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Journal article
Harnessing the potential of integrated systematics for conservation of taxonomically complex, megadiverse plant groups
The value of natural history collections for conservation science research is increasingly recognized, despite their well-documented limitations in terms of taxonomic, geographic, and temporal coverage. Specimen-based analyses are particularly important for tropical plant groups for which field observations are scarce and potentially unreliable due to high levels of diversity-amplifying identification...Nic Lughadha, Eimear ; Graziele Staggemeier, Vanessa ; Vasconcelos, Thais ; Walker, Barnaby ; Canteiro, Cátia …
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Journal article
Human activity is altering the world’s zoogeographical regions
Zoogeographical regions, or zooregions, are areas of the Earth defined by species pools that reflect ecological, historical and evolutionary processes acting over millions of years. Consequently, researchers have assumed that zooregions are robust and unlikely to change on a human timescale. However, the increasing number of human-mediated introductions and extinctions...Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén ; Calatayud, Joaquín ; González-Suárez, Manuela ; Rosvall, Martin ; Lucas, Pablo …
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Journal article
Homoisoflavonoids and cardenolides from cultivated Ornithogalum species: Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. and Ornithogalum ponticum ‘Sochi’
Three new homoisoflavonoids, (3R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone, 4, and its 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 5-O-β-D-gentiobiose derivatives, 5 and 6, along with the known homoisoflavonoids, (3S)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-chromanone, 1, (3R)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-chromanone (2) and (3S)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone, 3, were isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. In addition, three known cardenolides, 3β-(O-α-L-rhamnoside)-5β,14β-dihydroxy-19-oxocardenolide 7, 3β-(O-α-L-rhamnoside)-5β,11α,14β-trihydroxy-19-oxocardenolide, 8 and 3β-(O-α-L-rhamnoside)-5β,11α,14β,19-tetrahydroxycard-20(22)-enolide, 9, were isolated from...Langat, L ; Langat, Moses K. ; Mulholland, D
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Journal article
Incorporating evolutionary history into conservation assessments of a highly threatened group of species, South African Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)
In an era of increasing threat most species of plant still lack an assessment of extinction risk or an understanding of priority for conservation. Evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) has been used in conjunction with extinction risk to prioritise species for conservation. We apply this approach to an economically important group of...Hills, R ; Bachman, S ; Forest, Félix ; Moat, Justin ; Wilkin, Paul
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Journal article
INDEL variation in the regulatory region of the major flowering time gene LanFTc1 is associated with vernalization response and flowering time in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
Narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivation was transformed by 2 dominant vernalization‐insensitive, early flowering time loci known as Ku and Julius (Jul), which allowed expansion into shorter season environments. However, reliance on these loci has limited genetic and phenotypic diversity for environmental adaptation in cultivated lupin. We recently predicted that...Taylor, Candy ; Kamphuis, Lars ; Zhang, Weilu ; Garg, Gagan ; Berger, Jens …
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Journal article
Indigenous knowledge networks in the face of global change
Indigenous communities rely extensively on plants for food, shelter, and medicine. It is still unknown, however, to what degree their survival is jeopardized by the loss of either plant species or knowledge about their services. To fill this gap, here we introduce indigenous knowledge networks describing the wisdom of indigenous...Cámara-Leret, R ; Fortuna, M ; Bascompte, J
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Journal article
Interactions between plant genome size, nutrients and herbivory by rabbits, molluscs and insects on a temperate grassland
Angiosperm genome sizes (GS) vary ca 2400-fold. Recent research has shown that GS influences plant abundance, and plant competition. There are also tantalizing reports that herbivores may select plants as food dependent on their GS. To test the hypothesis that GS plays a role in shaping plant communities under herbivore...Guignard, Maïté ; Crawley, Michael ; Kovalenko, Dasha ; Nichols, Richard ; Trimmer, Mark …
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Journal article
Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica
Hopkins, H.C.F. & Y. Pillon (2019). Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica. In English, English and French abstracts. Candollea 74: 85–92. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a9Kermadecia brinoniae H.C. Hopkins & Pillon (Proteaceae), which occurs in southern New Caledonia, principally on ultramafic substrates, is described...Hopkins, Helen ; Pillon, Yohan
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Journal article
Leaf surface development and the plant fossil record: stomatal patterning in Bennettitales
Stomata play a critical ecological role as an interface between the plant and its environment. Although the guard-cell pair is highly conserved in land plants, the development and patterning of surrounding epidermal cells follow predictable pathways in different taxa that are increasingly well understood following recent advances in the developmental...Rudall, Paula ; Bateman, Richard
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Journal article
Least concern to endangered: Applying climate change projections profoundly influences the extinction risk assessment for wild Arabica coffee
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is a key crop in many tropical countries and globally provides an export value of over US$13 billion per year. Wild Arabica coffee is of fundamental importance for the global coffee sector and of direct importance within Ethiopia, as a source of harvestable income and planting...Moat, Justin ; Gole, Tadesse ; Davis, Aaron
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Journal article
Linking democracy and biodiversity conservation: Empirical evidence and research gaps
Increasing human pressure threatens plant and animal species with extinction worldwide. National political institutions constitute an important arena for biodiversity conservation. Yet, the relationship between how democratic these national institutions are and a country’s efforts towards and track-record for biodiversity conservation remains poorly understood. In this review, we outline the...Rydén, Oskar ; Zizka, Alexander ; Jagers, Sverker ; Lindberg, Staffan ; Antonelli, Alexandre
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Journal article
Lophopyxidaceae (Malpighiales): A new family record for Thailand
The liana Lophopyxis maingayi is recorded from Narathiwat in Peninsular Thailand, representing the first record for this species, the genus Lophopyxis, and the family Lophopyxidaceae in Thailand. © 2019 Forest Herbarium.Utteridge, Tim
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Journal article
Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Elatostema s.l. (Urticaceae): Implications for inter- and infrageneric classifications
Elatostema s.s. (Urticaceae) comprises approximately 500 species of herbs and subshrubs distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, Australasia, and Africa. The delimitation of Elatostema s.s. and the closely related genera Elatostematoides, Pellionia, and Procris has long been problematic because of the large number of taxa and presumed homoplasy among diagnostic...Tseng, Yu-Hsin ; Monro, Alex ; Wei, Yi-Gang ; Hu, Jer-Ming
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Journal article
Mesosphaerum caatingense (Lamiaceae), a new species from the semi-arid Caatinga Region of Northeast Brazil
A new species, Mesosphaerum caatingense Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (Lamiaceae: tribe Ocimeae: subtribe Hyptidinae), is described from the semi-arid Northeast region of Brazil known as the Caatinga biome, included under the domain of the STDF (Seasonally Tropical Dry Forest). The generic placement and its conservation status are assessed and its phenology...Harley, R ; Pastore, J ; de Souza Soares, A ; Fernando, E ; Mota, M
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Journal article
Morphological and functional seed traits of the wild medicinal plant Dioscorea strydomiana, the most threatened yam in the world
Morphological and functional seed traits have important roles in characterising the species regeneration niche and help to understand the reproductive biology of rare and threatened plants, which can thus support appropriate plant conservation measures. Seed morphometric and dispersal kinetics of the critically endangered Dioscorea strydomiana were measured and compared with...Mattana, E ; Gomez-Barreiro, P ; Lötter, M ; Hankey, A ; Froneman, W …
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Journal article
New combinations and new names in Myrcia for West Indian species previously included in Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae)
132 currently accepted names for West Indian region and continental American Calyptranthes species are here transferred to Myrcia . Geographic distributions are also documented for each species.Campbell, Keron ; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro ; Acosta, Zenia ; Commock, Tracy ; Lima Lourenço, Ana …
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Journal article
Mutualistic interactions reshuffle the effects of climate change on plants across the tree of life
Climatically induced local species extinctions may trigger coextinction cascades, thus driving many more species to extinction than originally predicted by species distribution models. Using seven pollination networks across Europe that include the phylogeny and life history traits of plants, we show a substantial variability across networks in climatically predicted plant...Bascompte, Jordi ; García, María ; Ortega, Raúl ; Rezende, Enrico ; Pironon, Samuel
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Journal article
New land in the Neotropics: a review of biotic community, ecosystem, and landscape transformations in the face of climate and glacier change
The high tropical Andes are rapidly changing due to climate change, leading to strong biotic community, ecosystem, and landscape transformations. While a wealth of glacier, water resource, and ecosystem-related research exists, an integrated perspective on the drivers and processes of glacier, landscape, and biota dynamics is currently missing. Here, we...Cuesta, Francisco ; Llambí, Luis ; Huggel, Christian ; Drenkhan, Fabian ; Gosling, William …
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Journal article
Open-source data reveal how collections-based fungal diversity is sensitive to global change
Premise of the Study: Fungal diversity (richness) trends at large scales are in urgent need of investigation, especially through novel situations that combine long-term observational with environmental and remotely sensed open-source data. Methods: We modeled fungal richness, with collections-based records of saprotrophic (decaying) and ectomycorrhizal (plant mutualistic) fungi, using an...Andrew, C ; Büntgen, U ; Egli, S ; Senn-Irlet, B ; Grytnes, J …
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Journal article
Novelties in Hyptidendron (Hyptidinae – Lamiaceae) from Brazil: A new species and a rediscovery
A new species, Hyptidendron roseum, from the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás state, is described and illustrated. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of inflorescences composed of a unilateral cymose structures, sessile to subsessile leaves, a ring of trichomes in the throat of the calyx tube,...Antar, G ; Harley, R ; Pastore, J ; Sano, P
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Journal article
Notes on Justicia sect. Monechma (Acanthaceae) in Angola, including two new species
Two new species of Justicia sect. Monechma, Justicia cubangensis and J. eriniae, are described from Angola. Their affinities are reviewed, together with a discussion on the correct generic name to apply to these species. A conspectus of Justicia sect. Monechma ‘Group I’ in Angola is presented, including a key to...Darbyshire, I ; Goyder, D
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Journal article
New Synonyms and Typification of Myrcia sect. Myrcia (Myrtaceae)
Four new synonyms are here proposed for species of Myrcia sect. Myrcia : Myrcia brasiliae under M. lasiantha, M. pernambucensis under M. bergiana , M. recurvata under M. ovata , and M. sosias under M. undulata . Additionally, 42 lectotypifications for species of Myrcia sect. Myrcia are proposed herein .Santos, Leidiana ; Athiê-Souza, Sarah ; Lucas, Eve ; Sales, Margareth
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Journal article
Phylogenetic Placement of New Species with Fused Calyx Reveals Homoplastic Character in Eugenia (Myrtaceae)
The hyper-diverse Eugenia with ca. 1050 species currently includes Calycorectes, which fits the morphological delimitation of the latter except its calyx lobes are fused in the bud and tear at anthesis. Previous phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates a single evolutionary event of calyx fusion in Eugenia. A new species, Eugenia petaloidea, found...Giaretta, A ; Amorim, B ; Sano, P ; Souza, G ; Lucas, E
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Journal article
Phylogenetic relationships among species of Barleria (Acanthaceae, Lamiales): Molecular data reveal complex patterns of morphological evolution and support a revised classification
Barleria is a genus of ~300 species of herbs and shrubs in Africa and Asia, with highest diversity in tropical East Africa and southern Africa. The genus is part of Barlerieae (Acanthaceae), a lineage that is distinguished from other Acanthaceae by quincuncial corolla aestivation. Unequivocal synapomorphies have yet to be...Darbyshire, Iain ; Fisher, Amanda ; Kiel, Carrie ; McDade, Lucinda
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Journal article
Phylogenetics, classification and typification of extant horsetails (Equisetum, Equisetaceae)
Horsetails (Equisetum, Equisetaceae) are one of the oldest groups of vascular plants with a nearly continuous fossil record dating back to the Carboniferous. Only a few studies have addressed relationships among and within the extant members of this fern genus. We here present the first complete phylogenetic analysis of one...Christenhusz, Maarten ; Bangiolo, Lois ; Chase, Mark ; Fay, Michael ; Husby, Chad …
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Journal article
Phylogenetic relationships in Apocynaceae based on nuclear PHYA and plastid trnL-F sequences, with a focus on tribal relationships
To date, most molecular phylogenetic studies of Apocynaceae have been based on plastid DNA regions or nuclear ribosomal DNA. In this study, we used part of the PHYA (phytochrome A) exon, a low-copy nuclear gene, and combined it with the trnL-F region (intron and spacer) to investigate placement of Periplocoideae,...Nazar, Nazia ; Clarkson, James ; Goyder, David ; Kaky, Emad ; Mahmood, Tariq …
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Journal article
Phylogenomic analyses reveal an exceptionally high number of evolutionary shifts in a florally diverse clade of African legumes
Detarioideae is well known for its high diversity of floral traits, including flower symmetry, number of organs, and petal size and morphology. This diversity has been characterized and studied at higher taxonomic levels, but limited analyses have been performed among closely related genera with contrasting floral traits due to the...Ojeda, Dario ; Koenen, Erik ; Cervantes, Sandra ; de la Estrella, Manuel ; Banguera-Hinestroza, Eulalia …
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Journal article
Phylogeny and divergence time estimation of Chamaecrista ser. Rigidulae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)
Chamaecrista is a monophyletic genus, but most of its infrageneric categories have been shown to be paraphyletic, including series Rigidulae which currently comprises 30 species, all endemic to Brazil and most occurring in the cerrado vegetation of the central highlands of the country. This molecular phylogenetic study tests the monophyly...de Souza Alessandro, Oliveira ; Lewis, Gwilym ; Telles, Mariana ; da Silva, Marcos
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Journal article
Phylogeography and post-glacial dynamics in the clonal-sexual orchid Cypripedium calceolus L
Aim We investigated the phylogeographical history of a clonal-sexual orchid, to test the hypothesis that current patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation retain the traces of climatic fluctuations and of the species reproductive system. Location Europe, Siberia and Russian Far East. Taxon Cypripedium calceolus L. (Orchidaceae). Methods Samples (>900, from...Gargiulo, Roberta ; Pironon, Samuel ; Zheleznaya, Ekaterina ; Sanchez, Michele ; Balázs, Zoltan …
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Journal article
Phylogeny of two African genera of Sapotaceae - Englerophytum and Synsepalum
Englerophytum and Synsepalum are two closely related genera of trees and shrubs from the African tropics. Previous molecular studies have shown that these genera collectively form a clade within the subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae). However, little is known about the inter-relationships of the taxa within the Englerophytum-Synsepalum clade. In this study,...Borg, D ; Richardson, J ; Harris, D ; Gautier, L ; Hughes, M …
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Journal article
Pinanga schwanerensis, a new species of pinanga (arecaceae) from Kalimantan, Indonesia
A new species of palm, Pinanga schwanerensis, is described and illustrated here. This is the third species of Pinanga to have been described from Kalimantan since the description of P. salicifolia Bblume and P. albescens Bbecc. A discussion of its morphological characters, distribution, ecology, habitat and conservation status is provided....Randi, A ; Hikmat, A ; Heatuatubunun, C
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Journal article
Plastome phylogenomics of sugarcane and relatives confirms the segregation of the genus Tripidium (Poaceae: Andropogoneae)
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is one of the most important crops in the world and a major source of sugar for human consumption. Despite this immense value, the circumscription of the genus Saccharum is complex, contentious, and largely unresolved. Saccharum is accepted in a broad sense by some authors or split...Welker, Cassiano ; McKain, Michael ; Vorontsova, Maria S. ; Peichoto, Myriam ; Kellogg, Elizabeth
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Journal article
Phytolith-based environmental reconstruction from an altitudinal gradient in Mpumalanga, South Africa, 10,600 BP–present
Studying vegetation change across biome boundaries provides insight into vegetation resilience. In this study, shifts in grassland composition are reconstructed from sediments in three wetland sites across altitudinal gradient from 2128 to 897 m.a.s.l., representing a gradient from the grassland biome to the grassland/savanna boundary in the Mpumalanga region, north-eastern South...Breman, Elinor ; Ekblom, Anneli ; Gillson, Lindsey ; Norström, Elin
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Journal article
Plant genome sequences: past, present, future
The green plants (Viridiplantae) are an essential kingdom of life, responsible via photosynthesis for the majority of global primary production, and directly utilized by humankind for nutrition, animal feed, fuel, clothing, medicine and other purposes. There are an estimated 391 000 species of land plants, in addition to 8000 species of...Kersey, P
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Journal article
Prediction of pathogenicity genes involved in adaptation to a lupin host in the fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via comparative genomics
Narrow-leafed lupin is an emerging crop of significance in agriculture, livestock feed and human health food. However, its susceptibility to various diseases is a major obstacle towards increased adoption. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea – both necrotrophs with broad host-ranges - are reported among the top 10 lupin pathogens. Whole-genome...Mousavi-Derazmahalleh, Mahsa ; Chang, Steven ; Thomas, Geoff ; Derbyshire, Mark ; Bayer, Phillip …
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Journal article
Progress, challenges and opportunities for Red Listing
Despite its recognition as an important global resource for conservation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species only provides assessments of extinction risk for a small and biased subset of known biodiversity. A more complete Red List can better support species-level conservation by indicating...Bachman, Steven ; Field, Richard ; Reader, Tom ; Raimondo, Domitilla ; Donaldson, John …
Conservation, IUCN Red List, Vascular plants, and Extinction risk
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Journal article
Pycreus rubidomontanus (Cyperaceae), a widespread but undescribed species from tropical West Africa
Pycreus rubidomontanus is described as a new species. It is relatively widespread in tropical West Africa where it had been confused up to present with P. atrorubidus, a very rare endemic species from Zambia in south-central Africa that probably is known only from the type gathering. Differences between these and...Verloove, Filip ; Browning, Jane ; Mesterhazy, Attila
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Journal article
Resistance of Multiple Diploid and Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Varieties to Three Projected Drought Scenarios for the UK in 2080
Forage plants underpin the livestock industry. Selective breeding, including polyploidization, where genome size is increased by whole genome duplication, changes the productivity and stress tolerance of new varieties. We conducted a growth chamber experiment to investigate the likely responses of Lolium perenne L. to drought, testing four diploid and four...Lee, Mark A. ; Howard-Andrews, Victoria ; Chester, Michael
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Journal article
Remarkable variation of ribosomal DNA organization and copy number in gnetophytes, a distinct lineage of gymnosperms
INTRODUCTION: Gnetophytes, comprising the genera Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia, are an understudied, enigmatic lineage of gymnosperms with a controversial phylogenetic relationship to other seed plants. Here we examined the organization of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) across representative species. METHODS: We applied high-throughput sequencing approaches to isolate and reconstruct rDNA units and...Wang, W ; Wan, T ; Becher, H ; Kuderova, A ; Leitch, Ilia …
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Journal article
Responses of Primula vulgaris to light quality in the maternal and germination environments
In the model species Arabidopsis thaliana phytochromes mediate dormancy and germination responses to seasonal cues experienced during seed maturation on the maternal plants. However, the effect of the maternal light environment on seed germination in native wild species has not been well studied. This is particularly important given its practical...Marin, M ; Blandino, C ; Laverack, G ; Toorop, P ; Powell, A
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Journal article
Response of xerophytic plants to glacial cycles in southern South America
Quaternary glaciations strongly affected the distribution of species from arid and semi-arid environments, as temperature drops were accompanied by strong fluctuations in rainfall. In this study, we examined the response of xerophytic species to glacial cycles, determining the genetic patterns and climatic niche of Echinopsis chiloensis var. chiloensis, an endemic...Pérez, Fernanda ; Ossa, Carmen ; Montenegro, Paz ; Larridon, Isabel
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Journal article
Revision of the Afro-Madagascan genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae): infrageneric relationships and species delimitation
A recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed four distinct evolutionary lineages in the genus Costularia s.l. (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae, Poales). Two lineages are part of the Oreobolus clade of tribe Schoeneae: the first being a much-reduced genus Costularia s.s., and the second a lineage endemic to New Caledonia for which a new...Larridon, Isabel ; Rabarivola, Linah ; Xanthos, Martin ; Muasya, A
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Journal article
Routes to achieving sustainable intensification in simulated dairy farms: The importance of production efficiency and complimentary land uses
Sustainable intensification (SI) is a global challenge, aiming to increase food production whilst conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. This is contrary to the observed trend of agricultural intensification degrading environmental quality. We developed a framework integrating animal nutrition, crop yields and biodiversity modelling to explore SI potential in multiple model...White, Patrick ; Lee, Mark A. ; Roberts, Dave ; Cole, Lorna
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Journal article
Seed ecology of the geophyte Conopodium majus (Apiaceae), indicator species of ancient woodland understories and oligotrophic meadows
Conopodium majus is a geophyte with pseudomonocotyly, distributed in Atlantic Europe. It is an indicator of two declining European habitats: ancient woodland understories and oligotrophic hay meadows. Attempts to reintroduce it by seed have been hindered by scarce seedling emergence and limited knowledge of its seed biology. Micro-CT scanning was...Blandino, C ; Fernández-Pascual, E ; Marin, M ; Vernet, A ; Pritchard, H
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Journal article
Seed enhancing treatments: comparative analysis of germination characteristics of 23 key herbaceous species used in European restoration programmes
The response of seeds from 23 wild plant species to a range of seed enhancing treatments was studied. We tested the hypothesis that sensitivity of the 23 species to these compounds is related to their ecological niche. The three ecological niches considered were open land, open-pioneer and woodland. Hence, the...Lopez del Egido, L ; Toorop, P ; Lanfermeijer, F
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Journal article
Seeds tend to disperse further in the tropics
Despite the importance of seed dispersal in a plant's life cycle, global patterns in seed dispersal distance have seldom been studied. This paper presents the first geographically and taxonomically broad quantification of the latitudinal gradient in seed dispersal distance. Although there is substantial variation in the seed dispersal distances of...Chen, Si-Chong ; Tamme, Riin ; Thomson, Fiona ; Moles, Angela
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Journal article
Smectite clay KSF as effective catalyst for oxidation of m-tyrosol with H 2 O 2 to hydroxytyrosol
A successful procedure to demonstrate the ability to produce high-added value phenolic hydroxytyrosol by oxidation of m-tyrosol was developed, using clay KSF/H 2 O with peroxide hydrogen to afford excellent yields (more than 60%). Three different operating parameters, including m-tyrosol, H 2 O 2 concentration and amount of catalyst were...Frikha, N ; Bouguerra, S ; Kite, G ; Abdelhedi, R ; Bouaziz, M
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Journal article
Shifts in the abiotic and biotic environment of cultivated sunflower under future climate change
Sunflower is a unique model species for assessing crop responses and adaptation to climate change. We provide an initial assessment of how climate change may influence the abiotic and biotic environment of cultivated sunflower across the world. We find an 8% shift between current and future climate space in cultivated...Mehrabi, Zia ; Pironon, Samuel ; Kantar, Michael ; Ramankutty, Navin ; Rieseberg, Loren
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Journal article
Species distribution modelling and seed germination of four threatened snow lotus (Saussurea), and their implication for conservation
Plant environmental envelops and seed regenerative traits of high altitude plants may contribute to competitiveness or endangerment under abiotic conditions that enforce a short growing season. Here, we investigate the factors threatening the existence of four, typical snow lotus species (Saussurea laniceps, S. medusa, S. quercifolia, S. gnaphalodes) endemic to...Peng, Deli ; Sun, Lu ; Pritchard, Hugh ; Yang, Juan ; Sun, Hang …
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Journal article
Spatial characterization and distribution modelling of Ensete ventricosum (wild and cultivated) in Ethiopia
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) feeds around 20 million people in Ethiopia and is arguably the most important crop for food security and rural livelihoods in the country. Therefore, it is significant to know its spatial characterization and distribution in the country. We use spatial overlay analysis and the maximum entropy (MaxEnt)...Eshetae, M ; Hailu, B ; Demissew, S
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Journal article
Strangler unmasked: Parasitism of Cystoderma amianthinum by Squamanita paradoxa and S. pearsonii
The mushroom-forming genus Squamanita comprises 10 described species, all parasitic on basidiomes of other members of the order Agaricales, including members of the genera Cystoderma, Galerina, Inocybe and Hebeloma. Here we report an anatomical investigation of the stipitate “mycocecidium’ (=fungus gall) formed on the basidiome of Cystoderma amianthinum (“powdercap”) by...Griffith, G ; Gajda, K ; Detheridge, A ; Douglas, B ; Bingham, J …
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Journal article
Stachytarpheta atkinsiae, a new species of Verbenaceae endemic to the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Stachytarpheta atkinsiae, belonging to the Radlkoferiana group from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state Brazil, is here described. It is a red-flowered species, and unusual in being a large, much-branched shrub, with densely lanate indumentum. The species shows similarities with S. froesii and S. radlkoferiana, but differs from both vegetative and...Harley, R ; Antar, G ; Giulietti, A
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Journal article
Structure and abnormalities in cones of the Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis)
Reproductive structures of both genders of Wollemia nobilis were investigated, including both wild-type and teratological cones. Typically, both pollen cones and seed cones in this species are terminal on first order branches. At maturity, wild-type pollen cones are pendulous and cylindrical; wild-type seed cones are broad and ellipsoidal in shape....Dörken, Veit ; Rudall, Paula
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Journal article
Succulent plant diversity as natural capital
Societal Impact Statement Drought-tolerant plants are increasingly recognized as a resource to mitigate the consequences of climate change. Succulent plants use stored water to sustain metabolism during regular droughts; succulence is a highly successful adaptation that has evolved in thousands of species throughout the plant kingdom. Desert (xeromorphic) succulent species...Grace, Olwen
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Journal article
Supplementary descriptions of inflorescence and achene of two species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China
We demonstrate the high value of the inflorescence and achene for taxon delimitation in Elatostema. Over half of the descriptions of the ca 280 species described from China, however, lack information on inflorescence and/or achene morphology and this hampers the progress of species discovery and infrageneric classification. In this paper...Fu, Long-Fei ; Xin, Zi-Bing ; Monro, Alexandre ; Wen, Fang ; Li, Shu …
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Journal article
Survival and growth of embryo axes of temperate trees after two decades of cryo-storage
Liquid nitrogen (LN) storage is recommended for conserving plants with seeds for which standard seed banking is not feasible, but there are few empirical reports confirming its long-term effectiveness. In this study we evaluated in vitro viability and ex vitro growth of embryo axes of a species that is short-lived...Ballesteros, Daniel ; Pence, Valerie
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Journal article
Systematics and evolution of the Old World Ebenaceae, a review with emphasis on the large genus Diospyros and its radiation in New Caledonia
In this review article, we provide an overview of the status of research on Old World Ebenaceae with an emphasis on the large genus Diospyros. The well-supported phylogenetic tree obtained from nucleotide sequences of multiple regions of plastid genome gave clear insights into the subfamilial classification of Ebenaceae. It supported...Samuel, Rosabelle ; Turner, Barbara ; Duangjai, Sutee ; Munzinger, Jérôme ; Paun, Ovidiu …
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Journal article
Taxonomic revision of Clinacanthus (Acanthaceae) in Thailand
The taxonomy of Clinacanthus in Thailand is revised. Nomenclature, descriptions and a key to the species are provided. Clinacanthus nutans is lectotypified. Clinacanthus burmanni var. robinsoni from Vietnam is found to be distinct from both C. nutans and C. siamensis and is elevated to species status.Bongcheewin, Bhanubong ; Darbyshire, Iain ; Satitpatipan, Veena ; Kongsawadworakul, Panida
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Journal article
The Antiangiogenic Activity of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Homoisoflavonoids from the Hyacinthaceae (sensu APGII)
Excessive blood vessel formation in the eye is implicated in wet age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity, which are major causes of blindness. Small molecule antiangiogenic drugs are strongly needed to supplement existing biologics. Homoisoflavonoids have been previously shown to have potent antiproliferative activities... -
Journal article
The Callerya Group redefined and Tribe Wisterieae (Fabaceae) emended based on morphology and data from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences
The Tribe Wisterieae (Zhu 1994), founded on the single genus Wisteria, is emended and recircumscribed based on morphology and data from nuclear ITS and ndhJ-trnF, matK and rbcL chloroplast DNA sequences. This newly enlarged tribe comprises 36 species and 9 infraspecific taxa within 13 described genera. Six genera are new,...Compton, James ; Schrire, Brian ; Könyves, Kálmán ; Forest, Félix ; Malakasi, Panagiota …
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Journal article
The first herbarium collection from the south Arabian coast?
Investigation of the provenance of a herbarium gathering of Kissenia arabica (Loasaceae) at the Natural History Museum, London, reveals it to be part of the likely earliest extant herbarium collection from the south Arabian coast. Gathered in 1781-1782, the collection was possibly made by the colourful John Oswald (c. 1760-1793).Mabberley, David ; Pickering, Helen
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Journal article
The chemical constituents of Penianthus longifolius Miers
Fourteen compounds were isolated from the roots, leaves and twigs of Penianthus longifolius Miers (Menispermaceae), including two previously unreported neo-clerodane diterpenoids, penianthin (1), its C-8 epimer (2). In addition, the previously reported O-methylmoschatoline (3), taraxerol (4), taraxerone (5), rubrosterone, (6), panuosterone (7), 22-epi-20-hydroxyecdysone (8), ergosterol peroxide (9), stigmast-5-ene-3,7-dione (10), stigmasterol...Tabekoueng, Georges ; Akak, Carine ; Langat, Moses K. ; Blaise, Azebaze ; Kamdem Waffo, Alain …
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Journal article
The future of walnut–fruit forests in Kyrgyzstan and the status of the iconic Endangered apple Malus niedzwetzkyana
Forest ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services, but are declining worldwide. Malus niedzwetzkyana, an Endangered wild relative of domesticated apples, is an important component of the walnut–fruit forests of Central Asia. Its iconic pink blossom and genetic properties give it special cultural and scientific significance, but...Wilson, Brett ; Mills, Morena ; Kulikov, Maksim ; Clubbe, Colin
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Journal article
The influence of organic and inorganic chelators on the toxicity of bulk and nanoparticles of zinc oxide during germination and seedling growth of Nicotiana tabacum L
Nano and bulk-forms of zinc oxide (ZnO) are used extensively in industry and consequently may accumulate in the environment. However, there is little information available on the comparative effects of these forms during the critical early stages of plant life. Furthermore, the role of chelating agents, which affect the bioavailability...Tirani, Maryam ; Haghjou, Maryam ; Sulieman, Saad ; Colville, Louise ; Ismaili, Ahmad
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Journal article
The Impact of Mutualisms on Species Richness
Mutualisms – cooperative interactions among different species – are known to influence global biodiversity. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical work has led to divergent hypotheses about how mutualisms modulate diversity. We ask here when and how mutualisms influence species richness. Our synthesis suggests that mutualisms can promote or restrict species richness...Chomicki, Guillaume ; Weber, Marjorie ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Bascompte, Jordi ; Kiers, Toby
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Journal article
The scent of symbiosis: gut bacteria may affect social interactions in leaf-cutting ants
Animal gut microbiota affect host physiology and behaviour. In social insects, where colony level integrity is preserved via a nestmate discrimination system based on cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures, microorganismal effects may therefore influence social dynamics. Although nestmate recognition has undergone a thorough exploration during the last four decades, few studies have...Teseo, Serafino ; van Zweden, Jelle ; Pontieri, Luigi ; Kooij, Pepijn W. ; Sørensen, Søren …
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Journal article
The Use of Phylogenetic Diversity in Conservation Biology and Community Ecology: A Common Base but Different Approaches
The use of phylogenetic tools and studies has strongly increased in the last two decades especially in conservation biology and community ecology. Phylogenetic trees are essential to understand the processes of community or network assembly, to identify centers of diversification, and to help protect Earth?s evolutionary heritage. Despite two decades...Véron, Simon ; Saito, Victor ; Padilla-García, Nélida ; Forest, Félix ; Bertheau, Yves
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Journal article
The spatio-temporal variability of groundwater storage in the Amazon River Basin
In large Tropical River basins such as the Amazon, groundwater plays a major role in the water and ecological cycles with large influences on the rainforest ecosystems and climate variability. However, due to the lack of monitoring networks, Amazon groundwater storage and its variability remain poorly known. Here, we provide...Frappart, F ; Papa, F ; Güntner, A ; Tomasella, J ; Pfeffer, J …
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Journal article
Three species of Coleus (Lamiaceae) from the Guinean Highlands: a new species, a new combination and clarification of Coleus splendidus
Species delineation and taxonomic status of three species of Coleus Lour. from the Guinean Highlands, West Africa, are discussed in the context of related taxa. A new species, C. ferricola Phillipson, O.Hooper & A.J.Paton, is found on iron-rich substrates. The related C. splendidus A.Chev. is recognised as a distinct species...Phillipson, P ; Hooper, O ; Haba, P ; Cheek, M ; Paton, A
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Journal article
Towards a scientific rationale for traditional properties of Chinese medicinal plants: “natures” and “flavors”
Objective According to theory of Chinese medicine property, the ecological environment shapes properties (natures and flavors) of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and there are close relationships between certain natures and flavors. However, to date these observations have not been validated scientifically in the context of the whole flora of a...Li, Li-ping ; Zhang, Ben-gang ; Zhang, Zhao ; Li, Xiao-jin ; Wang, Guo-ping …
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Journal article
Towards a characterisation of the wild legume bitter vetch (Lathyrus linifolius L. (Reichard) Bässler): heteromorphic seed germination, root nodule structure and N-fixing rhizobial symbionts
Lathyrus linifolius L. (Reichard) Bässler (Fabiaceae, bitter vetch) is a nitrogen (N) fixing species. A coloniser of low nutrient (N) soils, it supports biodiversity such as key moth and butterfly species, and its roots are known for their organoleptic and claimed therapeutic properties. Thus, the species has high potential for...Dello, Jacovo ; Valentine, T ; Maluk, M ; Toorop, P ; Lopez del Egido, L …
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Journal article
Trade-off or coordination? Correlations between ballochorous and myrmecochorous phases of diplochory
1.The combination of two dispersal syndromes (diplochory) brings additional benefits to seeds, yet the relative costs and benefits of the two phases are poorly understood. Our goal is to provide the first quantification to test the long-standing assumption that there are trade-offs between the two phases in ballistic–ant diplochory. 2.Dispersal...Chen, Si-Chong ; Pahlevani, Amir ; Malíková, Lenka ; Riina, Ricarda ; Thomson, Fiona …
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Journal article
Two new genera and species of Linderniaceae (Lamiales) from inselbergs in northeastern Brazil: morphological and karyological evidence
During field studies of the inselbergs of northeastern Brazil, two potentially new species of were discovered. They share morphological characters with several genera of Linderniaceae (Lamiales) such as Ameroglossum , Cubitanthus and Stemodiopsis , but the morphological differences are such that they do not make a good fit with any...Almeida, Erton ; Wanderley, Artur ; Santos, Amanda ; De Melo, JosÉ ; Souza, Gustavo …
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Journal article
Tropical monodominant forest resilience to climate change in Central Africa: A Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest pollen record over the past 2,700 years
Question The existence of monodominant forest in highly diverse tropical rainforest has been the subject of much debate. One hypothesis suggests that the combination of advantageous traits and long periods of low disturbance is key for this forest's persistence. Here we ask whether there is evidence for the long-term presence... -
Journal article
Uvaria botryoides (Annonaceae), a new species from Angola
Uvaria botryoides Paiva, a new species from Angola is described and illustrated. The species distribution is mapped, and its conservation status assessed. It is compared to all species of the genus Uvaria that occur in Angola and a key to Angolan species is presented.Paiva, Jorge ; Bárrios, Sara
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Journal article
Wheat seed ageing viewed through the cellular redox environment and changes in pH
To elucidate biochemical mechanisms leading to seed deterioration, we studied 23 wheat genotypes after exposure to seed bank storage for 6?16 years compared to controlled deterioration (CD) at 45?°C and 14 (CD14) and 18% (CD18) moisture content (MC) for up to 32 days. Under two seed bank storage conditions, seed viability was...Nagel, Manuela ; Seal, Charlotte ; Colville, Louise ; Rodenstein, Axel ; Un, Sun …
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Journal article
Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera
A synopsis of the genera Coleus Lour, Equilabium A.J.Paton, Mwany. & Culham and Plectranthus L’Hér. (Lamiaceae, Tribe Ocimeae, Subtribe Plecranthinae) is presented. Generic delimitation follows a recently published molecular phylogeny which identified Coleus as the sister of the remaining genera of Subtribe Plectranthinae; Plectranthus as sister to Tetradenia Benth. and...Paton, Alan ; Mwanyambo, Montfort ; Govaerts, Rafaël ; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil ; Suddee, Somran …
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Journal article
Two new genera of Acanthaceae from tropical Africa
DNA sequence data, macro-morphological evidence and pollen analysis are used to clarify the phylogenetic placement of two African species of Acanthaceae: Schaueria populifolia C.B.Clarke and Rhinacanthus ndorensis Schweinf. The combined data demonstrate that these species are only distantly related to the genera in which they are currently placed and provide...Darbyshire, Iain ; Kiel, Carrie ; Daniel, Thomas ; McDade, Lucinda ; Luke, Quentin
taxonomy, justicioid, phylogeny, and Floristics
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Journal article
Factors Affecting Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes From Herbarium Specimens Spanning the Diversity of Angiosperms
The world’s herbaria collectively house millions of diverse plant specimens, including endangered or extinct species and type specimens. Unlocking genetic data from the typically highly degraded DNA obtained from herbarium specimens was difficult until the arrival of high-throughput sequencing approaches, which can be applied to low quantities of severely fragmented... -
Journal article
Conserved numts mask a highly divergent mitochondrial-COI gene in a species complex of Australian stingless bees Tetragonula (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Tetragonula carbonaria, Tetragonula davenporti, Tetragonula hockingsi and Tetragonula mellipes comprise a species complex of Australian stingless bee species known as the ‘Carbonaria’ group. The species are difficult to distinguish morphologically and the major species-defining characters relate to comb architecture and nest entrance ornamentation. The taxonomy of the group is further...Françoso, Elaine ; Zuntini, Alexandre ; Ricardo, Paulo ; Silva, João ; Brito, Rute …
Australia, COI numts, COI, Carbonaria group, and stingless bees
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Journal article
Desiccation Tolerance in Chlorophyllous Fern Spores: Are Ecophysiological Features Related to Environmental Conditions?
Fern spores of most species are desiccation tolerant (DT) and, in some cases, are photosynthetic at maturation, the so-called chlorophyllous spores (CS). The lifespan of CS in the dry state is very variable among species. The physiological, biochemical, and biophysical mechanisms underpinning this variability remain understudied and their interpretation from... -
Journal article
A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar
A taxonomic revision of the genus Scleria (Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae) in Madagascar is presented. Herbarium specimens have been examined and 422 identified to species level. Our results recognise 25 species of Scleria from Madagascar, plus an additional heterotypic variety. Eight species are endemic to Madagascar, two are near endemic, eight taxa...Galán Díaz, J. ; Bauters, K. ; Rabarivola, L. ; Xanthos, Martin ; Goetghebeur, P. …
conservation, endemic species, Madagascar, revision, identification key, Cyperaceae, and Scleria
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Journal article
Vector compositions change across forested to deforested ecotones in emerging areas of zoonotic malaria transmission in Malaysia
In lowland areas of Malaysia, Plasmodium knowlesi infection is associated with land use change and high proportions of the vector Anopheles balabacensis. We conducted a 15-month study in two Malaysian villages to determine the effect of habitat on vector populations in understudied high-altitude, high-incidence districts. Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled in...Hawkes, Frances ; Manin, Benny ; Cooper, Amanda ; Daim, Sylvia ; R., Homathevi …
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Journal article
New combinations and a new name for including Nemum species in Bulbostylis (Abildgaardieae: Cyperaceae)
A recent study included the genus Nemum into Bulbostylis. The combinations made for Nemum spadiceum and Nemum megastachyum resulted in illegitimate names. Here, the epithet of the homotypic name Scirpus briziformis is used to make nomenclaturally correct combinations for both subspecies of Nemum spadiceum in Bulbostylis. Furthermore, Bulbostylis brunneoacuminata, nomen...Larridon, Isabel ; Goetghebeur, Paul ; Roalson, Eric
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Journal article
Orthologous nuclear markers and new transcriptomes that broadly cover the phylogenetic diversity of Acanthaceae
Premise: Information on orthologous groups of genes, their sequence variability, and annotation is required for project design in phylogenetic reconstruction. This resource is unavailable for the flowering plant family Acanthaceae (>4000 species). Methods: We compared transcriptome sequences spanning the extant diversity of Acanthaceae in order to provide a set of...Morais, Erica ; Schönenberger, Jürg ; Conti, Elena ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Szövényi, Péter
transcriptomes, Lamiales, nuclear markers, Acanthaceae, and phylogeny
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Journal article
The effects of climate change on the distribution of South American antbirds (Thamnophilus punctatus complex) as affected by niche divergences and contact zone interactions between species
Several studies have shown that climatic change has been accelerating due to human activities, leading to dramatic effects on biodiversity. Modeling studies describe how species have reacted in the past to climatic change, and this information can help us to understand the degree of biotic susceptibility to current and future...da Silva, Erasmo Andrade ; de Araujo, Helder Farias Pereira ; Aleixo, Alexandre ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Fernandes, Alexandre
South America, Birds, Climate change, and Niche conservatism
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Journal article
A strong east–west Mediterranean divergence supports a new phylogeographic history of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) and multiple domestications from native populations
Aim Phylogeography of fruit trees is challenging due to recurrent exchanges between domesticated and wild populations. Here we tested the eastern refugium hypothesis (ERH) for the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, which supports its natural and domestication origins in the eastern Mediterranean and a feral origin in the west. Location... -
Journal article
Towards a new online species-information system for legumes
The need for scientists to exchange, share and organise data has resulted in a proliferation of biodiversity research-data portals over recent decades. These cyber-infrastructures have had a major impact on taxonomy and helped the discipline by allowing faster access to bibliographic information, biological and nomenclatural data, and specimen information. Several... -
Journal article
Two new species of Poecilanthe (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Brongniartieae) from Bolivia and Brazil
Two new legume species, Poecilanthe goiasana G.P.Lewis from Brazil and Poecilanthe boliviana G.P.Lewis from Bolivia, are described and illustrated. Previously seven species of the genus were recorded from Brazil, and one from Bolivia. A summary is given of the current circumscription of the papilionoid legume tribe Brongniartieae Hutch., to which...Lewis, Gwilym ; Tebbs, M. ; Wood, J. R. I.
Fabaceae, taxonomy, and Neotropics
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Journal article
Elucidation of Hosts, Native Distribution, and Habitat of the Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) Using Herbaria and Other Museum Collections
The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) is the most damaging insect pest of global coffee production. Despite its importance, our knowledge on the insect’s natural habitat, range, and wild host species remains poorly known. Using archival sources (mainly herbaria but also other museum collections), we surveyed 18,667 predominantly wild-collected herbarium...Vega, Fernando ; Smith, Lucy ; Davies, Nina ; Moat, Justin ; Góral, Tomasz …
Arabica coffee, Africa, robusta coffee, coffee berry borer, museum collections, broca del café, coffee, and herbaria
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Journal article
Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests
Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such “monodominant” forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory...ter Steege, Hans ; Henkel, Terry W. ; Helal, Nora ; Marimon, Beatriz S. ; Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur …
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Journal article
Threatened status of neglected and underutilised Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) species endemic to Mexico
Jatropha curcas is the best known species from the genus, an oilseed crop used for biodiesel production. It deserves attention as more species show similar oil content, phytochemical properties, or as a genetic resource in J. curcas breeding programs. The closest species to J. curcas show restricted distributions and are...Christensen, Cecilie ; Seal, Charlotte ; Rico-Arce, María de Lourdes
Conservation, IUCN Red List, Distribution patterns, and Herbarium specimens
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Journal article
Resolving nomenclatural ambiguity in South American Tephrosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae), including the description of a new species
Taxonomic studies of Tephrosia Pers. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae) in South America have highlighted the need to resolve some nomenclatural issues. Five new synonyms are proposed and a new species is described. Nine lectotypes of accepted names and synonyms, and one neotype, are here designated. An identification key to the taxa...de Queiroz, R. T. ; de Moura, T. M. ; Gereau, R. E. ; Lewis, Gwilym ; de Azevedo Tozzi, A. M. G.