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Journal article
Potential adaptive strategies for 29 sub-Saharan crops under future climate change
Climate change is expected to severely impact cultivated plants and consequently human livelihoods, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Increasing agricultural plant diversity (agrobiodiversity) could overcome this global challenge given more information on the climatic tolerance of crops and their wild relatives. Using >200,000 worldwide occurrence records for 29 major crops... -
Journal article
New combinations and a new name for including Nemum species in Bulbostylis (Abildgaardieae: Cyperaceae)
A recent study included the genus Nemum into Bulbostylis. The combinations made for Nemum spadiceum and Nemum megastachyum resulted in illegitimate names. Here, the epithet of the homotypic name Scirpus briziformis is used to make nomenclaturally correct combinations for both subspecies of Nemum spadiceum in Bulbostylis. Furthermore, Bulbostylis brunneoacuminata, nomen...Larridon, Isabel ; Goetghebeur, Paul ; Roalson, Eric
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Journal article
Vector compositions change across forested to deforested ecotones in emerging areas of zoonotic malaria transmission in Malaysia
In lowland areas of Malaysia, Plasmodium knowlesi infection is associated with land use change and high proportions of the vector Anopheles balabacensis. We conducted a 15-month study in two Malaysian villages to determine the effect of habitat on vector populations in understudied high-altitude, high-incidence districts. Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled in...Hawkes, Frances ; Manin, Benny ; Cooper, Amanda ; Daim, Sylvia ; R., Homathevi …
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Journal article
A revision of Scleria (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar
A taxonomic revision of the genus Scleria (Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae) in Madagascar is presented. Herbarium specimens have been examined and 422 identified to species level. Our results recognise 25 species of Scleria from Madagascar, plus an additional heterotypic variety. Eight species are endemic to Madagascar, two are near endemic, eight taxa...Galán Díaz, J. ; Bauters, K. ; Rabarivola, L. ; Xanthos, Martin ; Goetghebeur, P. …
conservation, endemic species, Madagascar, revision, identification key, Cyperaceae, and Scleria
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Journal article
Desiccation Tolerance in Chlorophyllous Fern Spores: Are Ecophysiological Features Related to Environmental Conditions?
Fern spores of most species are desiccation tolerant (DT) and, in some cases, are photosynthetic at maturation, the so-called chlorophyllous spores (CS). The lifespan of CS in the dry state is very variable among species. The physiological, biochemical, and biophysical mechanisms underpinning this variability remain understudied and their interpretation from... -
Journal article
Conserved numts mask a highly divergent mitochondrial-COI gene in a species complex of Australian stingless bees Tetragonula (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Tetragonula carbonaria, Tetragonula davenporti, Tetragonula hockingsi and Tetragonula mellipes comprise a species complex of Australian stingless bee species known as the ‘Carbonaria’ group. The species are difficult to distinguish morphologically and the major species-defining characters relate to comb architecture and nest entrance ornamentation. The taxonomy of the group is further...Françoso, Elaine ; Zuntini, Alexandre ; Ricardo, Paulo ; Silva, João ; Brito, Rute …
Australia, COI numts, COI, Carbonaria group, and stingless bees
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Journal article
Factors Affecting Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes From Herbarium Specimens Spanning the Diversity of Angiosperms
The world’s herbaria collectively house millions of diverse plant specimens, including endangered or extinct species and type specimens. Unlocking genetic data from the typically highly degraded DNA obtained from herbarium specimens was difficult until the arrival of high-throughput sequencing approaches, which can be applied to low quantities of severely fragmented... -
Journal article
Two new genera of Acanthaceae from tropical Africa
DNA sequence data, macro-morphological evidence and pollen analysis are used to clarify the phylogenetic placement of two African species of Acanthaceae: Schaueria populifolia C.B.Clarke and Rhinacanthus ndorensis Schweinf. The combined data demonstrate that these species are only distantly related to the genera in which they are currently placed and provide...Darbyshire, Iain ; Kiel, Carrie ; Daniel, Thomas ; McDade, Lucinda ; Luke, Quentin
taxonomy, justicioid, phylogeny, and Floristics
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Journal article
Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera
A synopsis of the genera Coleus Lour, Equilabium A.J.Paton, Mwany. & Culham and Plectranthus L’Hér. (Lamiaceae, Tribe Ocimeae, Subtribe Plecranthinae) is presented. Generic delimitation follows a recently published molecular phylogeny which identified Coleus as the sister of the remaining genera of Subtribe Plectranthinae; Plectranthus as sister to Tetradenia Benth. and...Paton, Alan ; Mwanyambo, Montfort ; Govaerts, Rafaël ; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil ; Suddee, Somran …
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Journal article
Wheat seed ageing viewed through the cellular redox environment and changes in pH
To elucidate biochemical mechanisms leading to seed deterioration, we studied 23 wheat genotypes after exposure to seed bank storage for 6?16 years compared to controlled deterioration (CD) at 45?°C and 14 (CD14) and 18% (CD18) moisture content (MC) for up to 32 days. Under two seed bank storage conditions, seed viability was...Nagel, Manuela ; Seal, Charlotte ; Colville, Louise ; Rodenstein, Axel ; Un, Sun …
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Journal article
Uvaria botryoides (Annonaceae), a new species from Angola
Uvaria botryoides Paiva, a new species from Angola is described and illustrated. The species distribution is mapped, and its conservation status assessed. It is compared to all species of the genus Uvaria that occur in Angola and a key to Angolan species is presented.Paiva, Jorge ; Bárrios, Sara
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Journal article
Tropical monodominant forest resilience to climate change in Central Africa: A Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest pollen record over the past 2,700 years
Question The existence of monodominant forest in highly diverse tropical rainforest has been the subject of much debate. One hypothesis suggests that the combination of advantageous traits and long periods of low disturbance is key for this forest's persistence. Here we ask whether there is evidence for the long-term presence... -
Journal article
Two new genera and species of Linderniaceae (Lamiales) from inselbergs in northeastern Brazil: morphological and karyological evidence
During field studies of the inselbergs of northeastern Brazil, two potentially new species of were discovered. They share morphological characters with several genera of Linderniaceae (Lamiales) such as Ameroglossum , Cubitanthus and Stemodiopsis , but the morphological differences are such that they do not make a good fit with any...Almeida, Erton ; Wanderley, Artur ; Santos, Amanda ; De Melo, JosÉ ; Souza, Gustavo …
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Book chapter
Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Drugs: From Heritage to Future Developments
Traditional Chinese medicineTraditional chinese medicine(TCM) refers to medicine that has been collected, processed, prepared, and applied in clinics under the guidance of TCM theory. TCM herbal drugs mainly come from natural medicinal ingredients and their processed products, including plant medicine, animal medicine, mineral drugs, and parts of chemical biological preparation....Fan, Tai-Ping ; Zhu, Yingli ; Leon, Christine ; Franz, Gerhard ; Bender, Andreas …
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Journal article
Trade-off or coordination? Correlations between ballochorous and myrmecochorous phases of diplochory
1.The combination of two dispersal syndromes (diplochory) brings additional benefits to seeds, yet the relative costs and benefits of the two phases are poorly understood. Our goal is to provide the first quantification to test the long-standing assumption that there are trade-offs between the two phases in ballistic–ant diplochory. 2.Dispersal...Chen, Si-Chong ; Pahlevani, Amir ; Malíková, Lenka ; Riina, Ricarda ; Thomson, Fiona …
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Journal article
Towards a characterisation of the wild legume bitter vetch (Lathyrus linifolius L. (Reichard) Bässler): heteromorphic seed germination, root nodule structure and N-fixing rhizobial symbionts
Lathyrus linifolius L. (Reichard) Bässler (Fabiaceae, bitter vetch) is a nitrogen (N) fixing species. A coloniser of low nutrient (N) soils, it supports biodiversity such as key moth and butterfly species, and its roots are known for their organoleptic and claimed therapeutic properties. Thus, the species has high potential for...Dello, Jacovo ; Valentine, T ; Maluk, M ; Toorop, P ; Lopez del Egido, L …
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Journal article
Towards a scientific rationale for traditional properties of Chinese medicinal plants: “natures” and “flavors”
Objective According to theory of Chinese medicine property, the ecological environment shapes properties (natures and flavors) of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and there are close relationships between certain natures and flavors. However, to date these observations have not been validated scientifically in the context of the whole flora of a...Li, Li-ping ; Zhang, Ben-gang ; Zhang, Zhao ; Li, Xiao-jin ; Wang, Guo-ping …
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Journal article
Three species of Coleus (Lamiaceae) from the Guinean Highlands: a new species, a new combination and clarification of Coleus splendidus
Species delineation and taxonomic status of three species of Coleus Lour. from the Guinean Highlands, West Africa, are discussed in the context of related taxa. A new species, C. ferricola Phillipson, O.Hooper & A.J.Paton, is found on iron-rich substrates. The related C. splendidus A.Chev. is recognised as a distinct species...Phillipson, P ; Hooper, O ; Haba, P ; Cheek, M ; Paton, A
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Journal article
Thermal thresholds for seed germination in Mediterranean species are higher in mountain compared with lowland areas
Each taxon is characterized by a temperature range over which seed germination is possible and this may vary in space and time in relation to climate and ecological conditions. We used thermal modelling to test the hypothesis that thermal thresholds for seed germination can predict germination timing of Mediterranean species...Picciau, R. ; Pritchard, Hugh ; Mattana, E. ; Bacchetta, G.
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Journal article
The spatio-temporal variability of groundwater storage in the Amazon River Basin
In large Tropical River basins such as the Amazon, groundwater plays a major role in the water and ecological cycles with large influences on the rainforest ecosystems and climate variability. However, due to the lack of monitoring networks, Amazon groundwater storage and its variability remain poorly known. Here, we provide...Frappart, F ; Papa, F ; Güntner, A ; Tomasella, J ; Pfeffer, J …
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Journal article
The Manokwari Declaration: Challenges ahead in conserving 70% of Tanah Papua’s forests
The Manokwari Declaration is an unprecedented pledge by the governors of Indonesia’s two New Guinea provinces to promote conservation and become SE Asia’s new Costa Rica. This is an exciting, yet challenging endeavour that will require working on many fronts that transcend single disciplines. Because Indonesian New Guinea has the...Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo ; Schuiteman, Andre ; Utteridge, Timothy ; Bramley, Gemma ; Deverell, Richard …
Policy, Manokwari Declaration, Biodiversity, Conservation planning, and Indigenous peoples
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Journal article
The Use of Phylogenetic Diversity in Conservation Biology and Community Ecology: A Common Base but Different Approaches
The use of phylogenetic tools and studies has strongly increased in the last two decades especially in conservation biology and community ecology. Phylogenetic trees are essential to understand the processes of community or network assembly, to identify centers of diversification, and to help protect Earth?s evolutionary heritage. Despite two decades...Véron, Simon ; Saito, Victor ; Padilla-García, Nélida ; Forest, Félix ; Bertheau, Yves
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Journal article
The scent of symbiosis: gut bacteria may affect social interactions in leaf-cutting ants
Animal gut microbiota affect host physiology and behaviour. In social insects, where colony level integrity is preserved via a nestmate discrimination system based on cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures, microorganismal effects may therefore influence social dynamics. Although nestmate recognition has undergone a thorough exploration during the last four decades, few studies have...Teseo, Serafino ; van Zweden, Jelle ; Pontieri, Luigi ; Kooij, Pepijn W. ; Sørensen, Søren …
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Journal article
The Impact of Mutualisms on Species Richness
Mutualisms – cooperative interactions among different species – are known to influence global biodiversity. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical work has led to divergent hypotheses about how mutualisms modulate diversity. We ask here when and how mutualisms influence species richness. Our synthesis suggests that mutualisms can promote or restrict species richness...Chomicki, Guillaume ; Weber, Marjorie ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Bascompte, Jordi ; Kiers, Toby
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Journal article
The influence of organic and inorganic chelators on the toxicity of bulk and nanoparticles of zinc oxide during germination and seedling growth of Nicotiana tabacum L
Nano and bulk-forms of zinc oxide (ZnO) are used extensively in industry and consequently may accumulate in the environment. However, there is little information available on the comparative effects of these forms during the critical early stages of plant life. Furthermore, the role of chelating agents, which affect the bioavailability...Tirani, Maryam ; Haghjou, Maryam ; Sulieman, Saad ; Colville, Louise ; Ismaili, Ahmad
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Book chapter
The Flora of Angola: Collectors, Richness and Endemism
Angola is botanically rich and floristically diverse, but is still very unevenly explored with very few collections from the eastern half of the country. We present an overview of historical and current botanical activity in Angola, and point to some areas of future research. Approximately 6850 species are native to...Goyder, David ; Gonçalves, Francisco
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Journal article
The future of walnut–fruit forests in Kyrgyzstan and the status of the iconic Endangered apple Malus niedzwetzkyana
Forest ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services, but are declining worldwide. Malus niedzwetzkyana, an Endangered wild relative of domesticated apples, is an important component of the walnut–fruit forests of Central Asia. Its iconic pink blossom and genetic properties give it special cultural and scientific significance, but...Wilson, Brett ; Mills, Morena ; Kulikov, Maksim ; Clubbe, Colin
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Journal article
The chemical constituents of Penianthus longifolius Miers
Fourteen compounds were isolated from the roots, leaves and twigs of Penianthus longifolius Miers (Menispermaceae), including two previously unreported neo-clerodane diterpenoids, penianthin (1), its C-8 epimer (2). In addition, the previously reported O-methylmoschatoline (3), taraxerol (4), taraxerone (5), rubrosterone, (6), panuosterone (7), 22-epi-20-hydroxyecdysone (8), ergosterol peroxide (9), stigmast-5-ene-3,7-dione (10), stigmasterol...Tabekoueng, Georges ; Akak, Carine ; Langat, Moses K. ; Blaise, Azebaze ; Kamdem Waffo, Alain …
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Journal article
The first herbarium collection from the south Arabian coast?
Investigation of the provenance of a herbarium gathering of Kissenia arabica (Loasaceae) at the Natural History Museum, London, reveals it to be part of the likely earliest extant herbarium collection from the south Arabian coast. Gathered in 1781-1782, the collection was possibly made by the colourful John Oswald (c. 1760-1793).Mabberley, David ; Pickering, Helen
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Journal article
The Callerya Group redefined and Tribe Wisterieae (Fabaceae) emended based on morphology and data from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences
The Tribe Wisterieae (Zhu 1994), founded on the single genus Wisteria, is emended and recircumscribed based on morphology and data from nuclear ITS and ndhJ-trnF, matK and rbcL chloroplast DNA sequences. This newly enlarged tribe comprises 36 species and 9 infraspecific taxa within 13 described genera. Six genera are new,...Compton, James ; Schrire, Brian ; Könyves, Kálmán ; Forest, Félix ; Malakasi, Panagiota …
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Journal article
The Antiangiogenic Activity of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Homoisoflavonoids from the Hyacinthaceae (sensu APGII)
Excessive blood vessel formation in the eye is implicated in wet age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity, which are major causes of blindness. Small molecule antiangiogenic drugs are strongly needed to supplement existing biologics. Homoisoflavonoids have been previously shown to have potent antiproliferative activities... -
Journal article
Taxonomic notes on Goodyera (Goodyerinae, Cranichideae, Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) in China and an addition to orchid flora of Vietnam
Based on fieldwork and examination of fresh as well as preserved specimens, Goodyera bomiensis and G. wolongensis are reduced under the synonymy of G. brachystegia and G. serpens respectively. Goodyera serpens and G. marginata are reinstated as accepted species, and G. afzelii, previously thought to be restricted to Madagascar and...Liu, Yan Wen ; Zhou, Xiao Xu ; Schuiteman, André ; Kumar, Pankaj ; Hermans, Johan …
Vietnam, China, Disjunct distribution, Jewel orchids, Goodyera, Monocots, Asia, and Synonyms
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Journal article
Taxonomic revision of Clinacanthus (Acanthaceae) in Thailand
The taxonomy of Clinacanthus in Thailand is revised. Nomenclature, descriptions and a key to the species are provided. Clinacanthus nutans is lectotypified. Clinacanthus burmanni var. robinsoni from Vietnam is found to be distinct from both C. nutans and C. siamensis and is elevated to species status.Bongcheewin, Bhanubong ; Darbyshire, Iain ; Satitpatipan, Veena ; Kongsawadworakul, Panida
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Journal article
Systematics and evolution of the Old World Ebenaceae, a review with emphasis on the large genus Diospyros and its radiation in New Caledonia
In this review article, we provide an overview of the status of research on Old World Ebenaceae with an emphasis on the large genus Diospyros. The well-supported phylogenetic tree obtained from nucleotide sequences of multiple regions of plastid genome gave clear insights into the subfamilial classification of Ebenaceae. It supported...Samuel, Rosabelle ; Turner, Barbara ; Duangjai, Sutee ; Munzinger, Jérôme ; Paun, Ovidiu …
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Journal article
Survival and growth of embryo axes of temperate trees after two decades of cryo-storage
Liquid nitrogen (LN) storage is recommended for conserving plants with seeds for which standard seed banking is not feasible, but there are few empirical reports confirming its long-term effectiveness. In this study we evaluated in vitro viability and ex vitro growth of embryo axes of a species that is short-lived...Ballesteros, Daniel ; Pence, Valerie
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Journal article
Supplementary descriptions of inflorescence and achene of two species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China
We demonstrate the high value of the inflorescence and achene for taxon delimitation in Elatostema. Over half of the descriptions of the ca 280 species described from China, however, lack information on inflorescence and/or achene morphology and this hampers the progress of species discovery and infrageneric classification. In this paper...Fu, Long-Fei ; Xin, Zi-Bing ; Monro, Alexandre ; Wen, Fang ; Li, Shu …
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Journal article
Succulent plant diversity as natural capital
Societal Impact Statement Drought-tolerant plants are increasingly recognized as a resource to mitigate the consequences of climate change. Succulent plants use stored water to sustain metabolism during regular droughts; succulence is a highly successful adaptation that has evolved in thousands of species throughout the plant kingdom. Desert (xeromorphic) succulent species...Grace, Olwen
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Journal article
Structure and abnormalities in cones of the Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis)
Reproductive structures of both genders of Wollemia nobilis were investigated, including both wild-type and teratological cones. Typically, both pollen cones and seed cones in this species are terminal on first order branches. At maturity, wild-type pollen cones are pendulous and cylindrical; wild-type seed cones are broad and ellipsoidal in shape....Dörken, Veit ; Rudall, Paula
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Journal article
Stachytarpheta atkinsiae, a new species of Verbenaceae endemic to the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Stachytarpheta atkinsiae, belonging to the Radlkoferiana group from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state Brazil, is here described. It is a red-flowered species, and unusual in being a large, much-branched shrub, with densely lanate indumentum. The species shows similarities with S. froesii and S. radlkoferiana, but differs from both vegetative and...Harley, R ; Antar, G ; Giulietti, A
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Journal article
Strangler unmasked: Parasitism of Cystoderma amianthinum by Squamanita paradoxa and S. pearsonii
The mushroom-forming genus Squamanita comprises 10 described species, all parasitic on basidiomes of other members of the order Agaricales, including members of the genera Cystoderma, Galerina, Inocybe and Hebeloma. Here we report an anatomical investigation of the stipitate “mycocecidium’ (=fungus gall) formed on the basidiome of Cystoderma amianthinum (“powdercap”) by...Griffith, G ; Gajda, K ; Detheridge, A ; Douglas, B ; Bingham, J …
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Journal article
Spatial characterization and distribution modelling of Ensete ventricosum (wild and cultivated) in Ethiopia
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) feeds around 20 million people in Ethiopia and is arguably the most important crop for food security and rural livelihoods in the country. Therefore, it is significant to know its spatial characterization and distribution in the country. We use spatial overlay analysis and the maximum entropy (MaxEnt)...Eshetae, M ; Hailu, B ; Demissew, S
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Journal article
Species distribution modelling and seed germination of four threatened snow lotus (Saussurea), and their implication for conservation
Plant environmental envelops and seed regenerative traits of high altitude plants may contribute to competitiveness or endangerment under abiotic conditions that enforce a short growing season. Here, we investigate the factors threatening the existence of four, typical snow lotus species (Saussurea laniceps, S. medusa, S. quercifolia, S. gnaphalodes) endemic to...Peng, Deli ; Sun, Lu ; Pritchard, Hugh ; Yang, Juan ; Sun, Hang …
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Journal article
Shifts in the abiotic and biotic environment of cultivated sunflower under future climate change
Sunflower is a unique model species for assessing crop responses and adaptation to climate change. We provide an initial assessment of how climate change may influence the abiotic and biotic environment of cultivated sunflower across the world. We find an 8% shift between current and future climate space in cultivated...Mehrabi, Zia ; Pironon, Samuel ; Kantar, Michael ; Ramankutty, Navin ; Rieseberg, Loren
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Journal article
Smectite clay KSF as effective catalyst for oxidation of m-tyrosol with H 2 O 2 to hydroxytyrosol
A successful procedure to demonstrate the ability to produce high-added value phenolic hydroxytyrosol by oxidation of m-tyrosol was developed, using clay KSF/H 2 O with peroxide hydrogen to afford excellent yields (more than 60%). Three different operating parameters, including m-tyrosol, H 2 O 2 concentration and amount of catalyst were...Frikha, N ; Bouguerra, S ; Kite, G ; Abdelhedi, R ; Bouaziz, M
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Journal article
Seeds tend to disperse further in the tropics
Despite the importance of seed dispersal in a plant's life cycle, global patterns in seed dispersal distance have seldom been studied. This paper presents the first geographically and taxonomically broad quantification of the latitudinal gradient in seed dispersal distance. Although there is substantial variation in the seed dispersal distances of...Chen, Si-Chong ; Tamme, Riin ; Thomson, Fiona ; Moles, Angela
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Journal article
Seed enhancing treatments: comparative analysis of germination characteristics of 23 key herbaceous species used in European restoration programmes
The response of seeds from 23 wild plant species to a range of seed enhancing treatments was studied. We tested the hypothesis that sensitivity of the 23 species to these compounds is related to their ecological niche. The three ecological niches considered were open land, open-pioneer and woodland. Hence, the...Lopez del Egido, L ; Toorop, P ; Lanfermeijer, F