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Journal article
The genome sequence of lesser trefoil or Irish shamrock, Trifolium dubium Sibth. (Fabaceae).
We present a genome assembly from an individual (lesser trefoil; Tracheophyta; Magnoliopsida; Fabales; Fabaceae) as part of a collaboration between the Darwin Tree of Life and the European Reference Genome Atlas. The genome sequence is 679.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The...Ruhsam, Markus ; Hollingsworth, Peter M ; Mc Cartney, Ann M. ; Herron, Katie E. ; Hughes, Graham M. …
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Journal article
The genome sequence of strawberry clover, Trifolium fragiferum L. (Fabaceae).
We present a genome assembly from an individual (strawberry clover; Tracheophyta; Magnoliopsida; Fabales; Fabaceae). The genome sequence is 512.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 8 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies have lengths of 298.57 kilobases and 139.15 kilobases in length, respectively.Mian, Sahr ; Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. ; Leitch, Ilia J. ; Leitch, Andrew R. ; Fay, Michael F. …
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Journal article
The genome sequence of rosebay willowherb Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., 1771 (syn. Epilobium angustifolium L., 1753) (Onagraceae).
We present a genome assembly from an individual (fireweed; Tracheophyta; Magnoliopsida; Myrtales; Onagraceae). The genome sequence is 655.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies have lengths of 495.18 kilobases and 160.41 kilobases in length, respectively.Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. ; Leitch, Andrew R. ; Leitch, Ilia J. ; Fay, Michael F. ; Genome Acquisition Lab, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, United Kingdom …
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Journal article
The genome sequence of spotted medick, Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. (Fabaceae).
We present a genome assembly from an individual (the spotted medick; Tracheophyta; Magnoliopsida; Fabales; Fabaceae). The genome sequence is 515.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 8 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies have lengths of 324.47 kilobases and 125.07 kilobases in length, respectively.Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. ; Fay, Michael F. ; Leitch, Ilia J. ; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Genome Acquisition Lab, United Kingdom ; Plant Genome Sizing Collective …
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Journal article
The genome sequence of subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum L. (Fabaceae).
We present a genome assembly from an individual (subterranean clover; Tracheophyta; Magnoliopsida; Fabales; Fabaceae). The genome sequence is 483.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 8 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies have lengths of 309.28 kilobases and 144.76 kilobases in length, respectively. -
Journal article
Plant invasion and naturalization are influenced by genome size, ecology and economic use globally.
Human factors and plant characteristics are important drivers of plant invasions, which threaten ecosystem integrity, biodiversity and human well-being. However, while previous studies often examined a limited number of factors or focused on a specific invasion stage (e.g., naturalization) for specific regions, a multi-factor and multi-stage analysis at the global...Guo, Kun ; Pyšek, Petr ; van Kleunen, Mark ; Kinlock, Nicole L. ; Lučanová, Magdalena …
Plant naturalization, Genome size, Plant invasion, Economic use, and Ecology
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Journal article
A universe of dwarfs and giants: genome size and chromosome evolution in the monocot family Melanthiaceae.
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Journal article
The genome sequence of soft rush, Juncus effusus (L.) Huds. (Juncaceae).
We present a genome assembly from a (soft rush; Tracheophyta; Magnoliopsida; Poales; Juncaceae). The genome sequence is 242.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome is 519.0 kilobases long, while the plastid genome is 175.1 kilobases long.Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. ; Leitch, Ilia J. ; Genome Acquisition Lab, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom ; Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective ; Plant Genome Sizing collective …
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Journal article
The genome sequence of black horehound, Ballota nigra L. subsp. foetida (Lam.) Hayek (Lamiaceae).
We present a genome assembly from a specimen of (black horehound; Tracheophyta; Magnoliopsida; Lamiales; Lamiaceae). The genome sequence is 1186.8 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Three mitochondrial chromosomes were assembled, with lengths of 148,17, 121,67 and 125,74 kilobases. The chloroplast genome has...Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. ; Fay, Michael F. ; Leitch, Ilia J. ; Genome Acquisition Lab, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom ; Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective …
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Journal article
The genome sequence of the tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, 1916.
We present a genome assembly from an individual (tree of heaven; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Sapindales; Simaroubaceae). The genome sequence is 939 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies are 661.1 kilobases and 161.1 kilobases long, respectively.Schley, Rowan J. ; Leitch, Ilia J. ; Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. ; Genome Acquisition Lab, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, United Kingdom ; Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective …
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Book chapter
“BIFloraExplorer”: A Taxonomic, Genetic, and Ecological Data Resource for the Vascular Plants of Britain and Ireland.
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Journal article
Small genome size and variation in ploidy levels support the naturalization of vascular plants but constrain their invasive spread.
Pyšek, Petr ; Lučanová, Magdalena ; Dawson, Wayne ; Essl, Franz ; Kreft, Holger …
Naturalization, Distribution, Genome size, Plant invasions, Polyploidy, and Species traits
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Journal article
The genome sequence of the apple, Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh., 1803.
We present genome assemblies from four cultivars (the apple; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Rosales; Rosaceae). The genome sequences are 643–653 megabases in span. The greater part of each assembly length (99.24–99.74%) is scaffolded into 17 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial and plastid genomes were also assembled and are 400 kilobases and 167 kilobases...Könyves, Kálmán ; Mian, Sahr ; Johns, Jennifer ; Ruhsam, Markus ; Leitch, Ilia J. …
Malus domestica, DNA sequence, Apples, Cultivars, and Genome sequence
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Journal article
Genome resources for underutilised legume crops: genome sizes, genome skimming and marker development.
Underutilised crops suffer from under-investigation relative to more mainstream crops, but often possess improved stress tolerance and/or nutrition, making them potentially important for breeding programmes in the context of climate change and an expanding human population. Developing basic genome resources for underutilised crops may therefore catalyse analyses to facilitate their... -
Journal article
Genetic factors predict hybrid formation in the British flora.
Natural hybridization can have a profound evolutionary impact, with consequences ranging from the extinction of rare taxa to the origin of new species. Natural hybridization is particularly common in plants; however, our understanding of the general factors that promote or prevent hybridization is hampered by the highly variable outcomes in...Brown, Max R. ; Hollingsworth, Peter M. ; Forrest, Laura L. ; Hart, Michelle L. ; Leitch, Ilia J. …
Floristic, Great Britain, Genetic distance, Hybrid, Floras, and DNA barcoding
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Journal article
Phylogenomic analyses of Sapindales support new family relationships, rapid Mid-Cretaceous Hothouse diversification, and heterogeneous histories of gene duplication.
Sapindales is an angiosperm order of high economic and ecological value comprising nine families, c. 479 genera, and c. 6570 species. However, family and subfamily relationships in Sapindales remain unclear, making reconstruction of the order’s spatio-temporal and morphological evolution difficult. In this study, we used Angiosperms353 target capture data to... -
Journal article
Giant Fern Genomes Show Complex Evolution Patterns: A Comparative Analysis in Two Species of Tmesipteris (Psilotaceae).
Giant genomes are rare across the plant kingdom and their study has focused almost exclusively on angiosperms and gymnosperms. The scarce genetic data that are available for ferns, however, indicate differences in their genome organization and a lower dynamism compared to other plant groups. Tmesipteris is a small genus of... -
Journal article
Hybridisation and chloroplast capture between distinct Themeda triandra lineages in Australia.
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Journal article
Plant genome size modulates grassland community responses to multi‐nutrient additions.
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Journal article
Hybridisation and chloroplast capture between distinct Themeda triandra lineages in Australia.
Dunning, Luke T. ; Olofsson, Jill K. ; Papadopulos, Alexander S. T. ; Hibdige, Samuel G. S. ; Hidalgo, Oriane …
Ecotypes, Hybridisation, Themeda triandra, Australia, and Chloroplast capture
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Journal article
A universe of dwarfs and giants: genome size and chromosome evolution in the monocot family elanthiaceae.
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Journal article
The ecology of palm genomes: repeat‐associated genome size expansion is constrained by aridity.
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Journal article
Revised Species Delimitation in the Giant Water Lily Genus Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) Confirms a New Species and Has Implications for Its Conservation.
Reliably documenting plant diversity is necessary to protect and sustainably benefit from it. At the heart of this documentation lie species concepts and the practical methods used to delimit taxa. Here, we apply a total-evidence, iterative methodology to delimit and document species in the South American genus (Nymphaeaceae). The systematics... -
Journal article
Genome Insights into Autopolyploid Evolution: A Case Study in Senecio doronicum (Asteraceae) from the Southern Alps.
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Journal article
Polyploidy in Cupressaceae: Discovery of a new naturally occurring tetraploid, Xanthocyparis vietnamensis.
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Journal article
A taxonomic, genetic and ecological data resource for the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland.
The vascular flora of Britain and Ireland is among the most extensively studied in the world, but the current knowledge base is fragmentary, with taxonomic, ecological and genetic information scattered across different resources. Here we present the first comprehensive data repository of native and alien species optimized for fast and...Henniges, Marie C. ; Powell, Robyn F. ; Mian, Sahr ; Stace, Clive A. ; Walker, Kevin J. …
Taxonomy, Ireland, Great Britain, Plant ecology, Genetics, Biodiversity, Ecology, and Literature mining
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Journal article
Prioritising crop wild relatives to enhance agricultural resilience in sub‐Saharan Africa under climate change.
Satori, David ; Tovar, Carolina ; Faruk, Aisyah ; Hammond Hunt, Eleanor ; Muller, Gemma …
Food security , Nature-based solutions, Conservation, Seed banks, Functional traits , and Plant pre-breeding
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Journal article
Genome evolution of ferns: evidence for relative stasis of genome size across the fern phylogeny.
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Journal article
Genome Size Doubling Arises From the Differential Repetitive DNA Dynamics in the Genus Heloniopsis (Melanthiaceae).
Plant genomes are highly diverse in size and repetitive DNA composition. In the absence of polyploidy, the dynamics of repetitive elements, which make up the bulk of the genome in many species, are the main drivers underpinning changes in genome size and the overall evolution of the genomic landscape. The...Pellicer, Jaume ; Fernández, Pol ; Fay, Michael F. ; Michálková, Ester ; Leitch, Ilia J.
DNA repeats, C-value, Rransposable elements, Satellite DNA, Chromosome, and Heloniopsis
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Journal article
The Welwitschia genome reveals a unique biology underpinning extreme longevity in deserts.
The gymnosperm Welwitschia mirabilis belongs to the ancient, enigmatic gnetophyte lineage. It is a unique desert plant with extreme longevity and two ever-elongating leaves. We present a chromosome-level assembly of its genome (6.8 Gb/1 C) together with methylome and transcriptome data to explore its astonishing biology. We also present a refined, high-quality assembly...Wan, Tao ; Liu, Zhiming ; Leitch, Ilia J. ; Xin, Haiping ; Maggs-Kölling, Gillian …
Evolutionary ecology, Evolutionary genetics, Abiotic, and Transcriptomics
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Journal article
Lineage‐specific vs. universal: A comparison of the Compositae1061 and Angiosperms353 enrichment panels in the sunflower family.
Siniscalchi, Carolina M. ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Palazzesi, Luis ; Pellicer, Jaume ; Pokorny, Lisa …
Target capture, Paralogy , Asteraceae , Angiosperms, and Phylogenomics
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Journal article
Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships.
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Journal article
Low dispersal and ploidy differences in a grass maintain photosynthetic diversity despite gene flow and habitat overlap.
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Journal article
Genomic gigantism in the whisk-fern family (Psilotaceae): Tmesipteris obliqua challenges record holder Paris japonica.
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Journal article
The Application of Flow Cytometry for Estimating Genome Size, Ploidy Level Endopolyploidy, and Reproductive Modes in Plants
Over the years, the amount of DNA in a nucleus (genome size) has been estimated using a variety of methods, but increasingly, flow cytometry (FCM) has become the method of choice. The popularity of this technique lies in the ease of sample preparation and in the large number of particles... -
Journal article
Contrasted histories of organelle and nuclear genomes underlying physiological diversification in a grass species
C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently in angiosperms, but most origins are relatively old so that the early events linked to photosynthetic diversification are blurred. The grass Alloteropsis semialata is an exception, as this species encompasses C4 and non-C4 populations. Using phylogenomics and population genomics, we infer the history of...Bianconi, Matheus E. ; Dunning, Luke T. ; Curran, Emma V. ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Powell, Robyn F. …
polyploidy, miombo woodlands, admixture, C₄ photosynthesis, phylogeography, and phylogenomics
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Journal article
How diverse is heterochromatin in the Caesalpinia group? Cytogenomic characterization of Erythrostemon hughesii Gagnon & G.P. Lewis (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)
Main conclusion Cytogenomic characterization of Erythrostemon hughesii reveals a heterogeneity of repeats in its subtelomeric heterochromatin. Comparative analyses with other Caesalpinia group species reveal a significant reduction in the abundance of Ty3-gypsy/Chromovirus Tekay retrotransposons during its evolution. In numerically stable karyotypes, repetitive DNA variability is one of the main causes...Mata-Sucre, Yennifer ; Sader, Mariela ; Van-Lume, Brena ; Gagnon, Edeline ; Pedrosa-Harand, Andrea …
Genome evolution, Satellite DNA, Mobile elements, Repetitive sequences, and Cytogenetics
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Journal article
Genome Size Evolution and Dynamics in Iris, with Special Focus on the Section Oncocyclus
Insights into genome size dynamics and its evolutionary impact remain limited by the lack of data for many plant groups. One of these is the genus Iris, of which only 53 out of c. 260 species have available genome sizes. In this study, we estimated the C-values for 41 species... -
Journal article
Evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements and satellite DNAs in polyploid Spartina species
Repeated sequences and polyploidy play a central role in plant genome dynamics. Here, we analyze the evolutionary dynamics of repeats in tetraploid and hexaploid Spartina species that diverged during the last 10 million years within the Chloridoideae, one of the poorest investigated grass lineages. From high-throughput genome sequencing, we annotated...Giraud, Delphine ; Lima, Oscar ; Huteau, Virginie ; Coriton, Olivier ; Boutte, Julien …
Transposable elements, Genome dynamics , Polyploidy, Spartina, and Satellite DNA
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Journal article
Contrasted histories of organelle and nuclear genomes underlying physiological diversification in a grass species
C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently in angiosperms, but most origins are relatively old so that the early events linked to photosynthetic diversification are blurred. The grass Alloteropsis semialata is an exception, as this species encompasses C4 and non-C4 populations. Using phylogenomics and population genomics, we infer the history of...Bianconi, Matheus E. ; Dunning, Luke T. ; Curran, Emma V. ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Powell, Robyn F. …
polyploidy, miombo woodlands, phylogenomics, C4 photosynthesis, phylogeography, and admixture
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Journal article
Repeat-sequence turnover shifts fundamentally in species with large genomes.
Given the 2,400-fold range of genome sizes (0.06–148.9 Gbp (gigabase pair)) of seed plants (angiosperms and gymnosperms) with a broadly similar gene content (amounting to approximately 0.03 Gbp), the repeat-sequence content of the genome might be expected to increase with genome size, resulting in the largest genomes consisting almost entirely of repetitive...Novák, Petr ; Guignard, Maïté S. ; Neumann, Pavel ; Kelly, Laura J. ; Mlinarec, Jelena …
Species lineages, Genomes, Repeat turnover, Repeat-sequence content, and Genome size
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Journal article
Selecting for useful properties of plants and fungi – Novel approaches, opportunities, and challenges
Societal Impact Statement For millennia, humans have used plants and fungi, as foods, fuels, fibers, and medicines; and have developed techniques for improving their usefulness to our species, mostly through selection of desirable traits. With human populations forecast to rise, the availability of arable land likely to fall amid climate... -
Journal article
Revisiting the cytomolecular evolution of the Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae): a broad sampling reveals new correlations between cytogenetic and environmental variables
The pantropical Caesalpinia group includes 225 species in 27 monophyletic genera, and the group has undergone recent phylogenetic, taxonomic and biogeographic revisions. Previous works have reported a diverse pattern of heterochromatin distribution related to ecological niche/geographic distribution, and variation in genome size also correlated with environmental variables. In order to... -
Journal article
Automated video monitoring of insect pollinators in the field.
Ecosystems are at increasing risk from the global pollination crisis. Gaining better knowledge about pollinators and their interactions with plants is an urgent need. However, conventional methods of manually recording pollinator activity in the field can be time- and cost-consuming in terms of labour. Field-deployable video recording systems have become...Pegoraro, Luca ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Leitch, Ilia J. ; Pellicer, Jaume ; Barlow, Sarah E.
Pollinators, Video monitoring, Computer vision, Insect pollinators, and Pollination ecology
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Journal article
A roadmap for global synthesis of the plant tree of life
Providing science and society with an integrated, up‐to‐date, high quality, open, reproducible and sustainable plant tree of life would be a huge service that is now coming within reach. However, synthesizing the growing body of DNA sequence data in the public domain and disseminating the trees to a diverse audience... -
Journal article
A Universal Probe Set for Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes from Any Flowering Plant Designed Using k-Medoids Clustering
Sequencing of target-enriched libraries is an efficient and cost-effective method for obtaining DNA sequence data from hundreds of nuclear loci for phylogeny reconstruction. Much of the cost of developing targeted sequencing approaches is associated with the generation of preliminary data needed for the identification of orthologous loci for probe design.... -
Journal article
The Plant DNA C‐values database (release 7.1): an updated online repository of plant genome size data for comparative studies
In recent decades, interest in plant genome size (i.e. the total amount of DNA in the unreplicated haploid nucleus; Greilhuber et al., 2005) has been growing exponentially as the biological, evolutionary and ecological significance of this key biodiversity trait is increasingly recognized (e.g. see reviews by Greilhuber & Leitch, 2013;...Pellicer, Jaume ; Leitch, Ilia J.
algae , flow cytometry, C‐values, land plants, and plant DNA C‐values database