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Journal article
Phylogenetic study of tropical Asian Ardisia and relatives shows non-monophyly of generic and subgeneric classifications.
Julius , Avelinah ; Gutiérrez-Ortega, José Said ; Sabran, Suzana ; Tagane, Shuichiro ; Naiki, Akiyo …
Ardisia, nrITS, Ericales, Phylogeny, Myrsinoideae, Malesia, and Primulaceae
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Journal article
Una nueva variedad de Orphanodendron grandiflorum (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) de Colombia.
Castellanos, César ; Lewis, Gwilym P. ; Ariza , William
Diversity, Orphanodendron grandiflorum, Systematic, Quercus forest, Colombia, Low tropical deciduous forest, Endemism, and Lonchocarpus
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Journal article
Historical biogeography of Tetrastigma (Vitaceae): Insights into floristic exchange patterns between Asia and Australia.
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Journal article
A monograph of Heterospathe (Areceae, Arecaceae) in New Guinea
A revision of the genus Heterospathe Scheff. in New Guinea and immediately adjacent islands is presented. We recognise 14 species for this area. Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes are outlined, and each species is thoroughly described, mapped and illustrated. A key to the species in the area is included as well...Petoe, Peter ; Baker, William
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Journal article
The composition of the aphid fauna (Insecta, Hemiptera) of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
At least a dozen species of aphids (Insecta, Hemiptera) of non-native origin have expanded their range in Europe, however the importance of botanic gardens in this phenomenon has not been studied previously in detail. As a case study, investigations on the species composition and host range of Aphidomorpha in the...Wieczorek, Karina ; Fulcher, Tim ; Chłond, Dominik
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Journal article
Willow carr fungi
Preparation of this two-part article, introducing groups of fungi found in willow carr, was prompted by three considerations. Firstly, the FM editorial panel wanted to follow up the series on alder associates (Ainsworth, 2010; Kibby, 2010; Robinson, 2010) with a corresponding series on fungi associated with willow carr to provide...Ainsworth, A. Martyn ; Kibby, Geoffery
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Journal article
Two new species, Cyrtandra bungahijau and C. vittata, and notes on Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from Yapen Island, Indonesia
Two new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) are described; one apparently endemic to Yapen Island, Tanah Papua, the other present in Tanah Papua and in Papua New Guinea: both species are described and illustrated, and preliminary conservation assessments given. Notes on the identity of other known collections of Cyrtandra from Yapen...Atkins, H ; Heatubun, C ; Galloway, L ; Bramley, Gemma
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Journal article
Solid-State Biology and Seed Longevity: A Mechanical Analysis of Glasses in Pea and Soybean Embryonic Axes
The cytoplasm of anhydrobiotes (organisms that persist in the absence of water) solidifies during drying. Despite this stabilization, anhydrobiotes vary in how long they persist while dry. In this paper, we call upon concepts currently used to explain stability of amorphous solids (also known as glasses) in synthetic polymers, foods,...Ballesteros, Daniel ; Walters, Christina
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Journal article
Assessing Specialized Metabolite Diversity in the Cosmopolitan Plant Genus Euphorbia L.
Coevolutionary theory suggests that an arms race between plants and herbivores yields increased plant specialized metabolite diversity and the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution predicts that coevolutionary interactions vary across geographic scales. Consequently, plant specialized metabolite diversity is expected to be highest in coevolutionary hotspots, geographic regions, which exhibit strong...Ernst, Madeleine ; Nothias, Louis-Félix ; van der Hooft, Justin ; Silva, Ricardo ; Saslis-Lagoudakis, Haris …
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Journal article
Phylogeny of the tribe Marsdenieae (Apocynaceae), reinstatement of Ruehssia and the taxonomic treatment of the genus in Brazil
The Marsdenieae (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) comprise approximately 750 species and 26 accepted genera, half of which contain just one or two species. The tribe has been under-represented in phylogenetic studies to date, most of which have focussed on the ornamental paleotropical genus Hoya and related genera. American Marsdenieae are all currently...Espírito Santo, Fabio da Silva do ; Rapini, Alessandro ; Ribeiro, Patrícia Luz ; Liede-Schumann, Sigrid ; Goyder, David J. …
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
The rediscovery and delimitation of Elatostema setulosum W.T.Wang (Urticaceae)
Of the 280 species of Elatostema documented in China, 189 are known only from a single collection. Elatostemasetulosum is one such species, having been known only from the type collection for nearly half a century, until recent field investigations in Guangxi. Due to its morphological similarity to E.huanjiangense and E.tetracephalum,...Fu, Long-Fei ; Monro, Alexandre ; Wen, Fang ; Xin, Zi-Bing ; Wei, Yi-Gang …
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Calyx (con)fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae)
Eugenia has a pantropical distribution and comprises ca. 1000 species found mostly in the Neotropics. Recent DNA based phylogenies show that unusual flower morphology of ‘eugenioid’ collections, e.g. fused calices that open by tearing, consistently emerged within Eugenia. These results emphasize a demand to revaluate flower morphology in a phylogenetic...Giaretta, Augusto ; Vasconcelos, Thais ; Mazine, Fiorella Fernanda ; Faria, Jair Eustáquio Quintino ; Flores, Rodolfo …
Genetics, Molecular Biology, and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae)
Mischogyne (Annonaceae, tribe Monodoreae) is a genus of small- to medium-sized tropical trees and shrubs. It is characterised by a combination of: (1) stamens and carpels on a more or less extended torus; (2) carpels divergent from each other at the apex of the torus above the anthers; (3) anthers...Gosline, George ; Marshall, Andrew R. ; Larridon, Isabel
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
The viability of a breeding programme for ash in the British Isles in the face of ash dieback
To evaluate the viability and feasibility of a future breeding programme to produce trees resistant to an emerging pest or pathogen, it is helpful to ask the following questions: How much variation in resistance exists in tree populations? To what extent is this resistance heritable? How many genetic loci are...Plumb, William J. ; Coker, Timothy L. R. ; Stocks, Jonathan ; Woodcock, Paul ; Quine, Christopher …
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Journal article
A Target Capture-Based Method to Estimate Ploidy From Herbarium Specimens
Whole genome duplication (WGD) events are common in many plant lineages, but the ploidy status and possible occurrence of intraspecific ploidy variation are unknown for most species. Standard methods for ploidy determination are chromosome counting and flow cytometry approaches. While flow cytometry approaches typically use fresh tissue, an increasing number...Viruel, Juan ; Conejero, María ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Pokorny, Lisa ; Powell, Robyn …
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Journal article
Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments
The need to understand nature’s contributions to people and across a broad spectrum of cultures and ecosystems is increasingly advocated in science assessments and policy decision-making for sustainability. However, for services such as food and medicine, gaps in existing studies on indigenous and local knowledge may preclude inclusive assessments. Here,...Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo ; Dennehy, Zoe
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Journal article
A revision of the Crepidorhopalon whytei complex (Linderniaceae) in eastern Africa
The Crepidorhopalon whytei (Linderniaceae) species complex is revised using morphological analyses. Based primarily on variations in indumentum, floral morphology, corolla colour and seed morphology, four species are formally recognised within this group in eastern Africa. Crepidorhopalon whytei s.str. is widespread in the highlands of eastern Africa, extending from South Sudan...Darbyshire, Iain ; Wursten, B. ; Luke, Q. ; Fischer, E.
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Journal article
A synopsis of Polysphaeria (Rubiaceae) in Mozambique, including two new species
The genus Polysphaeria is investigated in Mozambique based on detailed morphological studies of herbarium specimens, resulting in the recognition of two new species. The first, P. ribauensis, is based on Kraussia sp. A of Flora Zambesiaca and is endemic to the Ribáuè Mountains of Nampula Province. The second, P. harrisii,...Darbyshire, Iain ; Langa, Clayton ; Romeiras, Maria
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Journal article
Polyploidy does not control all: Lineage‐specific average chromosome length constrains genome size evolution in ferns
Recent studies investigating the evolution of genome size diversity in ferns have shown that they have a distinctive genome profile compared with other land plants. Ferns are typically characterized by possessing medium‐sized genomes, although a few lineages have evolved very large genomes. Ferns are different from other vascular plant lineages...Liu, Hong‐Mei ; Ekrt, Libor ; Koutecky, Petr ; Pellicer, Jaume ; Hidalgo, Oriane …
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Journal article
Opportunities and challenges for an Indonesian forest monitoring network
Permanent sampling plots (PSPs) are a powerful and reliable methodology to help our understanding of the diversity and dynamics of tropical forests. Based on the current inventory of PSPs in Indonesia, there is high potential to establish a long-term collaborative forest monitoring network. Whilst there are challenges to initiating such...Brearley, Francis Q. ; Adinugroho, Wahyu C. ; Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo ; Krisnawati, Haruni ; Ledo, Alicia …
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Journal article
Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution
Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfil diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolutionary history are poorly known,...Varga, Torda ; Krizsán, Krisztina ; Földi, Csenge ; Dima, Bálint ; Sánchez-García, Marisol …
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Journal article
New circumscription, morphology and synopsis of Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae (Leguminosae)
A new circumscription of Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae is presented based on the results of molecular and morphological analyses. The series is monophyletic upon exclusion of three species that were included within it by Irwin and Barneby. Morphological variation within the series is discussed. Characters previously neglected, such as...Rando, Juliana Gastaldello ; Pirani, José Rubens ; Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira ; Lewis, Gwilym Peter
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Journal article
Speciation in Howea palms occurred in sympatry, was preceded by ancestral admixture, and was associated with edaphic and phenological adaptation
Howea palms are viewed as one of the most clear-cut cases of speciation in sympatry. The sister species H. belmoreana and H. forsteriana are endemic to the oceanic Lord Howe Island, Australia, where they have overlapping distributions and are reproductively isolated mainly by flowering time differences. However, the potential role...Osborne, Owen ; Ciezarek, Adam ; Wilson, Trevor ; Crayn, Darren ; Hutton, Ian …
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Journal article
Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 4. Demographic analyses support speciation of Howea in the face of high gene flow
The idea that populations must be geographically isolated (allopatric) to evolve into separate species has persisted for a long time. It is now clear that new species can also diverge despite ongoing genetic exchange, but few accepted cases of speciation in sympatry have held up when scrutinized using modern approaches....Papadopulos, Alexander ; Igea, Javier ; Smith, Thomas ; Hutton, Ian ; Baker, William …
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Journal article
Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 3. Genetic map reveals genomic islands underlying species divergence in Howea
Although it is now widely accepted that speciation can occur in the face of continuous gene flow, with little or no spatial separation, the mechanisms and genomic architectures that permit such divergence are still debated. Here, we examined speciation in the face of gene flow in the Howea palms of...Papadopulos, Alexander ; Igea, Javier ; Dunning, Luke ; Osborne, Owen ; Quan, Xueping …
Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, and General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
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Journal article
Population structure of Betula albosinensis and Betula platyphylla: evidence for hybridization and a cryptic lineage
Background and Aims Differences in local abundance and ploidy level are predicted to impact the direction of introgression between species. Here, we tested these hypotheses on populations of Betula albosinensis (red birch) and Betula platyphylla (white birch) which were thought to differ in ploidy level, the former being tetraploid and...Hu, Ya-Nan ; Zhao, Lei ; Buggs, Richard ; Zhang, Xue-Min ; Li, Jun …
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Journal article
Current and future potential distributions of three Dracaena Vand. ex L. species under two contrasting climate change scenarios in Africa
Forest undergrowth plants are tightly connected with the shady and humid conditions that occur under the canopy of tropical forests. However, projected climatic changes, such as decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature, negatively affect understory environments by promoting light‐demanding and drought‐tolerant species. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the influence of climate...Bogawski, Paweł ; Damen, Theo ; Nowak, Maciej ; Pędziwiatr, Katarzyna ; Wilkin, Paul …
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Journal article
Native Useful Plants of Chile: A Review and Use Patterns
We compiled an inventory of the uses of the native flora of Chile by extracting uses cited in the literature until 2015. The inventory reported use citations for a total of 995 species of useful vascular plants (23% of Chile’s flora). These data were used to test the hypothesis that...Díaz-Forestier, Javiera ; León-Lobos, Pedro ; Marticorena, Alicia ; Celis-Diez, Juan ; Giovannini, Peter
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Journal article
Coping with ill-health: health care facility, chemist or medicinal plants? Health-seeking behaviour in a Kenyan wetland
Background Sub-Saharan African wetlands, settlement areas to growing populations, expose their users to diseases as necessary health infrastructure remains underdeveloped. Methods Mixed methods were adopted to assess the health-seeking behaviour of different exposure groups (farmers, pastoralists, service sector workers) in a Kenyan wetland community. Based on a cross-sectional survey (n = 400),...Anthonj, Carmen ; Giovannini, Peter ; Kistemann, Thomas
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Journal article
Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands
Solanum L. (Solanaceae) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and presents difficulties in identification due to lack of regional keys to all groups. Here we provide keys to all 135 species of Solanum native and naturalised in Africa (as defined by World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions):...Knapp, Sandra ; Vorontsova, Maria S. ; Särkinen, Tiina
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Journal article
Phylogenomic Relationships of Diploids and the Origins of Allotetraploids in Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)
Disentangling phylogenetic relationships proves challenging for groups that have evolved recently, especially if there is ongoing reticulation. Although they are in most cases immediately isolated from diploid relatives, sets of sibling allopolyploids often hybridize with each other, thereby increasing the complexity of an already challenging situation. Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) is...Brandrud, Marie K ; Baar, Juliane ; Lorenzo, Maria T ; Athanasiadis, Alexander ; Bateman, Richard M …
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Journal article
UAV survey at archaeological earthwork sites in the Brazilian state of Acre, southwestern Amazonia
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used for many scientific applications, including archaeological surveys. We test the suitability and practicability of UAV surveying in the tropical lowlands of Brazil and techniques for visualizing the resulting digital elevation models, specifically the Red Relief Image Map (RRIM). We present the results of...Saunaluoma, Sanna ; Anttiroiko, Niko ; Moat, Justin
Red Relief Image Map (RRIM), UAV survey, earthworks, visualization, structure‐from‐motion (SfM), and interfluvial Amazonia
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Journal article
Interaction of functional and environmental traits on seed germination of the multipurpose tree Flacourtia indica
Flacourtia indica (Salicaceae) is a multipurpose tree native to tropical regions of Africa and India, where it is mainly used for food and medicines. Its use in reforestation is limited by poor knowledge of its seed biology and germination ecology. The aim of this study was to determine how its... -
Journal article
Reconciling Darwin’s naturalization and pre‐adaptation hypotheses: An inference from phylogenetic fields of exotic plants in Japan
Aim Understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions remains a challenge for several disciplines, including biogeography. One major issue in overcoming this challenge is disentangling the confounding mechanisms of species invasiveness and community invasibility. Here, we tackle this issue by applying a novel approach based on the phylogenetic affinities...Kusumoto, Buntarou ; Villalobos, Fabricio ; Shiono, Takayuki ; Kubota, Yasuhiro
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Journal article
Hyb-Seq for Flowering Plant Systematics
High-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) presents great opportunities for plant systematics, yet genomic complexity needs to be reduced for HTS to be effectively applied. We highlight Hyb-Seq as a promising approach, especially in light of the recent development of probes enriching 353 low-copy nuclear genes from any flowering plant taxon. -
Journal article
Shift in flowering time allows diploid and autotetraploid Anacamptis pyramidalis (Orchidaceae) to coexist by reducing competition for pollinators
How autopolyploids establish when competing with diploid progenitors is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effects of morphological and phenological divergence on the reproductive success of co-occurring diploid and autotetraploid individuals of Anacamptis pyramidalis to disentangle the mechanisms allowing their c-oexistence. We estimated reproductive success in terms of absolute... -
Journal article
Enhancing identification accuracy for powdery mildews using previously underexploited DNA loci
The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA marker is routinely used for fungal identification but gives a clear result for only three out of four powdery mildew samples. A search for new markers indicates that some genes offer enhanced identification in comparison with ITS. Others fail due to amplification and sequencing...Ellingham, Oliver ; David, John ; Culham, Alastair
Erysiphales, molecular markers, ITS, Mcm7, BLAST, powdery mildew, survey, citizen science, and phylogeny
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Journal article
Ex situ conservation storage potential of Saxifraga cernua (Saxifragaceae) bulbils from alpine species
In high latitude and alpine environments many plants show an increase in viviparous reproduction in response to harsh environmental conditions. Low or no seed set means that ex situ conservation in the form of seed banking is not a conservation option for such species. We investigated the potential for bulbils...Breman, Elinor ; Détraz-Méroz, Jacqueline ; Terry, Janet ; Lambelet, Catherine
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Journal article
Effects of Bird Traits on Seed Dispersal of Endangered Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. with Ex-Situ and In-Situ Conservation
Biodiversity is rapidly decreasing worldwide. Its great importance has been attached to conservation through in-situ and ex-situ management. Animal-mediated seed dispersal is an important ecological process, linking the threatened plants and animal partners in ex-situ habitats, and in turn affecting tree conservation. However, how bird traits affect seed dispersal within...Li, Ning ; Wang, Zheng ; Li, Xin-Hai ; Yi, Xian-Feng ; Yan, Chuan …
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Journal article
Enhancing knowledge among smallholders on pollinators and supporting field margins for sustainable food security
Agro-ecological intensification (AEI) harnesses natural processes, such as pollination, that support sustainable crop production and can buffer against future food security risks. However, the transition from conventional agriculture, which relies on inputs that can damage natural ecosystem processes, to more sustainable food production under AEI, is knowledge-intensive. Here, we investigated...Elisante, Filemon ; Ndakidemi, Patrick A. ; Arnold, Sarah E.J. ; Belmain, Steven R. ; Gurr, Geoff M. …
ecosystem services, field margin plants, farming practices, crop production, and pollination
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Journal article
Building mountain biodiversity: Geological and evolutionary processes
Mountain regions are unusually biodiverse, with rich aggregations of small-ranged species that form centers of endemism. Mountains play an array of roles for Earth’s biodiversity and affect neighboring lowlands through biotic interchange, changes in regional climate, and nutrient runoff. The high biodiversity of certain mountains reflects the interplay of multiple...Rahbek, Carsten ; Borregaard, Michael ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Colwell, Robert ; Holt, Ben …
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Journal article
Taxonomic Synopsis of Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) in Brazil
Eriosema is a pantropical genus occurring mostly in savanna vegetation and grasslands of tropical environments, with approximately 150 species and two centers of diversity, one in Africa with about 110 species, and the other in the Neotropics with about 40 species. Considering the large number of Eriosema taxa in Brazil,...Cândido, , Elisa ; de Vargas, Wanderleia ; Bezerra, Luísa ; Mansano, Vidal ; Vatanparast, Mohammad …
Cerrado, Fabaceae, Cajaninae, taxonomy, Neotropics, Rhynchosia, and Eudicots
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Journal article
‘Unknown yellow’: Pibiria, a new genus of Passifloraceae with a mixture of features found in Passifloroideae and Turneroideae
In 1993, a shrub with yellow flowers reminiscent of but obviously distinct from Turnera was found near Mabura Hill in central Guyana, which was recollected in 2000. This paper offers a morphological description including leaf and wood anatomy and pollen morphology in addition to a phylogenetic analysis based on plastid...Maas, Paul ; Baas, Pieter ; Christenhusz, Maarten ; Clarkson, James ; Koek-Noorman, Jifke …
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Journal article
A morphometric study of the restinga ecotype of Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae): wild coastal cashew populations from Piauí, Northeast Brazil
The infraspecific taxonomy of wild Anacardium occidentale is little studied. We investigated whether wild populations on coastal dunes in Piauí, Brazil differed from non-wild populations. Ten populations were sampled and twenty one morphological variables were measured. Variation within and between populations was investigated with univariate and multivariate statistics. Dune populations...de Andrade, I ; de Oliveira, Nascimento ; de Sousa, M ; dos Santos, J ; Mayo, S
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Journal article
A benchmark dataset of herbarium specimen images with label data
More and more herbaria are digitising their collections. Images of specimens are made available online to facilitate access to them and allow extraction of information from them. Transcription of the data written on specimens is critical for general discoverability and enables incorporation into large aggregated research datasets. Different methods, such...Dillen, Mathias ; Groom, Quentin ; Chagnoux, Simon ; Güntsch, Anton ; Hardisty, Alex …
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Journal article
A broader circumscription of Bulbostylis including Nemum (Abildgaardieae: Cyperaceae)
Phylogenetic hypotheses and morphological characterizations of genera in the Abildgaardieae have suggested that current generic circumscriptions are not monophyletic. We here provide an updated phylogenetic hypothesis of the Abildgaardieae using nrDNA ITS sequences that continues to support the derivation of Nemum from within the Bulbostylis lineage. We make the nomenclatural...Roalson, Eric ; Prata, Ana ; Mesterhazy, Attila ; Chase, Mark ; Simpson, David …
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Journal article
A customized nuclear target enrichment approach for developing a phylogenomic baseline for Dioscorea yams (Dioscoreaceae)
Premise We developed a target enrichment panel for phylogenomic studies of Dioscorea, an economically important genus with incompletely resolved relationships. Methods Our bait panel comprises 260 low- to single-copy nuclear genes targeted to work in Dioscorea, assessed here using a preliminary taxon sampling that includes both distantly and closely related...Soto Gomez, Marybel ; Pokorny, Lisa ; Kantar, Michael ; Forest, Félix ; Leitch, Ilia …
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Journal article
A multicriteria decision making approach to prioritise vascular plants for species-based conservation
There is a growing demand for species-based conservation to be strategic and deliver the greatest possible benefits for the money and resources invested. There is no global consensus on what constitutes an important species, but many biodiversity conservation initiatives prioritise the most rare, unique, vulnerable and/or useful as deserving attention....Liu, Udayangani ; Kenney, Siobhan ; Breman, Elinor ; Cossu, Tiziana
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Journal article
A new species of Argyreia (Convolvulaceae) from Myanmar
Argyreia decemloba Traiperm, Fujikawa & Staples, a new species of Convolvulaceae from Natma Taung National Park, Chin State, Myanmar, is described here with detailed illustrations and summaries for its distribution, ecology and IUCN conservation statusThis new species is a high-climbing twiner that can be distinguished by a white or pale...Traiperm, P ; Fujikawa, K ; Chitchak, N ; Srisanga, P ; Maknoi, C …
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Journal article
A new species of Condea (Lamiaceae: Ocimeae: Hyptidinae) and a new combination, from the Americas
A brief historical account of the genus Condea (Lamiaceae) is followed by a note on a new species from Brazil and a new combination in Condea from Mexico. For C. petrensis, a detail of its discovery in the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro, a description, diagnosis and illustration are provided....Harley, R
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Journal article
A prototype RFID tag for detecting bumblebee visitations within fragmented landscapes
Detecting the arbitrary movements of fast-moving insects under field conditions is notoriously difficult because existing technologies are limited by issues of size, weight, range and cost. Here, we establish proof-of-concept for a prototype long-range, passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging system for detecting bumblebees and similar sized insects. The prototype...Barlow, Sarah ; O’Neill, Mark ; Pavlik, Bruce
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Journal article
A new species of Oocephalus (Lamiaceae) from Goiás, Brazil
A new species, Oocephalus pubescens A.Soares & Harley, from Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The characteristics that distinguish it from a similar taxon, Oocephalus foliosus, are listed, and comments on its distribution and an occurrence map are provided. © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh...Soares, A ; Harley, R ; Pastore, J ; Jardim, J
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Journal article
A phylogeographic study of the stoneplant Conophytum (Aizoaceae; Ruschioideae; Ruschieae) in the Bushmanland Inselberg Region (South Africa) suggests anemochory
The Bushmanland Inselberg Region (BIR) of South Africa provides an ideal system to study population interactions, as these inselbergs function as islands of Succulent Karoo surrounded by Nama Karoo vegetation. The population genetics of four Conophytum taxa endemic to the quartz-associated habitats of inselbergs in the BIR were investigated using...Powell, Robyn ; Magee, Anthony ; Forest, Felix ; Cowan, Robyn ; Boatwright, Stephen
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Journal article
A review of issues of nomenclature and taxonomy of Hypericum perforatum L. and Kew's Medicinal Plant Names Services
Objectives To review which names are used to refer to Hypericum perforatum L. in health regulation and medicinal plant references, and the potential for ambiguity or imprecision. Key findings Structured searches of Kew's Medicinal Plant Names Services Resource, supplemented with other online bibliographic resources, found that the scientific name Hypericum...Dauncey, Elizabeth ; Irving, Jason ; Allkin, Robert
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Journal article
A taxonomic revision of Acanthaceae tribe Barlerieae in Angola and Namibia. Part 1
In the first part of a taxonomic revision of the tribe Barlerieae (Acanthaceae) in Angola and Namibia, two of the four major clades of the genus Barleria L. are studied in detail, namely subg. Barleria and subg. Prionitis sect. Prionitis. Using standard morphology-based taxonomic methods, a total of 32 species...Darbyshire, Iain ; Tripp, Erin ; Chase, Frances
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Journal article
A taxonomic study of Scleria subgenus Hypoporum: synonymy, typification and a new identification key
For Scleria subgen. Hypoporum , 214 species and infraspecific names were published since the first publication of the name Scleria. These names represent 76 accepted taxa, representing 72 species of Scleria subgen. Hypoporum . Herbarium material of all recognised species was studied, including the type material if available. Synonymy and...Bauters, K ; Larridon, Isabel ; Goetghebeur, P
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Journal article
Adapting legume crops to climate change using genomic approaches
Our agricultural system and hence food security is threatened by combination of events, such as increasing population, the impacts of climate change, and the need to a more sustainable development. Evolutionary adaptation may help some species to overcome environmental changes through new selection pressures driven by climate change. However, success...Mousavi‐Derazmahalleh, Mahsa ; Bayer, Philipp ; Hane, James ; Valliyodan, Babu ; Nguyen, Henry …
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Journal article
Acaricidal activity of cashew nut shell liquid associated with essential oils from Cordia verbenacea and Psidium guajava on Rhipicephalus microplus
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), Cordia verbenacea and Psidium guajava, both alone and in association against Rhipicephalus microplus. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted in concentrations ranging from 3.1 at 100.0mg mL−1. CNSL was effective against engorged females (99.6%) at 100.0mg mL−1 and against larvae (99.2 %)...de Carvahlo Castro, K ; Costa-Júnior, L ; Lima, D ; Canuto, K ; Sousa De Brito, E …
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Journal article
An allometry between seed kernel and seed coat shows greater investment in physical defense in small seeds
Premise of the Study Numerous studies have treated the mass of a whole seed as an integrated unit, although the components seed kernel and seed coat play different roles and are subject to different evolutionary selection pressures. In this study, we provided the first global-scale quantification of the relative biomass...Wu, La-Mei ; Chen, Si-Chong ; Wang, Bo
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Journal article
Adaptive significance of functional germination traits in crop wild relatives of Brassica
Functional germination traits contribute to both niche competitiveness and crop yield outcomes. However, there is little understanding of the adaptive significance of the germination thermal- and hydro-parameters in crop wild relatives (CWRs), yet these species are anticipated to be the source of adaptive traits for future agriculture. Seeds of 10...Castillo-Lorenzo, E ; Finch-Savage, WE ; Seal, C ; Pritchard, Hugh
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Journal article
Ancient polyploidy and genome evolution in palms
Mechanisms of genome evolution are fundamental to our understanding of adaptation and the generation and maintenance of biodiversity, yet genome dynamics are still poorly characterized in many clades. Strong correlations between variation in genomic attributes and species diversity across the plant tree of life suggest that polyploidy or other mechanisms...Barrett, Craig ; McKain, Michael ; Sinn, Brandon ; Ge, Xue-Jun ; Zhang, Yuqu …
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Journal article
Advanced understanding of phylogenetic relationships, morphological evolution and biogeographic history of the mega-diverse plant genus Myrcia and its relatives (Myrtaceae: Myrteae)
Myrcia is the largest exclusively Neotropical genus of the plant family Myrtaceae with c. 770 species. Although several studies have elucidated the relationships within particular sections of the genus, to date no phylogeny has been produced that includes a broad taxonomic and geographic representation. Here we present a phylogenetic hypothesis...Amorim, Bruno ; Vasconcelos, Thais ; Souza, Gustavo ; Alves, Marccus ; Antonelli, Alexandre …
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Journal article
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition impacts on the structure and function of forest mycorrhizal communities: A review
Humans have dramatically increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition globally. At the coarsest resolution, N deposition is correlated with shifts from ectomycorrhizal (EcM) to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree dominance. At finer resolution, ectomycorrhizal fungal (EcMF) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities respond strongly to long-term N deposition with the disappearance of...Lilleskov, Erik ; Kuyper, Thomas ; Bidartondo, Martin ; Hobbie, Erik
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Journal article
Anthurium harleyi (Araceae) — a new rupicolous species of section Urospadix from the northern Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Anthurium harleyi T.A.Pontes & Mayo, a new rupicolous species of Anthurium sect. Urospadix, is described from the rupestrian grassland (campo rupestre) vegetation of the northern region of the Chapada Diamantina, in central Bahia state, Brazil. The new species is endemic to this region, but closely related to A. erskinei Mayo...Pontes, T ; de Andrade, I ; Richards, R ; Haigh, A ; van den Berg, C …
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Journal article
Biodiversity seen through the perspective of insects: 10 simple rules on methodological choices and experimental design for genomic studies
Massively parallel DNA sequencing opens up opportunities for bridging multiple temporal and spatial dimensions in biodiversity research, thanks to its efficiency to recover millions of nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, we identify the current status, discuss the main challenges, and look into future perspectives on biodiversity genomics focusing on insects, which arguably...Matos-Maraví, Pável ; Duarte Ritter, Camila ; Barnes, Christopher ; Nielsen, Martin ; Olsson, Urban …
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Journal article
Belowground Biodiversity Relates Positively to Ecosystem Services of European Forests
Biodiversity of ecosystems is an important driver for the supply of ecosystem services to people. Soils often have a larger biodiversity per unit surface area than what can be observed aboveground. Here, we present what is to our knowledge, the most extensive literature-based key-word assessment of the existing information about...Bakker, Mark ; Brunner, Ivano ; Ashwood, Francis ; Bjarnadottir, Brynhildur ; Bolger, Tom …
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Journal article
C4 anatomy can evolve via a single developmental change
C4 photosynthesis is a complex trait that boosts productivity in warm environments. Paradoxically, it evolved independently in numerous plant lineages, despite requiring specialised leaf anatomy. The anatomical modifications underlying C4 evolution have previously been evaluated through interspecific comparisons, which capture numerous changes besides those needed for C4 functionality. Here, we...Lundgren, Marjorie ; Dunning, Luke ; Olofsson, Jill ; Moreno-Villena, Jose ; Bouvier, Jacques …
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Journal article
Characteristics of the exine and aperture of pollen grains of Eriosema and Rhynchosia (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae – Phaseoleae)
The genera Eriosema and Rhynchosia, which comprise approximately 150 and 230 species, respectively, belong to the tribe Phaseoleae and to the subtribe Cajaninae. The pollen morphology of 49 species of Eriosema and 13 of Rhynchosia were studied using scanning electron microscopy to identify diagnostic characteristics that could aid in the...Oliveira, Ana ; De Borges, Ricardo ; Perez, Ana ; Lewis, Gwilym ; Silva, Juliana
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Journal article
Checklist to the Elatostema (Urticaceae) of Vietnam including 19 new records, ten new combinations, two new names and four new synonyms
Elatostema (Urticaceae) comprises several hundred herbaceous species distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. The greatest species richness occurs on limestone karst in Southeast Asia. Taxonomic revisions of Elatostema are largely out of date and contradict each other with respect to the delimitation of Elatostema and Pellionia....Fu, Long-Fei ; Monro, Alex ; Do, Truong ; Nuraliev, Maxim ; Averyanov, Leonid …
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Journal article
Compendium of Freziera (Pentaphylacaceae) of South America including eleven new species and the typification of 22 names
As part of a revision of neotropical Freziera (Pentaphylacaceae) we provide a compendium of the 63 species we recognise for South America including the description, illustration and extinction threat assessment of 11 new species, typification of 22 names and a new combination for Freziera rufescens (Kobuski) D. Santam. & A....Santamaría-Aguilar, Daniel ; Monro, Alexandre
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Journal article
Coenocytic growth phases in land plant development: a paleo-evo-devo perspective
Premise of research.?The evolutionary origin of the seed habit coincided with profound physiological and structural changes associated with underlying developmental patterns. A coenocyte is formed during megagametophyte development in many vascular plants, including some lycophytes and all spermatophytes; this structure compares closely with similar free-nuclear growth phases during embryo development...Rudall, Paula ; Bateman, Richard
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Journal article
Contributions to the knowledge of Cambodian Cyperaceae
To date, there are very few sequence data for Cyperaceae from mainland Southeast Asia. The aim of the present study was to contribute nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of selected species of Cambodian Cyperaceae to the overall phylogeny of the family. We generated ITS sequences of 38 accessions...Tremetsberger, K ; Hameister, S ; Simpson, D ; Bernhardt, K
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Journal article
Crosslandia setifolia is a partly monoecious species of Fimbristylis (Abildgaardieae: Cyperaceae)
While the limits of Fimbristylis Vahl (1805: 285) are contentious (Goetghebeur & Coudijzer 1984, Gordon-Gray 1971, Lye 1971, 1973), particularly with regard to the inclusion of Abildgaardia Vahl (1805: 296) within Fimbristylis , all current data support the derivation of Crosslandia W.Fitzg. (1906: 9) from within Fimbristylis (Ghamkhar et al....Roalson, Eric ; Barrett, Russell ; Wilson, Karen ; Bruhl, Jeremy ; Larridon, Isabel
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Journal article
Convergent origin of the narrowly lanceolate leaf in the genus Aster-with special reference to an unexpected discovery of a new Aster species from East China
Narrowly lanceolate leaves occur frequently in the genus Aster. It was often employed as a distinguishing character in the taxonomy of this genus. The origin of this particular leaf shape, however, has never been investigated using comparative methods. In this study, we reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny that includes most species...Zhang, G ; Hu, H ; Gao, T ; Gilbert, M ; Jin, X
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Journal article
Digest: Linking coordinated shifts in plant resource allocation to a chromosomal inversion
Local adaptation in plants often requires coordinated shifts among resources. Lowry et al. provide evidence for physiological and genomic mechanisms underpinning adaptive shifts in yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus), such as the transition between annual and perennial life histories. In M. guttatus, differential activity of gibberellins, governed partially by a chromosomal inversion,...Dodsworth, S ; Pérez-Escobar, O