ; McDade, Lucinda ; Luke, Quentin
taxonomy, justicioid, phylogeny, and Floristics
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Journal article
Factors Affecting Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes From Herbarium Specimens Spanning the Diversity of Angiosperms
The world’s herbaria collectively house millions of diverse plant specimens, including endangered or extinct species and type specimens. Unlocking genetic data from the typically highly degraded DNA obtained from herbarium specimens was difficult until the arrival of high-throughput sequencing approaches, which can be applied to low quantities of severely fragmented... -
Journal article
Desiccation Tolerance in Chlorophyllous Fern Spores: Are Ecophysiological Features Related to Environmental Conditions?
Fern spores of most species are desiccation tolerant (DT) and, in some cases, are photosynthetic at maturation, the so-called chlorophyllous spores (CS). The lifespan of CS in the dry state is very variable among species. The physiological, biochemical, and biophysical mechanisms underpinning this variability remain understudied and their interpretation from... -
Journal article
A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar
A taxonomic revision of the genus Scleria (Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae) in Madagascar is presented. Herbarium specimens have been examined and 422 identified to species level. Our results recognise 25 species of Scleria from Madagascar, plus an additional heterotypic variety. Eight species are endemic to Madagascar, two are near endemic, eight taxa...Galán Díaz, J. ; Bauters, K. ; Rabarivola, L. ; Xanthos, Martin ; Goetghebeur, P. …
conservation, endemic species, Madagascar, revision, identification key, Cyperaceae, and Scleria
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Journal article
Vector compositions change across forested to deforested ecotones in emerging areas of zoonotic malaria transmission in Malaysia
In lowland areas of Malaysia, Plasmodium knowlesi infection is associated with land use change and high proportions of the vector Anopheles balabacensis. We conducted a 15-month study in two Malaysian villages to determine the effect of habitat on vector populations in understudied high-altitude, high-incidence districts. Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled in...Hawkes, Frances ; Manin, Benny ; Cooper, Amanda ; Daim, Sylvia ; R., Homathevi …
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Journal article
Orthologous nuclear markers and new transcriptomes that broadly cover the phylogenetic diversity of Acanthaceae
Premise: Information on orthologous groups of genes, their sequence variability, and annotation is required for project design in phylogenetic reconstruction. This resource is unavailable for the flowering plant family Acanthaceae (>4000 species). Methods: We compared transcriptome sequences spanning the extant diversity of Acanthaceae in order to provide a set of...Morais, Erica ; Schönenberger, Jürg ; Conti, Elena ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Szövényi, Péter
transcriptomes, Lamiales, nuclear markers, Acanthaceae, and phylogeny
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Journal article
Towards a new online species-information system for legumes
The need for scientists to exchange, share and organise data has resulted in a proliferation of biodiversity research-data portals over recent decades. These cyber-infrastructures have had a major impact on taxonomy and helped the discipline by allowing faster access to bibliographic information, biological and nomenclatural data, and specimen information. Several... -
Journal article
Two new species of Poecilanthe (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Brongniartieae) from Bolivia and Brazil
Two new legume species, Poecilanthe goiasana G.P.Lewis from Brazil and Poecilanthe boliviana G.P.Lewis from Bolivia, are described and illustrated. Previously seven species of the genus were recorded from Brazil, and one from Bolivia. A summary is given of the current circumscription of the papilionoid legume tribe Brongniartieae Hutch., to which...Lewis, Gwilym ; Tebbs, M. ; Wood, J. R. I.
Fabaceae, taxonomy, and Neotropics
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Journal article
Elucidation of Hosts, Native Distribution, and Habitat of the Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) Using Herbaria and Other Museum Collections
The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) is the most damaging insect pest of global coffee production. Despite its importance, our knowledge on the insect’s natural habitat, range, and wild host species remains poorly known. Using archival sources (mainly herbaria but also other museum collections), we surveyed 18,667 predominantly wild-collected herbarium...Vega, Fernando ; Smith, Lucy ; Davies, Nina ; Moat, Justin ; Góral, Tomasz …
Arabica coffee, Africa, robusta coffee, coffee berry borer, museum collections, broca del café, coffee, and herbaria
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Journal article
Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests
Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such “monodominant” forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory...ter Steege, Hans ; Henkel, Terry W. ; Helal, Nora ; Marimon, Beatriz S. ; Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur …
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Journal article
Threatened status of neglected and underutilised Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) species endemic to Mexico
Jatropha curcas is the best known species from the genus, an oilseed crop used for biodiesel production. It deserves attention as more species show similar oil content, phytochemical properties, or as a genetic resource in J. curcas breeding programs. The closest species to J. curcas show restricted distributions and are...Christensen, Cecilie ; Seal, Charlotte ; Rico-Arce, María de Lourdes
Conservation, IUCN Red List, Distribution patterns, and Herbarium specimens
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Journal article
Assessing seed desiccation responses of native trees in the Caribbean
Native trees from the Caribbean were tested for seed desiccation responses, by adapting the “100-seed test” protocol. Ninety-seven seed lots of 91 species were collected in the Dominican Republic and tested for germination immediately after collecting, and after drying and moist storage. Seed desiccation sensitivity was assessed as a continuous... -
Journal article
Notes on Mucuna (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) in Thailand: fruits of M. oligoplax re-assessed, and a revised key to species with lamellate fruits
Fruiting material of a Mucuna from Peninsular Thailand with distinctive lamellae proved to be conspecific with M. oligoplax, which was previously thought to have fruit almost lacking lamellae. A revised description and a distribution map for M. oligoplax are presented. This finding also necessitates revision of the key to Mucuna...Wilmot-Dear, Christine ; Fortune Hopkins, Helen ; Leeratiwong, Charan
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Journal article
Thermal Time and Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Cedrela odorata L.
Thermal time models are useful to determine the thermal and temporal requirements for seed germination. This information may be used as a criterion for species distribution in projected scenarios of climate change, especially in threatened species like red cedar. The objectives of this work were to determine the cardinal temperatures...Sampayo-Maldonado, Salvador ; Ordoñez-Salanueva, Cesar ; Mattana, Efisio ; Ulian, Tiziana ; Way, Michael …
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Journal article
The Plant DNA C‐values database (release 7.1): an updated online repository of plant genome size data for comparative studies
In recent decades, interest in plant genome size (i.e. the total amount of DNA in the unreplicated haploid nucleus; Greilhuber et al., 2005) has been growing exponentially as the biological, evolutionary and ecological significance of this key biodiversity trait is increasingly recognized (e.g. see reviews by Greilhuber & Leitch, 2013;...Pellicer, Jaume ; Leitch, Ilia J.
algae , flow cytometry, C‐values, land plants, and plant DNA C‐values database
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Journal article
The endemic plants of Mozambique: diversity and conservation status
An annotated checklist of the 271 strict-endemic taxa (235 species) and 387 near-endemic taxa (337 species) of vascular plants in Mozambique is provided. Together, these taxa constitute c. 9.3% of the total currently known flora of Mozambique and include five strict-endemic genera (Baptorhachis, Emicocarpus, Gyrodoma, Icuria and Micklethwaitia) and two...Darbyshire, Iain ; Timberlake, Jonathan ; Osborne, Jo ; Rokni, Saba ; Matimele, Hermenegildo …
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
The pitfalls of biodiversity proxies: Differences in richness patterns of birds, trees and understudied diversity across Amazonia
Most knowledge on biodiversity derives from the study of charismatic macro-organisms, such as birds and trees. However, the diversity of micro-organisms constitutes the majority of all life forms on Earth. Here, we ask if the patterns of richness inferred for macro-organisms are similar for micro-organisms. For this, we barcoded samples...Ritter, Camila D. ; Faurby, Søren ; Bennett, Dominic J. ; Naka, Luciano N. ; ter Steege, Hans …
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Editorial
Changing perceptions of tree resistance research
Plants are threatened in a globalised world because people are transporting pests and pathogens around the planet at unprecedented rates. Natural resistance to pests and pathogens has never been more important. In this special issue of Plants, People, Planet we focus on resistance found in tree populations. This has long...Buggs, Richard J. A.
tree resistance, globalisation, tree pests, tree diseases, plant health, and tree pathogens
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Journal article
Repeated long-distance dispersal and convergent evolution in hazel
Closely related species with a worldwide distribution provide an opportunity to understand evolutionary and biogeographic processes at a global scale. Hazel (Corylus) is an economically important genus of tree and shrub species found in temperate regions of Asia, North America and Europe. Here we use multiple nuclear and chloroplast loci...Helmstetter, Andrew J. ; Buggs, Richard J. A. ; Lucas, Stuart J.
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Journal article
Stenostephanus (Acanthaceae) in Peru
An account of the hill forest genus Stenostephanus Nees in Peru is presented. The salient characteristics and distribution of the genus are outlined to provide a wider context for the Peruvian species. Five new species, S. antiquorum J.R.I.Wood, S. atrocalyx J.R.I.Wood, S. cuscoensis J.R.I.Wood, S. densiflorus J.R.I.Wood and S. wasshausenii...Wood, John R. I.
Ecuador, taxonomy, Bolivia, Brazil, and new species
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Journal article
A synopsis of Stenostephanus Nees (Acanthaceae) in Bolivia
12 species of Stenostephanus Nees occur in Bolivia, two of which, S. madidiensis J.R.I.Wood and S. sehuencasii J.R.I.Wood are described as new. Ten species are endemic to the country with all growing on the humid eastern slopes of the Andes. The distribution of all Bolivian species is described and mapped...Wood, John R. I.
species key, endemism, taxonomy, new species, distribution patterns, and Andes
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Journal article
TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community... -
Journal article
Tackling Rapid Radiations With Targeted Sequencing
In phylogenetic studies across angiosperms, at various taxonomic levels, polytomies have persisted despite efforts to resolve them by increasing sampling of taxa and loci. The large amount of genomic data now available and statistical tools to analyze them provide unprecedented power for phylogenetic inference. Targeted sequencing has emerged as a... -
Journal article
Enset‐based agricultural systems in Ethiopia: A systematic review of production trends, agronomy, processing and the wider food security applications of a neglected banana relative
Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is the major starch staple of the Ethiopian Highlands, where its unique attributes enhance the food security of approximately 20 million people and have earned it the title “The Tree Against Hunger”. Yet enset‐based agriculture is virtually unknown outside of its narrow zone of cultivation,... -
Journal article
New island record and conservation status of Puerto Rican Bank endemic plant species, Ruehssia woodburyana (Acev.-Rodr.) Goyder, comb. nov., formally transferred from Marsdenia
Thought to be endemic to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Ruehssia woodburyana (Apocynaceae) was recently discovered at a single location on Norman Island in the British Virgin Islands. Despite an increase in the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy, this species meta-population is very limited with a total of...Bárrios, Sara ; Sustache, José ; Goyder, David ; Hamilton, Martin
nomenclature, conservation, endemism, Apocynaceae, red list, new combination, and Caribbean flora
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Journal article
Rapid Least Concern: towards automating Red List assessments
The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM (hereafter the Red List) is an important global resource for conservation that supports conservation planning, safeguarding critical habitat and monitoring biodiversity change (Rodrigues et al. 2006). However, a major shortcoming of the Red List is that most of the world's described species have...Bachman, Steven ; Walker, Barnaby ; Barrios, Sara ; Copeland, Alison ; Moat, Justin
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Journal article
Characterization of sequence variability hotspots in Cranichideae plastomes (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae)
This study reports complete plastome sequences for six species of Neotropical Cranichideae and focuses on identification of the most variable regions (hotspots) in this group of orchids. These structure of these six plastomes is relatively conserved, exhibiting lengths ranging between 142,599 to 154,562 bp with 36.7% GC on average and...Smidt, Eric de Camargo ; Páez, Michelle Zavala ; Vieira, Leila do Nascimento ; Viruel, Juan ; de Baura, Valter Antônio …
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Journal article
The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well... -
Journal article
High-quality genome sequence of white lupin provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an annual crop cultivated for its protein-rich seeds. It is adapted to poor soils due to the production of cluster roots, which are made of dozens of determinate lateral roots that drastically improve soil exploration and nutrient acquisition (mostly phosphate). Using long-read sequencing technologies,...Hufnagel, Bárbara ; Marques, André ; Soriano, Alexandre ; Marquès, Laurence ; Divol, Fanchon …
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Journal article
Validation of two varieties of Oxytropis tragacanthoides (Fabaceae) from Southern Siberia
Two names of varieties, Oxytropis tragacanthoides Fisch. ex DC. var. parviflora Polozhij ex Krivenko, var. nova, and Oxytropis tragacanthoides var. glabra Peschkova ex Krivenko, var. nova, are validated here according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (Shenzhen Code). For each new variety provided description, illustration...Krivenko, Denis A. ; Tatanov, Ivan V. ; Belyaeva, Irina V.
nomenclature, Southern Siberia, new varieties, Fabaceae, taxonomy, Oxytropis tragacanthoides, Mongolia, and Russia
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Journal article
Lectotypification of the name Salix pseudodepressa (Salicaceae)
Problems with typification of the name, Salix pseudodepressa A.K.Skvortsov, are discussed and the lectotypification of this name is made.Kovtonyuk, Nataliya K. ; Belyaeva, Irina V.
nomenclature, digital herbarium, Caucasus, Salix pseudodepressa, Salicaceae, lectotypification, and flora
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Journal article
Monitoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Colombia's High Andean Ecosystems: Toward an Integrated Strategy
There is growing consensus that biodiversity losses resulting from global change profoundly affects ecosystem services and human welfare. However, biodiversity and ecosystem processes are commonly monitored independently and on spatiotemporal scales inadequate to inform decision-making. The high Andean ecosystems of Colombia, extending from high Andean forests and páramos to glacier...Llambí, Luis D. ; Becerra, María Teresa ; Peralvo, Manuel ; Avella, Andrés ; Baruffol, Martín …
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Journal article
Microsatellite marker development in the crop wild relative Linum bienne using genome skimming
Premise: Nuclear microsatellite markers were developed for Linum bienne, the sister species of the crop L. usitatissimum, to provide molecular genetic tools for the investigation of L. bienne genetic diversity and structure. Methods and Results: Fifty microsatellite loci were identified in L. bienne by means of genome skimming, and 44...Landoni, Beatrice ; Viruel, Juan ; Gómez, Rocio ; Allaby, Robin G. ; Brennan, Adrian C. …
Linum bienne, pale flax, population genetics, crop wild relative, Linaceae, and simple sequence repeat (SSR)
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Journal article
Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
Dispersal is a key ecological process that influences plant community assembly. Therefore, understanding whether dispersal strategies are associated with climate is of utmost importance, particularly in areas greatly exposed to climate change. We examined alpine plant communities located in the mountain summits of the tropical Andes across a 4000 km... -
Journal article
Hibiscus fabiana sp. nov. (Malvaceae) from the Guinea Highlands (West Africa)
Hibiscus fabiana Cheek (sect. Furcaria, Malvaceae) is described from the Guinea Highlands of West Africa, and its taxonomic affinities and ecology are considered. Hibiscus fabiana has previously been confused with H. rostellatus but has red fleshy calyx ribs (vs not red and non-fleshy), the calyx surface is glabrous apart...Cheek, M. ; Haba, P.K. ; Cisse, S.
conservation, Important Plant Areas, Bowal, Simandou, Hibiscus, Furcaria, and Guinea Highlands
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Journal article
Historic herbarium specimens as biocultural assets: An examination of herbarium specimens and their in situ plant communities of the Agulhas National Park, South Africa
Globally there is a need for protected areas to conserve both biodiversity and heritage. Historic specimen localities, although significant to botanists, are not known or recognized under the global heritage umbrella; yet they form an important component of the protected area landscape. We aimed to articulate the conservation and heritage...Cowell, Carly R. ; Anderson, Pippin M. L. ; Annecke, Wendy A.
Agulhas Plain , botanical collectors, biocultural heritage, Cape Colony, fynbos, Bolus, and conservation
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Journal article
A Monograph of Operculina (Convolvulaceae)
A comprehensive systematic monograph is presented for the genus Operculina Silva Manso (Convolvulaceae). Formerly included in tribe Merremieae D. F. Austin, now incertae sedis, recent systematic studies have clarified the phylogenetic relationships for Operculina and unequivocally demonstrated that it is monophyletic as currently circumscribed and that the unique operculate capsule...Staples, G. W. ; Simões, Ana Rita ; Austin†, Daniel F.
nomenclature, plant systematics, generic delimitation, hybrid, typification , Convolvulaceae, and Operculina
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Journal article
Recovery of mycorrhizal fungi from wild collected protocorms of Madagascan endemic orchid Aerangis ellisii (B.S. Williams) Schltr. and their use in seed germination in vitro
Orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) are critical for seed germination and maintaining natural populations of orchids, yet the degree of specificity of most orchids to their mycorrhizal associates remains unknown. Many orchids are at risk of extinction, whether generalists or specialists, but orchid species of narrow fungal specificity are arguably under...Kendon, Jonathan P. ; Yokoya, Kazutomo ; Zettler, Lawrence W. ; Jacob, Alison S. ; McDiarmid, Faye …
Conservation, Detritus, Mycotrophy, Symbiotic, Ceratobasidium , and germination
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Journal article
Diversity of root-associated culturable fungi of Cephalanthera rubra (Orchidaceae) in relation to soil characteristics
Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich., Red Helleborine, is a widespread orchid in Europe but known only from three very small populations in England. These populations are in decline with no natural seed setting for more than a decade. The species may become extinct in the UK soon unless viable strategies are...Bell, Jake ; Yokoya, Kazutomo ; Kendon, Jonathan P. ; Sarasan, Viswambharan
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Journal article
Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora
Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of Amazonia...ter Steege, Hans ; Prado, Paulo I. ; Lima, Renato A. F. de ; Pos, Edwin ; de Souza Coelho, Luiz …
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Journal article
Plant traits and vegetation data from climate warming experiments along an 1100 m elevation gradient in Gongga Mountains, China
Functional trait data enhance climate change research by linking climate change, biodiversity response, and ecosystem functioning, and by enabling comparison between systems sharing few taxa. Across four sites along a 3000–4130 m a.s.l. gradient spanning 5.3 °C in growing season temperature in Mt. Gongga, Sichuan, China, we collected plant functional trait and...Vandvik, Vigdis ; Halbritter, Aud H. ; Yang, Yan ; He, Hai ; Zhang, Li …
Climate-change ecology , Natural variation in plants, and Community ecology
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Journal article
New directions in pollinator research: diversity, conflict and response to global change
Interactions between pollinators and their plant hosts are central to maintaining global biodiversity and ensuring our food security. In this special issue, we compile reviews that summarize existing knowledge and point out key outstanding research areas to understand and safeguard pollinators, pollinators–host plant interactions and the pollination ecosystem services they...Scott-Brown, Alison ; Koch, Hauke
biodiversity , ecosystems, pollinators, and plants
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Journal article
Museomics Unveil the Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Neglected Juan Fernandez Archipelago Megalachne and Podophorus Endemic Grasses and Their Connection With Relict Pampean-Ventanian Fescues
Oceanic islands constitute natural laboratories to study plant speciation and biogeographic patterns of island endemics. Juan Fernandez is a southern Pacific archipelago consisting of three small oceanic islands located 600–700 km west of the Chilean coastline. Exposed to current cold seasonal oceanic climate, these 5.8–1 Ma old islands harbor a... -
Journal article
Evidence of large Anacardiaceae trees from the Oligocene–early Miocene Santiago Formation, Azuero, Panama
We have poor knowledge of the plants that inhabited Central America during the Cenozoic. One of the families with a rich fossil record worldwide, especially for the Oligocene and Miocene epochs is Anacardiaceae. Llanodelacruzoxylon sandovalii gen. et sp. nov. is the first formal record of a fossil wood of Anacardiaceae...Rodríguez-Reyes, Oris ; Estrada-Ruiz, Emilio ; Gasson, Peter
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Journal article
Advancing biodiversity assessments with environmental DNA: Long‐read technologies help reveal the drivers of Amazonian fungal diversity
Fungi are a key component of tropical biodiversity. However, due to their inconspicuous and largely subterranean nature, they are usually neglected in biodiversity inventories. The goal of this study was to identify the key determinants of fungal richness, community composition, and turnover in tropical rainforests. We tested specifically for the... -
Journal article
Conserving orthodox seeds of globally threatened plants ex situ in the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK: the status of seed collections
We reviewed the status of orthodox seed collections of globally threatened plants conserved in − 20 °C long-term storage at the Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK in terms of their geographic and bioclimatic representativeness, taxonomic and genetic diversity, quality and physiological status. The comprehensive dataset used spans... -
Journal article
Melanin Production Inhibitors from the West African Cassipourea congoensis
Cassipourea congoensis (syn. Cassipourea malosana) is used in African countries as a skin-lightening agent. Two previously unreported cycloartane triterpenoids, 26-hydroxy-3-keto-24-methylenecycloartan-30-oic acid 1 and 24-methylenecycloartan-3β,26,30-triol 2 along with the known mahuannin B 3, 7-methoxymahuannin B 4, 7-methoxygeranin A 5, methyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2E-propenoate, glycerol-1-alkanoate, (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal 6, (-)-syringaresinol 7, and stigmast-5-en-3-O-β-D-glucoside, were isolated from the... -
Journal article
Comparative Plastid Genomics of Neotropical Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae)
Pantropical Bulbophyllum, with ∼2,200 species, is one of the largest genera in Orchidaceae. Although phylogenetics and taxonomy of the ∼60 American species in the genus are generally well understood, some species complexes need more study to clearly delimit their component species and provide information about their evolutionary history. Previous research... -
Journal article
Mapping mycological ignorance – checklists and diversity patterns of fungi known for West Africa
Scientific information about biodiversity distribution is indispensable for nature conservation and sustainable management of natural resources. For several groups of animals and plants, such data are available, but for fungi, especially in tropical regions like West Africa, they are mostly missing. Here, information for West African countries about species diversity... -
Journal article
Unambiguous identification of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding?
True fungi (Fungi) and fungus-like organisms (e.g. Mycetozoa, Oomycota) constitute the second largest group of organisms based on global richness estimates, with around 3 million predicted species. Compared to plants and animals, fungi have simple body plans with often morphologically and ecologically obscure structures. This poses challenges for accurate and... -
Journal article
Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes...He, Mao-Qiang ; Zhao, Rui-Lin ; Hyde, Kevin D. ; Begerow, Dominik ; Kemler, Martin …
Molecular clock, Fungi, Systematics, Classification , and Taxonomy