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Journal article
Lessons from the past and the future of food.
Perspectives from the recent and ancient past are largely underutilized in modern sustainability or food systems studies. However, information about regional crop histories and land use systems through time can add essential value and context to debates concerning future agricultural strategies and food security. In particular, archaeological and anthropological research...Reed, Kelly ; Ryan, Philippa
Land use, Anthropology, Resilience, Food systems, Archaeology, Food security, Underutilised crops, and Sustainability
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Journal article
Floristics of forests across low nutrient soils in Sulawesi, Indonesia.
The island of Sulawesi formed from the joining of proto‐islands roughly three million years ago. Regions of zoological endemism, corresponding to the proto‐islands, have been reported. Sulawesi's tree communities, however, remain poorly documented. In better‐studied tropical regions, soil types similar to those found in Sulawesi often have distinctive tree communities.... -
Journal article
A model-data fusion approach to analyse carbon dynamics in managed grasslands.
Grasslands are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle, with a strong potential for C sequestration. However, an improved capacity to quantify grassland C stocks and monitor their variation in space and time, particularly in response to management, is needed in order to conserve and enhance grassland C...Myrgiotis, Vasileios ; Blei, Emanuel ; Clement, Rob ; Jones, Stephanie K. ; Keane, Ben …
Primary production, Grasslands, Carbon sequestration, United Kingdom, and Model-data fusion
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Journal article
Are Urban Communities in Successional Stasis? A Case Study on Epiphytic Lichen Communities
Urban areas may contain a wide range of potential habitats and environmental gradients and, given the many benefits to human health and well-being, there is a growing interest in maximizing their biodiversity potential. However, the ecological patterns and processes in urban areas are poorly understood. Using a widely applicable ecological...Llewellyn, Theo ; Gaya, Ester ; Murrell, David J.
empty niches, bioindicators, fungal diversity, pollution, urban ecosystems, lichenized fungi, community ecology, species co-occurrence, and epiphytes
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Journal article
The past and future human impact on mammalian diversity
To understand the current biodiversity crisis, it is crucial to determine how humans have affected biodiversity in the past. However, the extent of human involvement in species extinctions from the Late Pleistocene onward remains contentious. Here, we apply Bayesian models to the fossil record to estimate how mammalian extinction rates...Andermann, Tobias ; Faurby, Søren ; Turvey, Samuel T. ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Silvestro, Daniele
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Journal article
Selective extinction against redundant species buffers functional diversity
The extinction of species can destabilize ecological processes. A way to assess the ecological consequences of species loss is by examining changes in functional diversity. The preservation of functional diversity depends on the range of ecological roles performed by species, or functional richness, and the number of species per role,...Pimiento, Catalina ; Bacon, Christine D. ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Hendy, Austin ; Jaramillo, Carlos …
global change, molluscs, competition, Caribbean, extinction, and invertebrates
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Journal article
KEYLINK: towards a more integrative soil representation for inclusion in ecosystem scale models. I. review and model concept
The relatively poor simulation of the below-ground processes is a severe drawback for many ecosystem models, especially when predicting responses to climate change and management. For a meaningful estimation of ecosystem production and the cycling of water, energy, nutrients and carbon, the integration of soil processes and the exchanges at...Deckmyn, Gaby ; Flores, Omar ; Mayer, Mathias ; Domene, Xavier ; Schnepf, Andrea …
Literature review, Soil Science, Ecosystem Science, and Ecology
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Journal article
Rapid diversification rates in Amazonian Chrysobalanaceae inferred from plastid genome phylogenetics
We studied the evolutionary history of Chrysobalanaceae with phylogenetic analyses of complete plastid genomes from 156 species to assess the tempo of diversification in the Neotropics and help to unravel the causes of Amazonian plant diversification. These plastid genomes had a mean length of 162 204 base pairs, and the...Chave, Jerome ; Sothers, Cynthia ; Iribar, Amaia ; Suescun, Uxue ; Chase, Mark W …
tropical forest, phylogenetic inference, Amazonia, Malpighiales, and molecular dating
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Journal article
Plant Power: Opportunities and challenges for meeting sustainable energy needs from the plant and fungal kingdoms
Societal Impact Statement Bioenergy is a major component of the global transition to renewable energy technologies. The plant and fungal kingdoms offer great potential but remain mostly untapped. Their increased use could contribute to the renewable energy transition and addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 “Ensure access to...Grace, Olwen M. ; Lovett, Jon C. ; Gore, Charles J. N. ; Moat, Justin ; Ondo, Ian …
biofuel, sustainable energy, feedstock , Bioenergy , energy poverty, research effort , renewables, and biogas
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Journal article
Identifying and mapping individual plants in a highly diverse high-elevation ecosystem using UAV imagery and deep learning
The identification and counting of plant individuals is essential for environmental monitoring. UAV based imagery offer ultra-fine spatial resolution and flexibility in data acquisition, and so provide a great opportunity to enhance current plant and in-situ field surveying. However, accurate mapping of individual plants from UAV imagery remains challenging, given...Zhang, Ce ; Atkinson, Peter M. ; George, Charles ; Wen, Zhaofei ; Diazgranados, Mauricio …
Scale sequence, Multi-scale deep learning , Residual U-Net, Semantic segmentation, and Páramos
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Journal article
Repeat-sequence turnover shifts fundamentally in species with large genomes.
Given the 2,400-fold range of genome sizes (0.06–148.9 Gbp (gigabase pair)) of seed plants (angiosperms and gymnosperms) with a broadly similar gene content (amounting to approximately 0.03 Gbp), the repeat-sequence content of the genome might be expected to increase with genome size, resulting in the largest genomes consisting almost entirely of repetitive...Novák, Petr ; Guignard, Maïté S. ; Neumann, Pavel ; Kelly, Laura J. ; Mlinarec, Jelena …
Species lineages, Genomes, Repeat turnover, Repeat-sequence content, and Genome size
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Journal article
The rise of angiosperms pushed conifers to decline during global cooling
Competition among species and entire clades can impact species diversification and extinction, which can shape macroevolutionary patterns. The fossil record shows successive biotic turnovers such that a dominant group is replaced by another. One striking example involves the decline of gymnosperms and the rapid diversification and ecological dominance of angiosperms...Condamine, Fabien L. ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Koppelhus, Eva B. ; Antonelli, Alexandre
macroevolution, competition, paleoenvironment, and gymnosperms
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Journal article
Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals drove the asymmetry of the Great American Biotic Interchange.
The interchange between the previously disconnected faunas of North and South America was a massive experiment in biological invasion. A major gap in our understanding of this invasion is why there was a drastic increase in the proportion of mammals of North American origin found in South America. Four nonmutually... -
Journal article
Contrasted histories of organelle and nuclear genomes underlying physiological diversification in a grass species
C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently in angiosperms, but most origins are relatively old so that the early events linked to photosynthetic diversification are blurred. The grass Alloteropsis semialata is an exception, as this species encompasses C4 and non-C4 populations. Using phylogenomics and population genomics, we infer the history of...Bianconi, Matheus E. ; Dunning, Luke T. ; Curran, Emma V. ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Powell, Robyn F. …
polyploidy, miombo woodlands, phylogenomics, C4 photosynthesis, phylogeography, and admixture
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Journal article
A haplotype-led approach to increase the precision of wheat breeding
Crop productivity must increase at unprecedented rates to meet the needs of the growing worldwide population. Exploiting natural variation for the genetic improvement of crops plays a central role in increasing productivity. Although current genomic technologies can be used for high-throughput identification of genetic variation, methods for efficiently exploiting this...Brinton, Jemima ; 10 Wheat Genome Project ; Ramirez-Gonzalez, Ricardo H. ; Simmonds, James ; Wingen, Luzie …
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Journal article
Habitat specialisation controls ectomycorrhizal fungi above the treeline in the European Alps
Alpine habitats are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to environmental change, however, little information is known about the drivers of plant–fungal interactions in these ecosystems and their resilience to climate change. We investigated the influence of the main drivers of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities along elevation and environmental gradients... -
Journal article
Contrasted histories of organelle and nuclear genomes underlying physiological diversification in a grass species
C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently in angiosperms, but most origins are relatively old so that the early events linked to photosynthetic diversification are blurred. The grass Alloteropsis semialata is an exception, as this species encompasses C4 and non-C4 populations. Using phylogenomics and population genomics, we infer the history of...Bianconi, Matheus E. ; Dunning, Luke T. ; Curran, Emma V. ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Powell, Robyn F. …
polyploidy, miombo woodlands, admixture, C₄ photosynthesis, phylogeography, and phylogenomics
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Journal article
Conservation priorities for African Vigna species: Unveiling Angola’s diversity hotspots
It is widely recognized that the conservation of the Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) in their wild habitats is fundamental to ensure the continuous supply of novel genetic material, crucial for future crop improvement. Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) and V. subterranea (bambara groundnut) are amongst the most significant African legumes as sources...Catarino, Silvia ; Rangel, Josefa ; Darbyshire, Iain ; Costa, Esperança ; Duarte, Maria Cristina …
Climate change, Crop wild relatives (CWR), Gap analysis, Leguminosae, Cowpea, and Protected areas
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Journal article
A robust phylogenomic framework for the calamoid palms
Well-supported phylogenies are a prerequisite for the study of the evolution and diversity of life on earth. The subfamily Calamoideae accounts for more than one fifth of the palm family (Arecaceae), occurs in tropical rainforests across the world, and supports a billion-dollar industry in rattan products. It contains ca. 550...Kuhnhäuser, Benedikt G. ; Bellot, Sidonie ; Couvreur, Thomas L.P. ; Dransfield, John ; Henderson, Andrew …
Systematics, Calamoideae, Phylogenomics, Gene tree conflict, Rattan, and Arecaceae
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Journal article
Fossil data support a pre-Cretaceous origin of flowering plants
Flowering plants (angiosperms) are the most diverse of all land plants, becoming abundant in the Cretaceous and achieving dominance in the Cenozoic. However, the exact timing of their origin remains a controversial topic, with molecular clocks generally placing their origin much further back in time than the oldest unequivocal fossils....Silvestro, Daniele ; Bacon, Christine D. ; Ding, Wenna ; Zhang, Qiuyue ; Donoghue, Philip C. J. …
Evolution, Computational biology and bioinformatics , and Plant sciences
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Journal article
Stomatal responses to carbon dioxide and light require abscisic acid catabolism in Arabidopsis
In plants, stomata control water loss and CO2 uptake. The aperture and density of stomatal pores, and hence the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere, are controlled by internal factors such as the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and external signals including light and CO2. In this...Movahedi, Mahsa ; Zoulias, Nicholas ; Casson, Stuart A. ; Sun, Peng ; Liang, Yun-Kuan …
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Journal article
Refining the Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: How Plant Fiber Technology Drove Social Complexity During the Preceramic Period.
Complex society, Preceramic Period, Cotton, South coast Peru, Plant bast fibers, Peru, Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization, Fishing nets, and Broad Spectrum Revolution
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Journal article
Regulation of seed germination by diurnally alternating temperatures in disturbance-adapted banana crop wild relatives (Musa acuminata).
Seed conservation of banana crop wild relatives (Musa L. spp.) is limited because of lack of knowledge about their germination ecology. Musa acuminata Colla, the most important banana crop wild relative, is distributed in tropical and subtropical Asian and Pacific rainforests and colonizes disturbed sites. The role of temperature in... -
Journal article
Low dispersal and ploidy differences in a grass maintain photosynthetic diversity despite gene flow and habitat overlap.
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Journal article
Seed Banks as Incidental Fungi Banks: Fungal Endophyte Diversity in Stored Seeds of Banana Wild Relatives.
Hill, Rowena ; Llewellyn, Theo ; Downes, Elizabeth ; Oddy, Joseph ; MacIntosh, Catriona …
Endophytic fungi, Musa, Banana, Seed banking, Fusarium, Crop wild relatives, and Seed mycobiome
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Journal article
Carbon for nutrient exchange between Lycopodiella inundata and Mucoromycotina fine root endophytes is unresponsive to high atmospheric CO2.
Hoysted, Grace A. ; Kowal, Jill ; Bidartondo, Martin I. ; Field, Katie J.
Endogonales ·, Mucoromycotina, Vascular plants , Atmospheric CO2, Fine root endophytes , and Lycopodiella inundata
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Journal article
Complex evolutionary history of two ecologically significant grass genera, Themeda and Heteropogon (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Andropogoneae).
Arthan, Watchara ; Dunning, Luke T. ; Besnard, Guillaume ; Manzi, Sophie ; Kellogg, Elizabeth A. …
Pleistocene, C4 grassland expansion, Phylogenomics, Plastomes, Anthistiriinae, and Dating
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Journal article
Using structural colour to track length scale of cell-wall layers in developing Pollia japonica fruits.
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Journal article
Assessing the evolution of wheat grain traits during the last 166 years using archived samples.
Ben Mariem, Sinda ; Gámez, Angie L. ; Larraya, Luis ; Fuertes-Mendizabal, Teresa ; Cañameras, Nuria …
Evolution, Natural variation in plants, Plant development , Plant stress responses, and Triticum
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Other
Indigenous food systems, biocultural heritage and the SDGs: challenges, interdisciplinary research gaps and empowering methodologies.
Indigenous Peoples’ food systems have a critical role to play in addressing the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but face many challenges and have so far received little attention from researchers and policymakers. This virtual workshop, consisting of four webinars held in October 2020, brought together several Indigenous representatives, academics,...Swiderska, Krystyna ; Ryan, Philippa
Sustainable development goals, Biocultural heritage, Indigenous food systems, Empowerment, Food systems, and Sustainable agriculture
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Journal article
Taking the pulse of Earth’s tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots.
ForestPlots.net
Ecology , AfriTRON , RAINFOR , Monitoring , Southeast Asia , Amazonia, Global change , Dynamics , Africa , Rainforest , Biodiversity , Species richness , Permanent sample plots , Carbon sink , and Forest plots
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Journal article
On the origin of giant seeds: the macroevolution of the double coconut (Lodoicea maldivica) and its relatives (Borasseae, Arecaceae).
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Journal article
The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era.
Liimatainen, K. ; Niskanen, T. ; Dima, B. ; Kytövuori, I. ; Ammirati, J. F. …
Taxonomy, Typification, Diversity, Basidiomycota, ITS, and DNA barcoding
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Journal article
Bio-Dem, a tool to explore the relationship between biodiversity data availability and socio-political conditions in time and space.
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Journal article
Loss of functional diversity through anthropogenic extinctions of island birds is not offset by biotic invasions.
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Journal article
New species and nomenclatural changes in Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) from Madagascar.