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Journal article
Assessing Specialized Metabolite Diversity in the Cosmopolitan Plant Genus Euphorbia L.
Coevolutionary theory suggests that an arms race between plants and herbivores yields increased plant specialized metabolite diversity and the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution predicts that coevolutionary interactions vary across geographic scales. Consequently, plant specialized metabolite diversity is expected to be highest in coevolutionary hotspots, geographic regions, which exhibit strong...Ernst, Madeleine ; Nothias, Louis-Félix ; van der Hooft, Justin ; Silva, Ricardo ; Saslis-Lagoudakis, Haris …
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Journal article
Phylogeny of the tribe Marsdenieae (Apocynaceae), reinstatement of Ruehssia and the taxonomic treatment of the genus in Brazil
The Marsdenieae (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) comprise approximately 750 species and 26 accepted genera, half of which contain just one or two species. The tribe has been under-represented in phylogenetic studies to date, most of which have focussed on the ornamental paleotropical genus Hoya and related genera. American Marsdenieae are all currently...Espírito Santo, Fabio da Silva do ; Rapini, Alessandro ; Ribeiro, Patrícia Luz ; Liede-Schumann, Sigrid ; Goyder, David J. …
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
The rediscovery and delimitation of Elatostema setulosum W.T.Wang (Urticaceae)
Of the 280 species of Elatostema documented in China, 189 are known only from a single collection. Elatostemasetulosum is one such species, having been known only from the type collection for nearly half a century, until recent field investigations in Guangxi. Due to its morphological similarity to E.huanjiangense and E.tetracephalum,...Fu, Long-Fei ; Monro, Alexandre ; Wen, Fang ; Xin, Zi-Bing ; Wei, Yi-Gang …
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Calyx (con)fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae)
Eugenia has a pantropical distribution and comprises ca. 1000 species found mostly in the Neotropics. Recent DNA based phylogenies show that unusual flower morphology of ‘eugenioid’ collections, e.g. fused calices that open by tearing, consistently emerged within Eugenia. These results emphasize a demand to revaluate flower morphology in a phylogenetic...Giaretta, Augusto ; Vasconcelos, Thais ; Mazine, Fiorella Fernanda ; Faria, Jair Eustáquio Quintino ; Flores, Rodolfo …
Genetics, Molecular Biology, and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae)
Mischogyne (Annonaceae, tribe Monodoreae) is a genus of small- to medium-sized tropical trees and shrubs. It is characterised by a combination of: (1) stamens and carpels on a more or less extended torus; (2) carpels divergent from each other at the apex of the torus above the anthers; (3) anthers...Gosline, George ; Marshall, Andrew R. ; Larridon, Isabel
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
The viability of a breeding programme for ash in the British Isles in the face of ash dieback
To evaluate the viability and feasibility of a future breeding programme to produce trees resistant to an emerging pest or pathogen, it is helpful to ask the following questions: How much variation in resistance exists in tree populations? To what extent is this resistance heritable? How many genetic loci are...Plumb, William J. ; Coker, Timothy L. R. ; Stocks, Jonathan ; Woodcock, Paul ; Quine, Christopher …
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Journal article
A Target Capture-Based Method to Estimate Ploidy From Herbarium Specimens
Whole genome duplication (WGD) events are common in many plant lineages, but the ploidy status and possible occurrence of intraspecific ploidy variation are unknown for most species. Standard methods for ploidy determination are chromosome counting and flow cytometry approaches. While flow cytometry approaches typically use fresh tissue, an increasing number...Viruel, Juan ; Conejero, María ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Pokorny, Lisa ; Powell, Robyn …
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Journal article
Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments
The need to understand nature’s contributions to people and across a broad spectrum of cultures and ecosystems is increasingly advocated in science assessments and policy decision-making for sustainability. However, for services such as food and medicine, gaps in existing studies on indigenous and local knowledge may preclude inclusive assessments. Here,...Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo ; Dennehy, Zoe
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Journal article
A revision of the Crepidorhopalon whytei complex (Linderniaceae) in eastern Africa
The Crepidorhopalon whytei (Linderniaceae) species complex is revised using morphological analyses. Based primarily on variations in indumentum, floral morphology, corolla colour and seed morphology, four species are formally recognised within this group in eastern Africa. Crepidorhopalon whytei s.str. is widespread in the highlands of eastern Africa, extending from South Sudan...Darbyshire, Iain ; Wursten, B. ; Luke, Q. ; Fischer, E.
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Journal article
A synopsis of Polysphaeria (Rubiaceae) in Mozambique, including two new species
The genus Polysphaeria is investigated in Mozambique based on detailed morphological studies of herbarium specimens, resulting in the recognition of two new species. The first, P. ribauensis, is based on Kraussia sp. A of Flora Zambesiaca and is endemic to the Ribáuè Mountains of Nampula Province. The second, P. harrisii,...Darbyshire, Iain ; Langa, Clayton ; Romeiras, Maria
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Journal article
Polyploidy does not control all: Lineage‐specific average chromosome length constrains genome size evolution in ferns
Recent studies investigating the evolution of genome size diversity in ferns have shown that they have a distinctive genome profile compared with other land plants. Ferns are typically characterized by possessing medium‐sized genomes, although a few lineages have evolved very large genomes. Ferns are different from other vascular plant lineages...Liu, Hong‐Mei ; Ekrt, Libor ; Koutecky, Petr ; Pellicer, Jaume ; Hidalgo, Oriane …
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Journal article
Opportunities and challenges for an Indonesian forest monitoring network
Permanent sampling plots (PSPs) are a powerful and reliable methodology to help our understanding of the diversity and dynamics of tropical forests. Based on the current inventory of PSPs in Indonesia, there is high potential to establish a long-term collaborative forest monitoring network. Whilst there are challenges to initiating such...Brearley, Francis Q. ; Adinugroho, Wahyu C. ; Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo ; Krisnawati, Haruni ; Ledo, Alicia …
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Journal article
Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution
Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfil diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolutionary history are poorly known,...Varga, Torda ; Krizsán, Krisztina ; Földi, Csenge ; Dima, Bálint ; Sánchez-García, Marisol …
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Journal article
New circumscription, morphology and synopsis of Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae (Leguminosae)
A new circumscription of Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae is presented based on the results of molecular and morphological analyses. The series is monophyletic upon exclusion of three species that were included within it by Irwin and Barneby. Morphological variation within the series is discussed. Characters previously neglected, such as...Rando, Juliana Gastaldello ; Pirani, José Rubens ; Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira ; Lewis, Gwilym Peter
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Journal article
Speciation in Howea palms occurred in sympatry, was preceded by ancestral admixture, and was associated with edaphic and phenological adaptation
Howea palms are viewed as one of the most clear-cut cases of speciation in sympatry. The sister species H. belmoreana and H. forsteriana are endemic to the oceanic Lord Howe Island, Australia, where they have overlapping distributions and are reproductively isolated mainly by flowering time differences. However, the potential role...Osborne, Owen ; Ciezarek, Adam ; Wilson, Trevor ; Crayn, Darren ; Hutton, Ian …
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Journal article
Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 4. Demographic analyses support speciation of Howea in the face of high gene flow
The idea that populations must be geographically isolated (allopatric) to evolve into separate species has persisted for a long time. It is now clear that new species can also diverge despite ongoing genetic exchange, but few accepted cases of speciation in sympatry have held up when scrutinized using modern approaches....Papadopulos, Alexander ; Igea, Javier ; Smith, Thomas ; Hutton, Ian ; Baker, William …
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Journal article
Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 3. Genetic map reveals genomic islands underlying species divergence in Howea
Although it is now widely accepted that speciation can occur in the face of continuous gene flow, with little or no spatial separation, the mechanisms and genomic architectures that permit such divergence are still debated. Here, we examined speciation in the face of gene flow in the Howea palms of...Papadopulos, Alexander ; Igea, Javier ; Dunning, Luke ; Osborne, Owen ; Quan, Xueping …
Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, and General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
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Journal article
Population structure of Betula albosinensis and Betula platyphylla: evidence for hybridization and a cryptic lineage
Background and Aims Differences in local abundance and ploidy level are predicted to impact the direction of introgression between species. Here, we tested these hypotheses on populations of Betula albosinensis (red birch) and Betula platyphylla (white birch) which were thought to differ in ploidy level, the former being tetraploid and...Hu, Ya-Nan ; Zhao, Lei ; Buggs, Richard ; Zhang, Xue-Min ; Li, Jun …
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Journal article
Current and future potential distributions of three Dracaena Vand. ex L. species under two contrasting climate change scenarios in Africa
Forest undergrowth plants are tightly connected with the shady and humid conditions that occur under the canopy of tropical forests. However, projected climatic changes, such as decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature, negatively affect understory environments by promoting light‐demanding and drought‐tolerant species. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the influence of climate...Bogawski, Paweł ; Damen, Theo ; Nowak, Maciej ; Pędziwiatr, Katarzyna ; Wilkin, Paul …
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Journal article
Native Useful Plants of Chile: A Review and Use Patterns
We compiled an inventory of the uses of the native flora of Chile by extracting uses cited in the literature until 2015. The inventory reported use citations for a total of 995 species of useful vascular plants (23% of Chile’s flora). These data were used to test the hypothesis that...Díaz-Forestier, Javiera ; León-Lobos, Pedro ; Marticorena, Alicia ; Celis-Diez, Juan ; Giovannini, Peter
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Journal article
Coping with ill-health: health care facility, chemist or medicinal plants? Health-seeking behaviour in a Kenyan wetland
Background Sub-Saharan African wetlands, settlement areas to growing populations, expose their users to diseases as necessary health infrastructure remains underdeveloped. Methods Mixed methods were adopted to assess the health-seeking behaviour of different exposure groups (farmers, pastoralists, service sector workers) in a Kenyan wetland community. Based on a cross-sectional survey (n = 400),...Anthonj, Carmen ; Giovannini, Peter ; Kistemann, Thomas
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Journal article
Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands
Solanum L. (Solanaceae) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and presents difficulties in identification due to lack of regional keys to all groups. Here we provide keys to all 135 species of Solanum native and naturalised in Africa (as defined by World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions):...Knapp, Sandra ; Vorontsova, Maria S. ; Särkinen, Tiina
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Journal article
Phylogenomic Relationships of Diploids and the Origins of Allotetraploids in Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)
Disentangling phylogenetic relationships proves challenging for groups that have evolved recently, especially if there is ongoing reticulation. Although they are in most cases immediately isolated from diploid relatives, sets of sibling allopolyploids often hybridize with each other, thereby increasing the complexity of an already challenging situation. Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) is...Brandrud, Marie K ; Baar, Juliane ; Lorenzo, Maria T ; Athanasiadis, Alexander ; Bateman, Richard M …
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Journal article
UAV survey at archaeological earthwork sites in the Brazilian state of Acre, southwestern Amazonia
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used for many scientific applications, including archaeological surveys. We test the suitability and practicability of UAV surveying in the tropical lowlands of Brazil and techniques for visualizing the resulting digital elevation models, specifically the Red Relief Image Map (RRIM). We present the results of...Saunaluoma, Sanna ; Anttiroiko, Niko ; Moat, Justin
Red Relief Image Map (RRIM), UAV survey, earthworks, visualization, structure‐from‐motion (SfM), and interfluvial Amazonia
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Journal article
Interaction of functional and environmental traits on seed germination of the multipurpose tree Flacourtia indica
Flacourtia indica (Salicaceae) is a multipurpose tree native to tropical regions of Africa and India, where it is mainly used for food and medicines. Its use in reforestation is limited by poor knowledge of its seed biology and germination ecology. The aim of this study was to determine how its... -
Journal article
Reconciling Darwin’s naturalization and pre‐adaptation hypotheses: An inference from phylogenetic fields of exotic plants in Japan
Aim Understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions remains a challenge for several disciplines, including biogeography. One major issue in overcoming this challenge is disentangling the confounding mechanisms of species invasiveness and community invasibility. Here, we tackle this issue by applying a novel approach based on the phylogenetic affinities...Kusumoto, Buntarou ; Villalobos, Fabricio ; Shiono, Takayuki ; Kubota, Yasuhiro
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Journal article
Hyb-Seq for Flowering Plant Systematics
High-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) presents great opportunities for plant systematics, yet genomic complexity needs to be reduced for HTS to be effectively applied. We highlight Hyb-Seq as a promising approach, especially in light of the recent development of probes enriching 353 low-copy nuclear genes from any flowering plant taxon. -
Journal article
Shift in flowering time allows diploid and autotetraploid Anacamptis pyramidalis (Orchidaceae) to coexist by reducing competition for pollinators
How autopolyploids establish when competing with diploid progenitors is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effects of morphological and phenological divergence on the reproductive success of co-occurring diploid and autotetraploid individuals of Anacamptis pyramidalis to disentangle the mechanisms allowing their c-oexistence. We estimated reproductive success in terms of absolute... -
Journal article
Enhancing identification accuracy for powdery mildews using previously underexploited DNA loci
The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA marker is routinely used for fungal identification but gives a clear result for only three out of four powdery mildew samples. A search for new markers indicates that some genes offer enhanced identification in comparison with ITS. Others fail due to amplification and sequencing...Ellingham, Oliver ; David, John ; Culham, Alastair
Erysiphales, molecular markers, ITS, Mcm7, BLAST, powdery mildew, survey, citizen science, and phylogeny
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Journal article
Ex situ conservation storage potential of Saxifraga cernua (Saxifragaceae) bulbils from alpine species
In high latitude and alpine environments many plants show an increase in viviparous reproduction in response to harsh environmental conditions. Low or no seed set means that ex situ conservation in the form of seed banking is not a conservation option for such species. We investigated the potential for bulbils...Breman, Elinor ; Détraz-Méroz, Jacqueline ; Terry, Janet ; Lambelet, Catherine
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Journal article
Effects of Bird Traits on Seed Dispersal of Endangered Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. with Ex-Situ and In-Situ Conservation
Biodiversity is rapidly decreasing worldwide. Its great importance has been attached to conservation through in-situ and ex-situ management. Animal-mediated seed dispersal is an important ecological process, linking the threatened plants and animal partners in ex-situ habitats, and in turn affecting tree conservation. However, how bird traits affect seed dispersal within...Li, Ning ; Wang, Zheng ; Li, Xin-Hai ; Yi, Xian-Feng ; Yan, Chuan …
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Journal article
Enhancing knowledge among smallholders on pollinators and supporting field margins for sustainable food security
Agro-ecological intensification (AEI) harnesses natural processes, such as pollination, that support sustainable crop production and can buffer against future food security risks. However, the transition from conventional agriculture, which relies on inputs that can damage natural ecosystem processes, to more sustainable food production under AEI, is knowledge-intensive. Here, we investigated...Elisante, Filemon ; Ndakidemi, Patrick A. ; Arnold, Sarah E.J. ; Belmain, Steven R. ; Gurr, Geoff M. …
ecosystem services, field margin plants, farming practices, crop production, and pollination
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Journal article
Building mountain biodiversity: Geological and evolutionary processes
Mountain regions are unusually biodiverse, with rich aggregations of small-ranged species that form centers of endemism. Mountains play an array of roles for Earth’s biodiversity and affect neighboring lowlands through biotic interchange, changes in regional climate, and nutrient runoff. The high biodiversity of certain mountains reflects the interplay of multiple...Rahbek, Carsten ; Borregaard, Michael ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Colwell, Robert ; Holt, Ben …
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Journal article
Taxonomic Synopsis of Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) in Brazil
Eriosema is a pantropical genus occurring mostly in savanna vegetation and grasslands of tropical environments, with approximately 150 species and two centers of diversity, one in Africa with about 110 species, and the other in the Neotropics with about 40 species. Considering the large number of Eriosema taxa in Brazil,...Cândido, , Elisa ; de Vargas, Wanderleia ; Bezerra, Luísa ; Mansano, Vidal ; Vatanparast, Mohammad …
Cerrado, Fabaceae, Cajaninae, taxonomy, Neotropics, Rhynchosia, and Eudicots
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Journal article
‘Unknown yellow’: Pibiria, a new genus of Passifloraceae with a mixture of features found in Passifloroideae and Turneroideae
In 1993, a shrub with yellow flowers reminiscent of but obviously distinct from Turnera was found near Mabura Hill in central Guyana, which was recollected in 2000. This paper offers a morphological description including leaf and wood anatomy and pollen morphology in addition to a phylogenetic analysis based on plastid...Maas, Paul ; Baas, Pieter ; Christenhusz, Maarten ; Clarkson, James ; Koek-Noorman, Jifke …
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Journal article
A morphometric study of the restinga ecotype of Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae): wild coastal cashew populations from Piauí, Northeast Brazil
The infraspecific taxonomy of wild Anacardium occidentale is little studied. We investigated whether wild populations on coastal dunes in Piauí, Brazil differed from non-wild populations. Ten populations were sampled and twenty one morphological variables were measured. Variation within and between populations was investigated with univariate and multivariate statistics. Dune populations...de Andrade, I ; de Oliveira, Nascimento ; de Sousa, M ; dos Santos, J ; Mayo, S
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Journal article
A benchmark dataset of herbarium specimen images with label data
More and more herbaria are digitising their collections. Images of specimens are made available online to facilitate access to them and allow extraction of information from them. Transcription of the data written on specimens is critical for general discoverability and enables incorporation into large aggregated research datasets. Different methods, such...Dillen, Mathias ; Groom, Quentin ; Chagnoux, Simon ; Güntsch, Anton ; Hardisty, Alex …
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Journal article
A broader circumscription of Bulbostylis including Nemum (Abildgaardieae: Cyperaceae)
Phylogenetic hypotheses and morphological characterizations of genera in the Abildgaardieae have suggested that current generic circumscriptions are not monophyletic. We here provide an updated phylogenetic hypothesis of the Abildgaardieae using nrDNA ITS sequences that continues to support the derivation of Nemum from within the Bulbostylis lineage. We make the nomenclatural...Roalson, Eric ; Prata, Ana ; Mesterhazy, Attila ; Chase, Mark ; Simpson, David …
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Journal article
A customized nuclear target enrichment approach for developing a phylogenomic baseline for Dioscorea yams (Dioscoreaceae)
Premise We developed a target enrichment panel for phylogenomic studies of Dioscorea, an economically important genus with incompletely resolved relationships. Methods Our bait panel comprises 260 low- to single-copy nuclear genes targeted to work in Dioscorea, assessed here using a preliminary taxon sampling that includes both distantly and closely related...Soto Gomez, Marybel ; Pokorny, Lisa ; Kantar, Michael ; Forest, Félix ; Leitch, Ilia …
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Journal article
A multicriteria decision making approach to prioritise vascular plants for species-based conservation
There is a growing demand for species-based conservation to be strategic and deliver the greatest possible benefits for the money and resources invested. There is no global consensus on what constitutes an important species, but many biodiversity conservation initiatives prioritise the most rare, unique, vulnerable and/or useful as deserving attention....Liu, Udayangani ; Kenney, Siobhan ; Breman, Elinor ; Cossu, Tiziana
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