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Journal article
Flora of Singapore precursors, 6: Typification of grass names relevant to the flora of Singapore
The typification of more than 200 names of grass taxa relevant to the flora of Singapore is reviewed. A total of 52 lectotype designations are made here, including 22 which are posthumously published by the late J.F. Veldkamp. In addition, 13 second-step lectotypes (one by JFV), and two neotypes are...Turner, I ; Middleton, D ; Duistermaat, H ; Veldkamp, J
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Journal article
Galanthus bursanus (Amaryllidaceae): a new species of snowdrop from the Marmara Sea region, NW Turkey
Galanthus bursanus (Amaryllidaceae), a new snowdrop species endemic to the Marmara Sea region (Bursa Province, NW Turkey), is described and illustrated. Morphological differences between the new species and other possibly related Galanthus taxa (G. plicatus subsp. byzantinus, G. ×valentinei nothosubsp. subplicatus, and G. reginae-olgae subsp. reginae-olgae) are discussed. Photographs (habitat...Zubov, Dimitri ; Konca, Yıldiz ; Davis, Aaron
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Journal article
From plant fungi to bee parasites: mycorrhizae and soil nutrients shape floral chemistry and bee pathogens
Bee populations have experienced declines in recent years, due in part to increased disease incidence. Multiple factors influence bee-pathogen interactions, including nectar and pollen quality and secondary metabolites. However, we lack an understanding of how plant interactions with their environment shape bee diet quality. We examined how plant interactions with... -
Journal article
Genetic diversity and origin of the rare, narrow endemic Asperula crassifolia (Rubiaceae)
We examined the patterns of genetic variation in the narrow endemic Asperula crassifolia (Campania, southern Italy), taking into account the schizoendemic distribution of the Mediterranean members of Asperula sect. Cynanchicae. We obtained plastid DNA sequences of the rps16 intron and the trnC-petN intergenic spacer for several members of A. sect....Gargiulo, Roberta ; De Castro, O ; Del Guacchio, E ; Caputo, P
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Journal article
Gladiolus mariae (Iridaceae), a new species from fire-free shrubland in the Kounounkan Massif, Guinea
Gladiolus mariae Burgt (Iridaceae), a new species from Guinea, West Africa, is described and illustrated. The new species is placed in Gladiolus sect. Decorati Goldblatt and compared with the nine species already known from that section. Flowering plants stand 28–160 cm high with 1–6 bright orange flowers, opening one at...van de Burgt, Xander ; Konomou, Gbamon ; Haba, Pepe ; Magassouba, Sékou
West Africa, Gladiolus sect. Decorati, Guinea, Gladiolus, Iridaceae, Submontane vegetation, New species, and Taxonomy
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Journal article
Genetic diversity in British populations of Taxus baccata L.: Is the seedbank collection representative of the genetic variation in the wild?
Seed banking is an invaluable tool in plant conservation, both as an archive and a source of genetic variation. Despite the increasing focus on the validation of sampling strategies, few studies have empirically related diversity in seed bank collections with variation in wild-provenance populations. By using a set of nuclear...Gargiulo, Roberta ; Saubin, Méline ; Rizzuto, Gabriele ; West, Bede ; Fay, Michael …
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Journal article
Going north and south: The biogeographic history of two Malvaceae in the wake of Neogene Andean uplift and connectivity between the Americas
The evolution of the tropical lowland forests in northern South America is poorly understood, yet new insights into past composition and changes through time can be obtained from the rich and diverse fossil pollen record. Here we present a revision of two diagnostic Malvaceae taxa from the Cenozoic record of...Hoorn, C ; van der Ham, R ; de la Parra, F ; Salamanca, S ; ter Steege, H …
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Journal article
Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery
Most people can name a mammal or bird that has become extinct in recent centuries, but few can name a recently extinct plant. We present a comprehensive, global analysis of modern extinction in plants. Almost 600 species have become extinct, at a higher rate than background extinction, but almost as many...Humphreys, Aelys ; Govaerts, Rafaël ; Ficinski, Sarah ; Nic Lughadha, Eimear ; Vorontsova, Maria S.
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Journal article
High extinction risk for wild coffee species and implications for coffee sector sustainability
Wild coffee species are critical for coffee crop development and, thus, for sustainability of global coffee production. Despite this fact, the extinction risk and conservation priority status of the world’s coffee species are poorly known. Applying IUCN Red List of Threatened Species criteria to all (124) wild coffee species, we...Davis, Aaron ; Chadburn, Helen ; Moat, Justin ; O’Sullivan, Robert ; Hargreaves, Serene …
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Journal article
Hydrothermal thresholds for seed germination in winter annual forbs from old-field Mediterranean landscapes
Under Mediterranean climates with dry-hot summers and cool-wet winters, many forbs with potential for habitat restoration are winter annuals, but there is little information about their germination. We performed laboratory germination experiments on 13 ruderal dicots native to Andalusia (southern Spain). We measured the germination of recently harvested seeds from...Frischie, S ; Fernández-Pascual, E ; Ramirez, C ; Toorop, P ; González, M …
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Journal article
Harnessing the potential of integrated systematics for conservation of taxonomically complex, megadiverse plant groups
The value of natural history collections for conservation science research is increasingly recognized, despite their well-documented limitations in terms of taxonomic, geographic, and temporal coverage. Specimen-based analyses are particularly important for tropical plant groups for which field observations are scarce and potentially unreliable due to high levels of diversity-amplifying identification...Nic Lughadha, Eimear ; Graziele Staggemeier, Vanessa ; Vasconcelos, Thais ; Walker, Barnaby ; Canteiro, Cátia …
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Book chapter
Hyper-epigyny is the ultimate constraint on orchid floral morphology and an ideal model for testing the Extended Synthesis
The developmental morphology and genetics of the orchid flower is described in order to explore the evolutionary ‘no man’s land’ that separates the Extended Synthesis from the Modern Synthesis. The gynostemium, ubiquitous among orchids and developed through congenital fusion (and dorsal suppression) of fertile reproductive organs, is an unbreakable evolutionary...Bateman, Richard ; Rudall, Paula
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Journal article
Human activity is altering the world’s zoogeographical regions
Zoogeographical regions, or zooregions, are areas of the Earth defined by species pools that reflect ecological, historical and evolutionary processes acting over millions of years. Consequently, researchers have assumed that zooregions are robust and unlikely to change on a human timescale. However, the increasing number of human-mediated introductions and extinctions...Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén ; Calatayud, Joaquín ; González-Suárez, Manuela ; Rosvall, Martin ; Lucas, Pablo …
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Journal article
Homoisoflavonoids and cardenolides from cultivated Ornithogalum species: Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. and Ornithogalum ponticum ‘Sochi’
Three new homoisoflavonoids, (3R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone, 4, and its 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 5-O-β-D-gentiobiose derivatives, 5 and 6, along with the known homoisoflavonoids, (3S)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-chromanone, 1, (3R)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-chromanone (2) and (3S)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone, 3, were isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. In addition, three known cardenolides, 3β-(O-α-L-rhamnoside)-5β,14β-dihydroxy-19-oxocardenolide 7, 3β-(O-α-L-rhamnoside)-5β,11α,14β-trihydroxy-19-oxocardenolide, 8 and 3β-(O-α-L-rhamnoside)-5β,11α,14β,19-tetrahydroxycard-20(22)-enolide, 9, were isolated from...Langat, L ; Langat, Moses K. ; Mulholland, D
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Journal article
Incorporating evolutionary history into conservation assessments of a highly threatened group of species, South African Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)
In an era of increasing threat most species of plant still lack an assessment of extinction risk or an understanding of priority for conservation. Evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) has been used in conjunction with extinction risk to prioritise species for conservation. We apply this approach to an economically important group of...Hills, R ; Bachman, S ; Forest, Félix ; Moat, Justin ; Wilkin, Paul
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Journal article
INDEL variation in the regulatory region of the major flowering time gene LanFTc1 is associated with vernalization response and flowering time in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
Narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivation was transformed by 2 dominant vernalization‐insensitive, early flowering time loci known as Ku and Julius (Jul), which allowed expansion into shorter season environments. However, reliance on these loci has limited genetic and phenotypic diversity for environmental adaptation in cultivated lupin. We recently predicted that...Taylor, Candy ; Kamphuis, Lars ; Zhang, Weilu ; Garg, Gagan ; Berger, Jens …
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Journal article
Indigenous knowledge networks in the face of global change
Indigenous communities rely extensively on plants for food, shelter, and medicine. It is still unknown, however, to what degree their survival is jeopardized by the loss of either plant species or knowledge about their services. To fill this gap, here we introduce indigenous knowledge networks describing the wisdom of indigenous...Cámara-Leret, R ; Fortuna, M ; Bascompte, J
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Journal article
Interactions between plant genome size, nutrients and herbivory by rabbits, molluscs and insects on a temperate grassland
Angiosperm genome sizes (GS) vary ca 2400-fold. Recent research has shown that GS influences plant abundance, and plant competition. There are also tantalizing reports that herbivores may select plants as food dependent on their GS. To test the hypothesis that GS plays a role in shaping plant communities under herbivore...Guignard, Maïté ; Crawley, Michael ; Kovalenko, Dasha ; Nichols, Richard ; Trimmer, Mark …
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Journal article
Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica
Hopkins, H.C.F. & Y. Pillon (2019). Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica. In English, English and French abstracts. Candollea 74: 85–92. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a9Kermadecia brinoniae H.C. Hopkins & Pillon (Proteaceae), which occurs in southern New Caledonia, principally on ultramafic substrates, is described...Hopkins, Helen ; Pillon, Yohan
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Journal article
Leaf surface development and the plant fossil record: stomatal patterning in Bennettitales
Stomata play a critical ecological role as an interface between the plant and its environment. Although the guard-cell pair is highly conserved in land plants, the development and patterning of surrounding epidermal cells follow predictable pathways in different taxa that are increasingly well understood following recent advances in the developmental...Rudall, Paula ; Bateman, Richard
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Journal article
Least concern to endangered: Applying climate change projections profoundly influences the extinction risk assessment for wild Arabica coffee
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is a key crop in many tropical countries and globally provides an export value of over US$13 billion per year. Wild Arabica coffee is of fundamental importance for the global coffee sector and of direct importance within Ethiopia, as a source of harvestable income and planting...Moat, Justin ; Gole, Tadesse ; Davis, Aaron
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Journal article
Lessons from the past and the future of food.
Perspectives from the recent and ancient past are largely underutilized in modern sustainability or food systems studies. However, information about regional crop histories and land use systems through time can add essential value and context to debates concerning future agricultural strategies and food security. In particular, archaeological and anthropological research...Reed, Kelly ; Ryan, Philippa
Land use, Anthropology, Resilience, Food systems, Archaeology, Food security, Underutilised crops, and Sustainability
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Journal article
Linking democracy and biodiversity conservation: Empirical evidence and research gaps
Increasing human pressure threatens plant and animal species with extinction worldwide. National political institutions constitute an important arena for biodiversity conservation. Yet, the relationship between how democratic these national institutions are and a country’s efforts towards and track-record for biodiversity conservation remains poorly understood. In this review, we outline the...Rydén, Oskar ; Zizka, Alexander ; Jagers, Sverker ; Lindberg, Staffan ; Antonelli, Alexandre
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Journal article
Lophopyxidaceae (Malpighiales): A new family record for Thailand
The liana Lophopyxis maingayi is recorded from Narathiwat in Peninsular Thailand, representing the first record for this species, the genus Lophopyxis, and the family Lophopyxidaceae in Thailand. © 2019 Forest Herbarium.Utteridge, Tim
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Journal article
Mechanisms in mutualisms: a chemically mediated thrips pollination strategy in common elder
The concept of flower-feeding thrips as pollinating insects in temperate regions is rarely considered as they are more frequently regarded to be destructive florivores feeding on pollen and surrounding plant tissue. Combining laboratory and field-based studies we examined interactions between Sambucus nigra (elderflower) and Thrips major within their native range... -
Journal article
Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Elatostema s.l. (Urticaceae): Implications for inter- and infrageneric classifications
Elatostema s.s. (Urticaceae) comprises approximately 500 species of herbs and subshrubs distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, Australasia, and Africa. The delimitation of Elatostema s.s. and the closely related genera Elatostematoides, Pellionia, and Procris has long been problematic because of the large number of taxa and presumed homoplasy among diagnostic...Tseng, Yu-Hsin ; Monro, Alex ; Wei, Yi-Gang ; Hu, Jer-Ming
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Journal article
Mesosphaerum caatingense (Lamiaceae), a new species from the semi-arid Caatinga Region of Northeast Brazil
A new species, Mesosphaerum caatingense Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (Lamiaceae: tribe Ocimeae: subtribe Hyptidinae), is described from the semi-arid Northeast region of Brazil known as the Caatinga biome, included under the domain of the STDF (Seasonally Tropical Dry Forest). The generic placement and its conservation status are assessed and its phenology...Harley, R ; Pastore, J ; de Souza Soares, A ; Fernando, E ; Mota, M
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Journal article
Morphological and functional seed traits of the wild medicinal plant Dioscorea strydomiana, the most threatened yam in the world
Morphological and functional seed traits have important roles in characterising the species regeneration niche and help to understand the reproductive biology of rare and threatened plants, which can thus support appropriate plant conservation measures. Seed morphometric and dispersal kinetics of the critically endangered Dioscorea strydomiana were measured and compared with...Mattana, E ; Gomez-Barreiro, P ; Lötter, M ; Hankey, A ; Froneman, W …
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Journal article
Mutualistic interactions reshuffle the effects of climate change on plants across the tree of life
Climatically induced local species extinctions may trigger coextinction cascades, thus driving many more species to extinction than originally predicted by species distribution models. Using seven pollination networks across Europe that include the phylogeny and life history traits of plants, we show a substantial variability across networks in climatically predicted plant...Bascompte, Jordi ; García, María ; Ortega, Raúl ; Rezende, Enrico ; Pironon, Samuel
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Journal article
New combinations and new names in Myrcia for West Indian species previously included in Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae)
132 currently accepted names for West Indian region and continental American Calyptranthes species are here transferred to Myrcia . Geographic distributions are also documented for each species.Campbell, Keron ; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro ; Acosta, Zenia ; Commock, Tracy ; Lima Lourenço, Ana …
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Journal article
New land in the Neotropics: a review of biotic community, ecosystem, and landscape transformations in the face of climate and glacier change
The high tropical Andes are rapidly changing due to climate change, leading to strong biotic community, ecosystem, and landscape transformations. While a wealth of glacier, water resource, and ecosystem-related research exists, an integrated perspective on the drivers and processes of glacier, landscape, and biota dynamics is currently missing. Here, we...Cuesta, Francisco ; Llambí, Luis ; Huggel, Christian ; Drenkhan, Fabian ; Gosling, William …
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Journal article
Novelties in Hyptidendron (Hyptidinae – Lamiaceae) from Brazil: A new species and a rediscovery
A new species, Hyptidendron roseum, from the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás state, is described and illustrated. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of inflorescences composed of a unilateral cymose structures, sessile to subsessile leaves, a ring of trichomes in the throat of the calyx tube,...Antar, G ; Harley, R ; Pastore, J ; Sano, P
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Journal article
Open-source data reveal how collections-based fungal diversity is sensitive to global change
Premise of the Study: Fungal diversity (richness) trends at large scales are in urgent need of investigation, especially through novel situations that combine long-term observational with environmental and remotely sensed open-source data. Methods: We modeled fungal richness, with collections-based records of saprotrophic (decaying) and ectomycorrhizal (plant mutualistic) fungi, using an...Andrew, C ; Büntgen, U ; Egli, S ; Senn-Irlet, B ; Grytnes, J …
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Journal article
Notes on Justicia sect. Monechma (Acanthaceae) in Angola, including two new species
Two new species of Justicia sect. Monechma, Justicia cubangensis and J. eriniae, are described from Angola. Their affinities are reviewed, together with a discussion on the correct generic name to apply to these species. A conspectus of Justicia sect. Monechma ‘Group I’ in Angola is presented, including a key to...Darbyshire, I ; Goyder, D
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Journal article
New Synonyms and Typification of Myrcia sect. Myrcia (Myrtaceae)
Four new synonyms are here proposed for species of Myrcia sect. Myrcia : Myrcia brasiliae under M. lasiantha, M. pernambucensis under M. bergiana , M. recurvata under M. ovata , and M. sosias under M. undulata . Additionally, 42 lectotypifications for species of Myrcia sect. Myrcia are proposed herein .Santos, Leidiana ; Athiê-Souza, Sarah ; Lucas, Eve ; Sales, Margareth
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Book chapter
Optimization of cryopreservation protocols for zygotic embryos of Citrus reticulata
Citrus seeds are known to have short life spans in conventional seed banks. Seed of most Citrus species show a typical intermediate storage behaviour where they survive desiccation to c. 7-10%. However, longevity is compromised at this low moisture content at sub-zero temperatures. Cryopreservation of zygotic embryos is an option...Nadarajan, J ; Akter, A
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Journal article
Origin of angiosperms and the puzzle of the Jurassic gap
Angiosperms are by far the most species-rich clade of land plants, but their origin and early evolutionary history remain poorly understood. We reconstructed angiosperm phylogeny based on 80 genes from 2,881 plastid genomes representing 85% of extant families and all orders. With a well-resolved plastid tree and 62 fossil calibrations, we dated the...Li, Hong-Tao ; Yi, Ting-Shuang ; Gao, Lian-Ming ; Ma, Peng-Fei ; Zhang, Ting …
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Journal article
Phylogenetic Placement of New Species with Fused Calyx Reveals Homoplastic Character in Eugenia (Myrtaceae)
The hyper-diverse Eugenia with ca. 1050 species currently includes Calycorectes, which fits the morphological delimitation of the latter except its calyx lobes are fused in the bud and tear at anthesis. Previous phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates a single evolutionary event of calyx fusion in Eugenia. A new species, Eugenia petaloidea, found...Giaretta, A ; Amorim, B ; Sano, P ; Souza, G ; Lucas, E
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Journal article
Phylogenetic relationships among species of Barleria (Acanthaceae, Lamiales): Molecular data reveal complex patterns of morphological evolution and support a revised classification
Barleria is a genus of ~300 species of herbs and shrubs in Africa and Asia, with highest diversity in tropical East Africa and southern Africa. The genus is part of Barlerieae (Acanthaceae), a lineage that is distinguished from other Acanthaceae by quincuncial corolla aestivation. Unequivocal synapomorphies have yet to be...Darbyshire, Iain ; Fisher, Amanda ; Kiel, Carrie ; McDade, Lucinda
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Journal article
Phylogenetics, classification and typification of extant horsetails (Equisetum, Equisetaceae)
Horsetails (Equisetum, Equisetaceae) are one of the oldest groups of vascular plants with a nearly continuous fossil record dating back to the Carboniferous. Only a few studies have addressed relationships among and within the extant members of this fern genus. We here present the first complete phylogenetic analysis of one...Christenhusz, Maarten ; Bangiolo, Lois ; Chase, Mark ; Fay, Michael ; Husby, Chad …
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Journal article
Phylogenetic relationships in Apocynaceae based on nuclear PHYA and plastid trnL-F sequences, with a focus on tribal relationships
To date, most molecular phylogenetic studies of Apocynaceae have been based on plastid DNA regions or nuclear ribosomal DNA. In this study, we used part of the PHYA (phytochrome A) exon, a low-copy nuclear gene, and combined it with the trnL-F region (intron and spacer) to investigate placement of Periplocoideae,...Nazar, Nazia ; Clarkson, James ; Goyder, David ; Kaky, Emad ; Mahmood, Tariq …
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Journal article
Phylogenomic analyses reveal an exceptionally high number of evolutionary shifts in a florally diverse clade of African legumes
Detarioideae is well known for its high diversity of floral traits, including flower symmetry, number of organs, and petal size and morphology. This diversity has been characterized and studied at higher taxonomic levels, but limited analyses have been performed among closely related genera with contrasting floral traits due to the...Ojeda, Dario ; Koenen, Erik ; Cervantes, Sandra ; de la Estrella, Manuel ; Banguera-Hinestroza, Eulalia …
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Journal article
Phylogeny and divergence time estimation of Chamaecrista ser. Rigidulae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)
Chamaecrista is a monophyletic genus, but most of its infrageneric categories have been shown to be paraphyletic, including series Rigidulae which currently comprises 30 species, all endemic to Brazil and most occurring in the cerrado vegetation of the central highlands of the country. This molecular phylogenetic study tests the monophyly...de Souza Alessandro, Oliveira ; Lewis, Gwilym ; Telles, Mariana ; da Silva, Marcos