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Journal article
High-quality genome sequence of white lupin provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an annual crop cultivated for its protein-rich seeds. It is adapted to poor soils due to the production of cluster roots, which are made of dozens of determinate lateral roots that drastically improve soil exploration and nutrient acquisition (mostly phosphate). Using long-read sequencing technologies,...Hufnagel, Bárbara ; Marques, André ; Soriano, Alexandre ; Marquès, Laurence ; Divol, Fanchon …
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Journal article
Additive Effect of Botanical Insecticide and Entomopathogenic Fungi on Pest Mortality and the Behavioral Response of Its Natural Enemy
Sustainable agricultural intensification employs alternatives to synthetic insecticides for pest management, but these are not always a direct replacement. Botanical insecticides, for example, have rapid knockdown but are highly labile and while biological pesticides are more persistent, they are slow acting. To mitigate these shortcomings, we combined the entomopathogenic fungus... -
Journal article
Lepiniopsis ternatensis sap stimulates fibroblast proliferation and down regulates macrophage TNF-α secretion
The sap of the tree Lepiniopsis ternatensis is used as a topical treatment for cutaneous leg ulcers in Papua New Guinea. This study, which is the first investigation of this medicinal plant, examines the effect of the sap on wound healing biology using human-derived primary cell lines. NMR spectra from...Moses, Rachael L. ; Dally, Jordanna ; Lundy, Fionnuala T. ; Langat, Moses K. ; Kiapranis, Robert …
fibroblast, Lepiniopsis ternatensis, trifucol, TNF-α, Papua New Guinea, and wound healing
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Journal article
A taxonomic monograph of Ipomoea integrated across phylogenetic scales
Taxonomic monographs have the potential to make a unique contribution to the understanding of global biodiversity. However, such studies, now rare, are often considered too daunting to undertake within a realistic time frame, especially as the world’s collections have doubled in size in recent times. Here, we report a global-scale...Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo ; Carruthers, Tom ; Wood, John R. I. ; Williams, Bethany R. M. ; Weitemier, Kevin …
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Journal article
The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well... -
Journal article
Evolutionary diversity in tropical tree communities peaks at intermediate precipitation
Global patterns of species and evolutionary diversity in plants are primarily determined by a temperature gradient, but precipitation gradients may be more important within the tropics, where plant species richness is positively associated with the amount of rainfall. The impact of precipitation on the distribution of evolutionary diversity, however, is...Neves, Danilo M. ; Dexter, Kyle G. ; Baker, Timothy R. ; Coelho de Souza, Fernanda ; Oliveira-Filho, Ary T. …
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Journal article
Characterization of sequence variability hotspots in Cranichideae plastomes (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae)
This study reports complete plastome sequences for six species of Neotropical Cranichideae and focuses on identification of the most variable regions (hotspots) in this group of orchids. These structure of these six plastomes is relatively conserved, exhibiting lengths ranging between 142,599 to 154,562 bp with 36.7% GC on average and...Smidt, Eric de Camargo ; Páez, Michelle Zavala ; Vieira, Leila do Nascimento ; Viruel, Juan ; de Baura, Valter Antônio …
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Journal article
Extracts of Common Pesticidal Plants Increase Plant Growth and Yield in Common Bean Plants
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important food and cash crop in many countries. Bean crop yields in sub-Saharan Africa are on average 50% lower than the global average, which is largely due to severe problems with pests and diseases as well as poor soil fertility exacerbated by low-input smallholder...Mkindi, Angela G. ; Tembo, Yolice L.B. ; Mbega, Ernest R. ; Kendal-Smith, Amy ; Farrell, Iain W. …
tryptophan, phenylalanine, rutin, botanicals, induced systemic response, and foliar fertiliser
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Journal article
Knowledge gaps among smallholder farmers hinder adoption of conservation biological control
Conservation biological control uses habitat management to enhance the survival and impact of arthropod natural enemies for pest control. Its advantages are that it relies on native or established invertebrate populations that are adapted to local agricultural ecosystems and conditions. We surveyed 300 farmers in three agro-ecological zones of Kilimanjaro... -
Journal article
Three new species and some nomenclatural changes in Senecio (Compositae/Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in the Flora Zambesiaca area
Three new Senecio species are described, S. fanshawei from Zambia, S. ngandae from Malawi and S. nyangani from Zimbabwe. A new combination is made under S. brachypodus and a taxon is added to the synonymy of this species; single taxa are added for the first time to the synonymy of...Beentje, Henk
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Journal article
Rapid Least Concern: towards automating Red List assessments
The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM (hereafter the Red List) is an important global resource for conservation that supports conservation planning, safeguarding critical habitat and monitoring biodiversity change (Rodrigues et al. 2006). However, a major shortcoming of the Red List is that most of the world's described species have...Bachman, Steven ; Walker, Barnaby ; Barrios, Sara ; Copeland, Alison ; Moat, Justin
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Journal article
New island record and conservation status of Puerto Rican Bank endemic plant species, Ruehssia woodburyana (Acev.-Rodr.) Goyder, comb. nov., formally transferred from Marsdenia
Thought to be endemic to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Ruehssia woodburyana (Apocynaceae) was recently discovered at a single location on Norman Island in the British Virgin Islands. Despite an increase in the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy, this species meta-population is very limited with a total of...Bárrios, Sara ; Sustache, José ; Goyder, David ; Hamilton, Martin
nomenclature, conservation, endemism, Apocynaceae, red list, new combination, and Caribbean flora
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Journal article
Phylogenomics and biogeography of the world's thrushes (Aves, Turdus): new evidence for a more parsimonious evolutionary history
To elucidate the relationships and spatial range evolution across the world of the bird genus Turdus (Aves), we produced a large genomic dataset comprising ca 2 million nucleotides for ca 100 samples representing 53 species, including over 2000 loci. We estimated time-calibrated maximum-likelihood and multispecies coalescent phylogenies and carried out...Batista, Romina ; Olsson, Urban ; Andermann, Tobias ; Aleixo, Alexandre ; Ribas, Camila Cherem …
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Journal article
Enset‐based agricultural systems in Ethiopia: A systematic review of production trends, agronomy, processing and the wider food security applications of a neglected banana relative
Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is the major starch staple of the Ethiopian Highlands, where its unique attributes enhance the food security of approximately 20 million people and have earned it the title “The Tree Against Hunger”. Yet enset‐based agriculture is virtually unknown outside of its narrow zone of cultivation,... -
Journal article
Taxonomic Synopsis of the genus Chamaecrista (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás, Brazil
Chamaecrista is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae subfamily Caesalpinioideae and comprises 330 species, of these, 222 species are present in the Phytogeographic Cerrado Domain in Brazil. The taxonomy of the genus in Brazil continues to need study. Here we present a taxonomic synopsis of Chamaecrista for the Chapada...de Souza, Alessandro Oliveira ; Lewis, Gwilym P. ; da Silva, Marcos José
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Journal article
Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda)
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa where it continues to disrupt agriculture, particularly smallholder cereal production. Management of FAW in its native range in the Americas has led to the development of resistance to many... -
Journal article
A roadmap for global synthesis of the plant tree of life
Providing science and society with an integrated, up‐to‐date, high quality, open, reproducible and sustainable plant tree of life would be a huge service that is now coming within reach. However, synthesizing the growing body of DNA sequence data in the public domain and disseminating the trees to a diverse audience... -
Journal article
A Universal Probe Set for Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes from Any Flowering Plant Designed Using k-Medoids Clustering
Sequencing of target-enriched libraries is an efficient and cost-effective method for obtaining DNA sequence data from hundreds of nuclear loci for phylogeny reconstruction. Much of the cost of developing targeted sequencing approaches is associated with the generation of preliminary data needed for the identification of orthologous loci for probe design.... -
Journal article
Earth BioGenome Project: Sequencing life for the future of life
Increasing our understanding of Earth’s biodiversity and responsibly stewarding its resources are among the most crucial scientific and social challenges of the new millennium. These challenges require fundamental new knowledge of the organization, evolution, functions, and interactions among millions of the planet’s organisms. Herein, we present a perspective on the...Lewin, Harris A. ; Robinson, Gene E. ; Kress, W. John ; Baker, William J. ; Coddington, Jonathan …
genome sequencing, data science, biodiversity, genomics, and access and benefit sharing
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Journal article
Diplycosia papuana (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae: Gaultherieae): a new endemic species from central New Guinea
Diplycosia papuana (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae: Gaultherieae), a new endemic species from central New Guinea, is described and illustrated here. Notes on the distribution, ecology and conservation status of the new species, as well as a consideration of closely related species, are provided.Mustaqim, Wendy A. ; Utteridge, Timothy M. A. ; Heatubun, Charlie D.
taxonomy, Papua, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, and Malesia
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Journal article
Late Miocene origin and recent population collapse of the Malagasy savanna olive tree (Noronhia lowryi)
Debates regarding the origin of tropical savannas have attempted to disentangle the role of human, biotic and abiotic factors. Understanding the origins of savanna remains essential to identifying processes that gave rise to habitat mosaics, particularly those found in the Central Plateau of Madagascar. Documenting the evolutionary history and demography... -
Journal article
Brain expansion in early hominins predicts carnivore extinctions in East Africa
While the anthropogenic impact on ecosystems today is evident, it remains unclear if the detrimental effect of hominins on co‐occurring biodiversity is a recent phenomenon or has also been the pattern for earlier hominin species. We test this using the East African carnivore fossil record. We analyse the diversity of...Faurby, Søren ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Werdelin, Lars ; Antonelli, Alexandre
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Journal article
A revision of the African genus Mesanthemum (Eriocaulaceae)
Mesanthemum is a genus comprising 16 species in the family Eriocaulaceae and is native to Africa and Madagascar. Eriocaulaceae are characterised by a basal tuft or rosette of narrow leaves and small flowers in heads. Mesanthemum can be recognised by diplostemonous flowers and fused glandular pistillate petals. While most Mesanthemum...Liang, Yuxi ; Phillips, Sylvia M. ; Cheek, Martin ; Larridon, Isabel
Africa, molecular phylogenetics, Madagascar, lectotypifications, new species, SEM seed images, and taxonomy
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Journal article
A monograph of Caprifoliaceae: Linnaeeae
Tribe Linnaeeae is a diverse group disjunctly distributed in the northern hemisphere between China and Japan and Mexico. The tribe consists of shrubs with showy flowers that are important in the horticultural industry. We present a detailed monograph of tribe Linnaeeae that includes descriptions, identification keys, botanical plates with line...Landrein, Sven ; Farjon, Aljos
nomenclature, morphometric analysis, horticulture, distribution maps, evolution, identification keys, and conservation
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Journal article
Ethnobotany of Hawaiian figure sculpture
Anecdotal theories about traditional uses of Polynesian woods in relation to social and religious practices were tested using comparative wood identification. The woods used to make 135 figure carvings from the Hawaiian archipelago were identified and compared with 23 figure carvings from elsewhere in Polynesia (especially Tahiti and the Marquesas)....Rudall, Paula J. ; Cartwright, Caroline R.
Pacific Islands, Wood, Hawaii, Figure sculpture, and Ethnobotany
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Journal article
Astringent drugs for bleedings and diarrhoea: The history of Cynomorium coccineum (Maltese Mushroom)
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The botanical identity of the ancient vernacular cynomorium does not correspond to the modern scientific genus while it is not clear how many species of hipocistis (Cytinus sp.) were differentiated by the ancient physicians and whether Cynomorium coccineum was subsumed. The early history of therapeutic uses related to...Leonti, Marco ; Bellot, Sidonie ; Zucca, Paolo ; Rescigno, Antonio
tannins, haemorrhage, dysentery, Cytinus, history of materia medica, and gallic acid
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Journal article
A taxonomic revision of the myrmecophilous species of the rattan genus Korthalsia (Arecaceae)
The rattan genus Korthalsia Blume (Arecaceae: Calamoideae: Calameae) is widespread in the Malesian region. Among the 28 accepted species are 10 species that form intimate associations with ants. The ants inhabit the conspicuous ocreas that are produced by these species, using them as domatia to care for their young and...Shahimi, Salwa ; Conejero, Maria ; Prychid, Christina J. ; Rudall, Paula J. ; Hawkins, Julie A. …
taxonomy, Calamoideae, myrmecophily, ocrea, morphology, ant-plant mutualism, Malesia, and domatia
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Journal article
The Gerire Hills, SE Ethiopia: ecology and phytogeographical position of an additional local endemic, Anacampseros specksii (Anacampserotaceae).
Anacampseros specksii Dreher (Anacampserotaceae, in Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea in Portulacaceae), was described in 2016 from plants grown from seeds collected from Bale, SE Ethiopia. The species was not included in the paper on the Gerire Hills published by the present authors in Webbia in 2018. A. specksii is... -
Journal article
Extinction risk and conservation gaps for Aloe (Asphodelaceae) in the Horn of Africa
Identification of conservation priorities is essential for conservation planning, especially as the biodiversity crisis develops. We aimed to support conservation prioritisation by addressing knowledge gaps for the genus Aloe in the Horn of Africa. Specifically, we developed a dataset of herbarium voucher specimens and occurrence data to estimate geographic distribution...Bachman, Steven P. ; Wilkin, Paul ; Reader, Tom ; Field, Richard ; Weber, Odile …
Red List, threats, IUCN, and protected areas
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Journal article
First report of invasive scale insects feeding on the threatened plants Calyptranthes kiaerskovii Krug & Urban and Calyptranthes thomasiana O. Berg in the British Virgin Islands.
Invasive scale insects are reported for the first time feeding on the threatened endemic Kiaerskov's lidflower and Thomas' lidflower (Myrtaceae) in the British Virgin Islands (BVI). Comstock, Maskell, Kondo & Gullan and an undetermined diaspidid were found on ; and , (Westwood), and an undetermined asterolecaniid on . The significance... -
Journal article
Tackling Rapid Radiations With Targeted Sequencing
In phylogenetic studies across angiosperms, at various taxonomic levels, polytomies have persisted despite efforts to resolve them by increasing sampling of taxa and loci. The large amount of genomic data now available and statistical tools to analyze them provide unprecedented power for phylogenetic inference. Targeted sequencing has emerged as a... -
Research report
Knowledge gaps in the genetics of UK trees and shrubs
This report evaluates the knowledge gaps related to the genetics of UK trees and shrubs including those targeted by the UK National Tree Seed Project. Risk assessments have been conducted by following a decision tree based on two essential considerations: 1. Sampling strategies to capture genetic diversity, 2. Selection of...Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Taxus baccata L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Taxus baccata within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Viburnum opulus L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Viburnum opulus within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Rhamnus cathartica L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Rhamnus cathartica within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Salix repens L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Salix repens within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Viburnum lantana L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Viburnum lantana within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Ulmus glabra Huds. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Ulmus glabra within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Salix aurita L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Salix aurita within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Salix purpurea L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Salix purpurea within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Sambucus nigra L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Sambucus nigra within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Prunus spinosa L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Prunus spinosa within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Tilia platyphyllos Scop. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Tilia platyphyllos within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Prunus avium L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Prunus avium within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Populus nigra L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Populus nigra within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta
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Research report
Salix pentandra L. genetic risk assessment
A summary of the current understanding of genetic diversity and life history traits of Salix pentandra within the UK, including a genetic risk assessment for population sampling and current knowledge gaps.Gargiulo, Roberta