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Journal article
Flora of Singapore precursors, 6: Typification of grass names relevant to the flora of Singapore
The typification of more than 200 names of grass taxa relevant to the flora of Singapore is reviewed. A total of 52 lectotype designations are made here, including 22 which are posthumously published by the late J.F. Veldkamp. In addition, 13 second-step lectotypes (one by JFV), and two neotypes are...Turner, I ; Middleton, D ; Duistermaat, H ; Veldkamp, J
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Journal article
Galanthus bursanus (Amaryllidaceae): a new species of snowdrop from the Marmara Sea region, NW Turkey
Galanthus bursanus (Amaryllidaceae), a new snowdrop species endemic to the Marmara Sea region (Bursa Province, NW Turkey), is described and illustrated. Morphological differences between the new species and other possibly related Galanthus taxa (G. plicatus subsp. byzantinus, G. ×valentinei nothosubsp. subplicatus, and G. reginae-olgae subsp. reginae-olgae) are discussed. Photographs (habitat...Zubov, Dimitri ; Konca, Yıldiz ; Davis, Aaron
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Journal article
From plant fungi to bee parasites: mycorrhizae and soil nutrients shape floral chemistry and bee pathogens
Bee populations have experienced declines in recent years, due in part to increased disease incidence. Multiple factors influence bee-pathogen interactions, including nectar and pollen quality and secondary metabolites. However, we lack an understanding of how plant interactions with their environment shape bee diet quality. We examined how plant interactions with... -
Journal article
Genetic diversity and origin of the rare, narrow endemic Asperula crassifolia (Rubiaceae)
We examined the patterns of genetic variation in the narrow endemic Asperula crassifolia (Campania, southern Italy), taking into account the schizoendemic distribution of the Mediterranean members of Asperula sect. Cynanchicae. We obtained plastid DNA sequences of the rps16 intron and the trnC-petN intergenic spacer for several members of A. sect....Gargiulo, Roberta ; De Castro, O ; Del Guacchio, E ; Caputo, P
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Journal article
Gladiolus mariae (Iridaceae), a new species from fire-free shrubland in the Kounounkan Massif, Guinea
Gladiolus mariae Burgt (Iridaceae), a new species from Guinea, West Africa, is described and illustrated. The new species is placed in Gladiolus sect. Decorati Goldblatt and compared with the nine species already known from that section. Flowering plants stand 28–160 cm high with 1–6 bright orange flowers, opening one at...van de Burgt, Xander ; Konomou, Gbamon ; Haba, Pepe ; Magassouba, Sékou
West Africa, Gladiolus sect. Decorati, Guinea, Gladiolus, Iridaceae, Submontane vegetation, New species, and Taxonomy
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Journal article
Genetic diversity in British populations of Taxus baccata L.: Is the seedbank collection representative of the genetic variation in the wild?
Seed banking is an invaluable tool in plant conservation, both as an archive and a source of genetic variation. Despite the increasing focus on the validation of sampling strategies, few studies have empirically related diversity in seed bank collections with variation in wild-provenance populations. By using a set of nuclear...Gargiulo, Roberta ; Saubin, Méline ; Rizzuto, Gabriele ; West, Bede ; Fay, Michael …
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Journal article
Going north and south: The biogeographic history of two Malvaceae in the wake of Neogene Andean uplift and connectivity between the Americas
The evolution of the tropical lowland forests in northern South America is poorly understood, yet new insights into past composition and changes through time can be obtained from the rich and diverse fossil pollen record. Here we present a revision of two diagnostic Malvaceae taxa from the Cenozoic record of...Hoorn, C ; van der Ham, R ; de la Parra, F ; Salamanca, S ; ter Steege, H …
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Journal article
Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery
Most people can name a mammal or bird that has become extinct in recent centuries, but few can name a recently extinct plant. We present a comprehensive, global analysis of modern extinction in plants. Almost 600 species have become extinct, at a higher rate than background extinction, but almost as many...Humphreys, Aelys ; Govaerts, Rafaël ; Ficinski, Sarah ; Nic Lughadha, Eimear ; Vorontsova, Maria S.
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Journal article
High extinction risk for wild coffee species and implications for coffee sector sustainability
Wild coffee species are critical for coffee crop development and, thus, for sustainability of global coffee production. Despite this fact, the extinction risk and conservation priority status of the world’s coffee species are poorly known. Applying IUCN Red List of Threatened Species criteria to all (124) wild coffee species, we...Davis, Aaron ; Chadburn, Helen ; Moat, Justin ; O’Sullivan, Robert ; Hargreaves, Serene …
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Journal article
Hydrothermal thresholds for seed germination in winter annual forbs from old-field Mediterranean landscapes
Under Mediterranean climates with dry-hot summers and cool-wet winters, many forbs with potential for habitat restoration are winter annuals, but there is little information about their germination. We performed laboratory germination experiments on 13 ruderal dicots native to Andalusia (southern Spain). We measured the germination of recently harvested seeds from...Frischie, S ; Fernández-Pascual, E ; Ramirez, C ; Toorop, P ; González, M …
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Journal article
Harnessing the potential of integrated systematics for conservation of taxonomically complex, megadiverse plant groups
The value of natural history collections for conservation science research is increasingly recognized, despite their well-documented limitations in terms of taxonomic, geographic, and temporal coverage. Specimen-based analyses are particularly important for tropical plant groups for which field observations are scarce and potentially unreliable due to high levels of diversity-amplifying identification...Nic Lughadha, Eimear ; Graziele Staggemeier, Vanessa ; Vasconcelos, Thais ; Walker, Barnaby ; Canteiro, Cátia …
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Book chapter
Hyper-epigyny is the ultimate constraint on orchid floral morphology and an ideal model for testing the Extended Synthesis
The developmental morphology and genetics of the orchid flower is described in order to explore the evolutionary ‘no man’s land’ that separates the Extended Synthesis from the Modern Synthesis. The gynostemium, ubiquitous among orchids and developed through congenital fusion (and dorsal suppression) of fertile reproductive organs, is an unbreakable evolutionary...Bateman, Richard ; Rudall, Paula
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Journal article
Human activity is altering the world’s zoogeographical regions
Zoogeographical regions, or zooregions, are areas of the Earth defined by species pools that reflect ecological, historical and evolutionary processes acting over millions of years. Consequently, researchers have assumed that zooregions are robust and unlikely to change on a human timescale. However, the increasing number of human-mediated introductions and extinctions...Bernardo-Madrid, Rubén ; Calatayud, Joaquín ; González-Suárez, Manuela ; Rosvall, Martin ; Lucas, Pablo …
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Journal article
Homoisoflavonoids and cardenolides from cultivated Ornithogalum species: Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. and Ornithogalum ponticum ‘Sochi’
Three new homoisoflavonoids, (3R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone, 4, and its 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 5-O-β-D-gentiobiose derivatives, 5 and 6, along with the known homoisoflavonoids, (3S)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-chromanone, 1, (3R)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-chromanone (2) and (3S)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone, 3, were isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. In addition, three known cardenolides, 3β-(O-α-L-rhamnoside)-5β,14β-dihydroxy-19-oxocardenolide 7, 3β-(O-α-L-rhamnoside)-5β,11α,14β-trihydroxy-19-oxocardenolide, 8 and 3β-(O-α-L-rhamnoside)-5β,11α,14β,19-tetrahydroxycard-20(22)-enolide, 9, were isolated from...Langat, L ; Langat, Moses K. ; Mulholland, D
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Journal article
Incorporating evolutionary history into conservation assessments of a highly threatened group of species, South African Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)
In an era of increasing threat most species of plant still lack an assessment of extinction risk or an understanding of priority for conservation. Evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) has been used in conjunction with extinction risk to prioritise species for conservation. We apply this approach to an economically important group of...Hills, R ; Bachman, S ; Forest, Félix ; Moat, Justin ; Wilkin, Paul
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Journal article
INDEL variation in the regulatory region of the major flowering time gene LanFTc1 is associated with vernalization response and flowering time in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
Narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) cultivation was transformed by 2 dominant vernalization‐insensitive, early flowering time loci known as Ku and Julius (Jul), which allowed expansion into shorter season environments. However, reliance on these loci has limited genetic and phenotypic diversity for environmental adaptation in cultivated lupin. We recently predicted that...Taylor, Candy ; Kamphuis, Lars ; Zhang, Weilu ; Garg, Gagan ; Berger, Jens …
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Journal article
Indigenous knowledge networks in the face of global change
Indigenous communities rely extensively on plants for food, shelter, and medicine. It is still unknown, however, to what degree their survival is jeopardized by the loss of either plant species or knowledge about their services. To fill this gap, here we introduce indigenous knowledge networks describing the wisdom of indigenous...Cámara-Leret, R ; Fortuna, M ; Bascompte, J
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Journal article
Interactions between plant genome size, nutrients and herbivory by rabbits, molluscs and insects on a temperate grassland
Angiosperm genome sizes (GS) vary ca 2400-fold. Recent research has shown that GS influences plant abundance, and plant competition. There are also tantalizing reports that herbivores may select plants as food dependent on their GS. To test the hypothesis that GS plays a role in shaping plant communities under herbivore...Guignard, Maïté ; Crawley, Michael ; Kovalenko, Dasha ; Nichols, Richard ; Trimmer, Mark …
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Journal article
Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica
Hopkins, H.C.F. & Y. Pillon (2019). Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica. In English, English and French abstracts. Candollea 74: 85–92. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a9Kermadecia brinoniae H.C. Hopkins & Pillon (Proteaceae), which occurs in southern New Caledonia, principally on ultramafic substrates, is described...Hopkins, Helen ; Pillon, Yohan
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Journal article
Leaf surface development and the plant fossil record: stomatal patterning in Bennettitales
Stomata play a critical ecological role as an interface between the plant and its environment. Although the guard-cell pair is highly conserved in land plants, the development and patterning of surrounding epidermal cells follow predictable pathways in different taxa that are increasingly well understood following recent advances in the developmental...Rudall, Paula ; Bateman, Richard
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Journal article
Least concern to endangered: Applying climate change projections profoundly influences the extinction risk assessment for wild Arabica coffee
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is a key crop in many tropical countries and globally provides an export value of over US$13 billion per year. Wild Arabica coffee is of fundamental importance for the global coffee sector and of direct importance within Ethiopia, as a source of harvestable income and planting...Moat, Justin ; Gole, Tadesse ; Davis, Aaron
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Journal article
Lessons from the past and the future of food.
Perspectives from the recent and ancient past are largely underutilized in modern sustainability or food systems studies. However, information about regional crop histories and land use systems through time can add essential value and context to debates concerning future agricultural strategies and food security. In particular, archaeological and anthropological research...Reed, Kelly ; Ryan, Philippa
Land use, Anthropology, Resilience, Food systems, Archaeology, Food security, Underutilised crops, and Sustainability
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Journal article
Linking democracy and biodiversity conservation: Empirical evidence and research gaps
Increasing human pressure threatens plant and animal species with extinction worldwide. National political institutions constitute an important arena for biodiversity conservation. Yet, the relationship between how democratic these national institutions are and a country’s efforts towards and track-record for biodiversity conservation remains poorly understood. In this review, we outline the...Rydén, Oskar ; Zizka, Alexander ; Jagers, Sverker ; Lindberg, Staffan ; Antonelli, Alexandre
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Journal article
Lophopyxidaceae (Malpighiales): A new family record for Thailand
The liana Lophopyxis maingayi is recorded from Narathiwat in Peninsular Thailand, representing the first record for this species, the genus Lophopyxis, and the family Lophopyxidaceae in Thailand. © 2019 Forest Herbarium.Utteridge, Tim
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Journal article
Mechanisms in mutualisms: a chemically mediated thrips pollination strategy in common elder
The concept of flower-feeding thrips as pollinating insects in temperate regions is rarely considered as they are more frequently regarded to be destructive florivores feeding on pollen and surrounding plant tissue. Combining laboratory and field-based studies we examined interactions between Sambucus nigra (elderflower) and Thrips major within their native range... -
Journal article
Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Elatostema s.l. (Urticaceae): Implications for inter- and infrageneric classifications
Elatostema s.s. (Urticaceae) comprises approximately 500 species of herbs and subshrubs distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, Australasia, and Africa. The delimitation of Elatostema s.s. and the closely related genera Elatostematoides, Pellionia, and Procris has long been problematic because of the large number of taxa and presumed homoplasy among diagnostic...Tseng, Yu-Hsin ; Monro, Alex ; Wei, Yi-Gang ; Hu, Jer-Ming
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Journal article
Mesosphaerum caatingense (Lamiaceae), a new species from the semi-arid Caatinga Region of Northeast Brazil
A new species, Mesosphaerum caatingense Harley & J.F.B.Pastore (Lamiaceae: tribe Ocimeae: subtribe Hyptidinae), is described from the semi-arid Northeast region of Brazil known as the Caatinga biome, included under the domain of the STDF (Seasonally Tropical Dry Forest). The generic placement and its conservation status are assessed and its phenology...Harley, R ; Pastore, J ; de Souza Soares, A ; Fernando, E ; Mota, M
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Journal article
Morphological and functional seed traits of the wild medicinal plant Dioscorea strydomiana, the most threatened yam in the world
Morphological and functional seed traits have important roles in characterising the species regeneration niche and help to understand the reproductive biology of rare and threatened plants, which can thus support appropriate plant conservation measures. Seed morphometric and dispersal kinetics of the critically endangered Dioscorea strydomiana were measured and compared with...Mattana, E ; Gomez-Barreiro, P ; Lötter, M ; Hankey, A ; Froneman, W …
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Journal article
Mutualistic interactions reshuffle the effects of climate change on plants across the tree of life
Climatically induced local species extinctions may trigger coextinction cascades, thus driving many more species to extinction than originally predicted by species distribution models. Using seven pollination networks across Europe that include the phylogeny and life history traits of plants, we show a substantial variability across networks in climatically predicted plant...Bascompte, Jordi ; García, María ; Ortega, Raúl ; Rezende, Enrico ; Pironon, Samuel
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Journal article
New combinations and new names in Myrcia for West Indian species previously included in Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae)
132 currently accepted names for West Indian region and continental American Calyptranthes species are here transferred to Myrcia . Geographic distributions are also documented for each species.Campbell, Keron ; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro ; Acosta, Zenia ; Commock, Tracy ; Lima Lourenço, Ana …
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Journal article
New land in the Neotropics: a review of biotic community, ecosystem, and landscape transformations in the face of climate and glacier change
The high tropical Andes are rapidly changing due to climate change, leading to strong biotic community, ecosystem, and landscape transformations. While a wealth of glacier, water resource, and ecosystem-related research exists, an integrated perspective on the drivers and processes of glacier, landscape, and biota dynamics is currently missing. Here, we...Cuesta, Francisco ; Llambí, Luis ; Huggel, Christian ; Drenkhan, Fabian ; Gosling, William …
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Journal article
Novelties in Hyptidendron (Hyptidinae – Lamiaceae) from Brazil: A new species and a rediscovery
A new species, Hyptidendron roseum, from the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás state, is described and illustrated. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of inflorescences composed of a unilateral cymose structures, sessile to subsessile leaves, a ring of trichomes in the throat of the calyx tube,...Antar, G ; Harley, R ; Pastore, J ; Sano, P
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Journal article
Open-source data reveal how collections-based fungal diversity is sensitive to global change
Premise of the Study: Fungal diversity (richness) trends at large scales are in urgent need of investigation, especially through novel situations that combine long-term observational with environmental and remotely sensed open-source data. Methods: We modeled fungal richness, with collections-based records of saprotrophic (decaying) and ectomycorrhizal (plant mutualistic) fungi, using an...Andrew, C ; Büntgen, U ; Egli, S ; Senn-Irlet, B ; Grytnes, J …
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Journal article
Notes on Justicia sect. Monechma (Acanthaceae) in Angola, including two new species
Two new species of Justicia sect. Monechma, Justicia cubangensis and J. eriniae, are described from Angola. Their affinities are reviewed, together with a discussion on the correct generic name to apply to these species. A conspectus of Justicia sect. Monechma ‘Group I’ in Angola is presented, including a key to...Darbyshire, I ; Goyder, D
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Journal article
New Synonyms and Typification of Myrcia sect. Myrcia (Myrtaceae)
Four new synonyms are here proposed for species of Myrcia sect. Myrcia : Myrcia brasiliae under M. lasiantha, M. pernambucensis under M. bergiana , M. recurvata under M. ovata , and M. sosias under M. undulata . Additionally, 42 lectotypifications for species of Myrcia sect. Myrcia are proposed herein .Santos, Leidiana ; Athiê-Souza, Sarah ; Lucas, Eve ; Sales, Margareth
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Book chapter
Optimization of cryopreservation protocols for zygotic embryos of Citrus reticulata
Citrus seeds are known to have short life spans in conventional seed banks. Seed of most Citrus species show a typical intermediate storage behaviour where they survive desiccation to c. 7-10%. However, longevity is compromised at this low moisture content at sub-zero temperatures. Cryopreservation of zygotic embryos is an option...Nadarajan, J ; Akter, A
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Journal article
Origin of angiosperms and the puzzle of the Jurassic gap
Angiosperms are by far the most species-rich clade of land plants, but their origin and early evolutionary history remain poorly understood. We reconstructed angiosperm phylogeny based on 80 genes from 2,881 plastid genomes representing 85% of extant families and all orders. With a well-resolved plastid tree and 62 fossil calibrations, we dated the...Li, Hong-Tao ; Yi, Ting-Shuang ; Gao, Lian-Ming ; Ma, Peng-Fei ; Zhang, Ting …
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Journal article
Phylogenetic Placement of New Species with Fused Calyx Reveals Homoplastic Character in Eugenia (Myrtaceae)
The hyper-diverse Eugenia with ca. 1050 species currently includes Calycorectes, which fits the morphological delimitation of the latter except its calyx lobes are fused in the bud and tear at anthesis. Previous phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates a single evolutionary event of calyx fusion in Eugenia. A new species, Eugenia petaloidea, found...Giaretta, A ; Amorim, B ; Sano, P ; Souza, G ; Lucas, E
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Journal article
Phylogenetic relationships among species of Barleria (Acanthaceae, Lamiales): Molecular data reveal complex patterns of morphological evolution and support a revised classification
Barleria is a genus of ~300 species of herbs and shrubs in Africa and Asia, with highest diversity in tropical East Africa and southern Africa. The genus is part of Barlerieae (Acanthaceae), a lineage that is distinguished from other Acanthaceae by quincuncial corolla aestivation. Unequivocal synapomorphies have yet to be...Darbyshire, Iain ; Fisher, Amanda ; Kiel, Carrie ; McDade, Lucinda
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Journal article
Phylogenetics, classification and typification of extant horsetails (Equisetum, Equisetaceae)
Horsetails (Equisetum, Equisetaceae) are one of the oldest groups of vascular plants with a nearly continuous fossil record dating back to the Carboniferous. Only a few studies have addressed relationships among and within the extant members of this fern genus. We here present the first complete phylogenetic analysis of one...Christenhusz, Maarten ; Bangiolo, Lois ; Chase, Mark ; Fay, Michael ; Husby, Chad …
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Journal article
Phylogenetic relationships in Apocynaceae based on nuclear PHYA and plastid trnL-F sequences, with a focus on tribal relationships
To date, most molecular phylogenetic studies of Apocynaceae have been based on plastid DNA regions or nuclear ribosomal DNA. In this study, we used part of the PHYA (phytochrome A) exon, a low-copy nuclear gene, and combined it with the trnL-F region (intron and spacer) to investigate placement of Periplocoideae,...Nazar, Nazia ; Clarkson, James ; Goyder, David ; Kaky, Emad ; Mahmood, Tariq …
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Journal article
Phylogenomic analyses reveal an exceptionally high number of evolutionary shifts in a florally diverse clade of African legumes
Detarioideae is well known for its high diversity of floral traits, including flower symmetry, number of organs, and petal size and morphology. This diversity has been characterized and studied at higher taxonomic levels, but limited analyses have been performed among closely related genera with contrasting floral traits due to the...Ojeda, Dario ; Koenen, Erik ; Cervantes, Sandra ; de la Estrella, Manuel ; Banguera-Hinestroza, Eulalia …
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Journal article
Phylogeny and divergence time estimation of Chamaecrista ser. Rigidulae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)
Chamaecrista is a monophyletic genus, but most of its infrageneric categories have been shown to be paraphyletic, including series Rigidulae which currently comprises 30 species, all endemic to Brazil and most occurring in the cerrado vegetation of the central highlands of the country. This molecular phylogenetic study tests the monophyly...de Souza Alessandro, Oliveira ; Lewis, Gwilym ; Telles, Mariana ; da Silva, Marcos
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Journal article
Phylogeography and post-glacial dynamics in the clonal-sexual orchid Cypripedium calceolus L
Aim We investigated the phylogeographical history of a clonal-sexual orchid, to test the hypothesis that current patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation retain the traces of climatic fluctuations and of the species reproductive system. Location Europe, Siberia and Russian Far East. Taxon Cypripedium calceolus L. (Orchidaceae). Methods Samples (>900, from...Gargiulo, Roberta ; Pironon, Samuel ; Zheleznaya, Ekaterina ; Sanchez, Michele ; Balázs, Zoltan …
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Journal article
Phylogenomics of Orchidaceae based on plastid and mitochondrial genomes
To advance our knowledge of orchid relationships and timing of their relative divergence, we used 76 protein-coding genes from plastomes (ptCDS) and 38 protein-coding genes from mitochondrial genomes (mtCDS) of 74 orchids representing the five subfamilies and 18 tribes of Orchidaceae, to reconstruct the phylogeny and temporal evolution of the...Li, Yun-Xia ; Li, Zhang-Hai ; Schuiteman, Andre ; Chase, Mark ; Li, Jian-Wu …
Mitochondrial genome, Orchidaceae, Plastid genome, Mycoheterotrophic orchids, Vanilloideae, and Cypripedioideae
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Journal article
Phylogeny of two African genera of Sapotaceae - Englerophytum and Synsepalum
Englerophytum and Synsepalum are two closely related genera of trees and shrubs from the African tropics. Previous molecular studies have shown that these genera collectively form a clade within the subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae). However, little is known about the inter-relationships of the taxa within the Englerophytum-Synsepalum clade. In this study,...Borg, D ; Richardson, J ; Harris, D ; Gautier, L ; Hughes, M …
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Journal article
Pinanga schwanerensis, a new species of pinanga (arecaceae) from Kalimantan, Indonesia
A new species of palm, Pinanga schwanerensis, is described and illustrated here. This is the third species of Pinanga to have been described from Kalimantan since the description of P. salicifolia Bblume and P. albescens Bbecc. A discussion of its morphological characters, distribution, ecology, habitat and conservation status is provided....Randi, A ; Hikmat, A ; Heatuatubunun, C
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Journal article
Plastome phylogenomics of sugarcane and relatives confirms the segregation of the genus Tripidium (Poaceae: Andropogoneae)
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is one of the most important crops in the world and a major source of sugar for human consumption. Despite this immense value, the circumscription of the genus Saccharum is complex, contentious, and largely unresolved. Saccharum is accepted in a broad sense by some authors or split...Welker, Cassiano ; McKain, Michael ; Vorontsova, Maria S. ; Peichoto, Myriam ; Kellogg, Elizabeth
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Journal article
Plant genome sequences: past, present, future
The green plants (Viridiplantae) are an essential kingdom of life, responsible via photosynthesis for the majority of global primary production, and directly utilized by humankind for nutrition, animal feed, fuel, clothing, medicine and other purposes. There are an estimated 391 000 species of land plants, in addition to 8000 species of...Kersey, P
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Journal article
Phytolith-based environmental reconstruction from an altitudinal gradient in Mpumalanga, South Africa, 10,600 BP–present
Studying vegetation change across biome boundaries provides insight into vegetation resilience. In this study, shifts in grassland composition are reconstructed from sediments in three wetland sites across altitudinal gradient from 2128 to 897 m.a.s.l., representing a gradient from the grassland biome to the grassland/savanna boundary in the Mpumalanga region, north-eastern South...Breman, Elinor ; Ekblom, Anneli ; Gillson, Lindsey ; Norström, Elin
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Journal article
Plastid phylogenomic insights into the evolution of Caryophyllales
The Caryophyllales includes 40 families and 12,500 species, representing a large and diverse clade of angiosperms. Collectively, members of the clade grow on all continents and in all terrestrial biomes and often occupy extreme habitats (e.g., xeric, salty). The order is characterized by many taxa with unusual adaptations including carnivory,...Yao, Gang ; Jin, Jian-Jun ; Li, Hong-Tao ; Yang, Jun-Bo ; Mandala, Venkata …
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Journal article
897. Symphyotrichum vahlii Compositae.
Symphyotrichum vahlii (Gaudich.) G. L. Nesom (Compositae:Astereae: Symphyotrichinae) is described and illustrated, and the speciesis provided with an expanded synonymy that includes type citations,known types, and supplementary comments. Notes are provided oncultivation and propagation. Comments are also made on the historicalcollections representing this species, both as types and early collections,and...Hind, Nicholas ; Strange, K
Vernacular names, Symphyotrichum vahlii, Descriptors, Phenology, Cultivation, Habitats, and Etymology
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Journal article
895. Perezia recurvata subsp. recurvata: Compositae.
Perezia recurvata (Vahl) Less. subsp.recurvata(Compositae:Mutisieae: Nassuaviinae) is described and illustrated. Comments are pro-vided on its cultivation, propagation and availability, although currentlyonly available from one supplier in the United Kingdom. The problem-atic taxonomy of this genus is discussed. A brief comment is made on thehistory of the type collections of two...Hind, Nicholas ; Babel, K.
Vernacular names, Descriptors, Conservation status, Perezia recurvata subsp. recurvata, Phenology, Cultivation, Geographical distribution, Etymology, and Habitats
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Journal article
899. Echinacea tennesseensis: Compositae.
Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small (Compositae:Heliantheae: Ziniinae) is described and illustrated, and is accompa-nied by statements on its distribution, habitat, phenology, etymologyand vernacular names. A statement on its conservation status is made.AbriefhistoryofEchinaceais provided, with a commentary of the mostuseful revision discussed. The subtribal position and related generaofEchinaceais discussed, with the most...Hind, Nicholas
Vernacular names, Descriptors, Conservation status, Etymology, Echinacea tennesseensis, Cultivation, Geographical distribution, Phenology, and Habitats
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Journal article
898. Helichrysum ‘Sun Burst’ Compositae.
A new cultivar, Helichrysum‘Sun Burst’ (Compositae: Inuleae:Gnaphaliinae), is introduced, described, and illustrated, based on mate-rial derived from a cross between a Turkish collection of H. orientale and H. arwae from the Yemen Arab Republic, growing in the Melon Yard,Alpine Nursery at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Cultivation andpropagation notes are...Hind, Nicholas ; Strange, Kit
Geographical distribution, Cultivation, Descriptors, Helichrysum, and Phenology
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Journal article
901. Helianthus salicifolius: Compositae.
Helianthus salicifolius A. Dietr. (Compositae: Heliantheae:Helianthinae) is described and illustrated. Cultivation, propagation,pests and diseases and availability notes, of both the species and cultivars,are provided. The genusHelianthus, and the position ofH. salicifoliusiscommented on, as well as its similarity toH. angustifolius. Distinguishingcharacters between these two species are given. Comments are providedon types...Hind, Nicholas ; Smith, Alison
Vernacular names, Descriptors, Helianthus salicifolius, Phenology, Cultivation, Geographical distribution, Conservation status, Etymology, and Habitats
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Journal article
900. Rudbeckia maxima: Compositae.
Rudbeckia maximaNutt. (Compositae: Heliantheae: Rud-beckiinae) is described and illustrated. Cultivation, propagation andavailability notes are provided. The genusRudbeckiais discussed, and theposition ofR. maximacommented on, as well as the somewhat uniquekey character (the reflectiveness of the leaves under UV light) that hasbeen used to distinguish this and two other species. The relationships...Hind, Nicholas
Vernacular names, Descriptors, Rudbeckia maxima, Etymology, Cultivation, Geographical distribution, Conservation status, Phenology, and Habitats
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Journal article
Polyploidy in the Conifer Genus Juniperus: An Unexpectedly High Rate
Recent research suggests that the frequency of polyploidy may have been underestimated in gymnosperms. While there are few reports of polyploids in the genus Juniperus, data are still missing for most species. In this study, we evaluated the extent of polyploidy in Juniperus by conducting the first comprehensive screen across...Farhat, Perla ; Hidalgo, Oriane ; Robert, Thierry ; Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja ; Leitch, Ilia …
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Journal article
Prediction of pathogenicity genes involved in adaptation to a lupin host in the fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via comparative genomics
Narrow-leafed lupin is an emerging crop of significance in agriculture, livestock feed and human health food. However, its susceptibility to various diseases is a major obstacle towards increased adoption. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea – both necrotrophs with broad host-ranges - are reported among the top 10 lupin pathogens. Whole-genome...Mousavi-Derazmahalleh, Mahsa ; Chang, Steven ; Thomas, Geoff ; Derbyshire, Mark ; Bayer, Phillip …
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Journal article
Progress, challenges and opportunities for Red Listing
Despite its recognition as an important global resource for conservation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species only provides assessments of extinction risk for a small and biased subset of known biodiversity. A more complete Red List can better support species-level conservation by indicating...Bachman, Steven ; Field, Richard ; Reader, Tom ; Raimondo, Domitilla ; Donaldson, John …
Conservation, IUCN Red List, Vascular plants, and Extinction risk
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Journal article
Pycreus rubidomontanus (Cyperaceae), a widespread but undescribed species from tropical West Africa
Pycreus rubidomontanus is described as a new species. It is relatively widespread in tropical West Africa where it had been confused up to present with P. atrorubidus, a very rare endemic species from Zambia in south-central Africa that probably is known only from the type gathering. Differences between these and...Verloove, Filip ; Browning, Jane ; Mesterhazy, Attila
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Journal article
Resistance of Multiple Diploid and Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Varieties to Three Projected Drought Scenarios for the UK in 2080
Forage plants underpin the livestock industry. Selective breeding, including polyploidization, where genome size is increased by whole genome duplication, changes the productivity and stress tolerance of new varieties. We conducted a growth chamber experiment to investigate the likely responses of Lolium perenne L. to drought, testing four diploid and four...Lee, Mark A. ; Howard-Andrews, Victoria ; Chester, Michael
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Journal article
Remarkable variation of ribosomal DNA organization and copy number in gnetophytes, a distinct lineage of gymnosperms
INTRODUCTION: Gnetophytes, comprising the genera Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia, are an understudied, enigmatic lineage of gymnosperms with a controversial phylogenetic relationship to other seed plants. Here we examined the organization of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) across representative species. METHODS: We applied high-throughput sequencing approaches to isolate and reconstruct rDNA units and...Wang, W ; Wan, T ; Becher, H ; Kuderova, A ; Leitch, Ilia …
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Journal article
Responses of Primula vulgaris to light quality in the maternal and germination environments
In the model species Arabidopsis thaliana phytochromes mediate dormancy and germination responses to seasonal cues experienced during seed maturation on the maternal plants. However, the effect of the maternal light environment on seed germination in native wild species has not been well studied. This is particularly important given its practical...Marin, M ; Blandino, C ; Laverack, G ; Toorop, P ; Powell, A
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Journal article
Response of xerophytic plants to glacial cycles in southern South America
Quaternary glaciations strongly affected the distribution of species from arid and semi-arid environments, as temperature drops were accompanied by strong fluctuations in rainfall. In this study, we examined the response of xerophytic species to glacial cycles, determining the genetic patterns and climatic niche of Echinopsis chiloensis var. chiloensis, an endemic...Pérez, Fernanda ; Ossa, Carmen ; Montenegro, Paz ; Larridon, Isabel
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Journal article
Revision of the Afro-Madagascan genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae): infrageneric relationships and species delimitation
A recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed four distinct evolutionary lineages in the genus Costularia s.l. (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae, Poales). Two lineages are part of the Oreobolus clade of tribe Schoeneae: the first being a much-reduced genus Costularia s.s., and the second a lineage endemic to New Caledonia for which a new...Larridon, Isabel ; Rabarivola, Linah ; Xanthos, Martin ; Muasya, A
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Journal article
Rosmarinic acid in Canna generalis activates the medial deterrent chemosensory neurone and deters feeding in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta
For all but a very few highly specialized insect feeders, Canna generalis L. (Cannaceae) is unacceptable as a food plant and is a highly potent feeding deterrent for the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta Johan. (Lepidoptera). The present study describes the isolation of an active deterrent compound, rosmarinic acid (RA) from...Simmonds, Monique S.J. ; Stevenson, Philip C. ; Hanson, Frank E.
sensory coding, feeding behaviour, phagodeterrents, phytochemistry, Lepidoptera, and insect neurophysiology
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Data paper
Secondary metabolites from nectar and pollen: a resource for ecological and evolutionary studies
Floral chemistry mediates plant interactions with herbivores, pathogens, and pollinators. The chemistry of floral nectar and pollen, the primary food rewards for pollinators, can affect both plant reproduction and pollinator health. Although the existence and functional significance of nectar and pollen secondary metabolites has long been known, comprehensive quantitative characterizations...Palmer-Young, Evan ; Farrell, Iain ; Adler, Lynn ; Milano, Nelson ; Egan, Paul …
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Journal article
Routes to achieving sustainable intensification in simulated dairy farms: The importance of production efficiency and complimentary land uses
Sustainable intensification (SI) is a global challenge, aiming to increase food production whilst conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. This is contrary to the observed trend of agricultural intensification degrading environmental quality. We developed a framework integrating animal nutrition, crop yields and biodiversity modelling to explore SI potential in multiple model...White, Patrick ; Lee, Mark A. ; Roberts, Dave ; Cole, Lorna
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Journal article
Seed ecology of the geophyte Conopodium majus (Apiaceae), indicator species of ancient woodland understories and oligotrophic meadows
Conopodium majus is a geophyte with pseudomonocotyly, distributed in Atlantic Europe. It is an indicator of two declining European habitats: ancient woodland understories and oligotrophic hay meadows. Attempts to reintroduce it by seed have been hindered by scarce seedling emergence and limited knowledge of its seed biology. Micro-CT scanning was...Blandino, C ; Fernández-Pascual, E ; Marin, M ; Vernet, A ; Pritchard, H
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Journal article
Seed life span and food security.
Summary Much is known about the inter-specific distribution of life span in a wide diversity of vertebrates and in adult plants, but not for seeds, yet the functional trait seed life span underpins global agriculture, plant species conservation and seed persistence in the soil. We sourced data for five storage...Colville, Louise ; Pritchard, Hugh
Seed life span, Longevity, P50, Ex situ conservation, Accelerated ageing, and Seed bank
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Journal article
Seed enhancing treatments: comparative analysis of germination characteristics of 23 key herbaceous species used in European restoration programmes
The response of seeds from 23 wild plant species to a range of seed enhancing treatments was studied. We tested the hypothesis that sensitivity of the 23 species to these compounds is related to their ecological niche. The three ecological niches considered were open land, open-pioneer and woodland. Hence, the...Lopez del Egido, L ; Toorop, P ; Lanfermeijer, F
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Journal article
Seeds tend to disperse further in the tropics
Despite the importance of seed dispersal in a plant's life cycle, global patterns in seed dispersal distance have seldom been studied. This paper presents the first geographically and taxonomically broad quantification of the latitudinal gradient in seed dispersal distance. Although there is substantial variation in the seed dispersal distances of...Chen, Si-Chong ; Tamme, Riin ; Thomson, Fiona ; Moles, Angela
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Journal article
Smectite clay KSF as effective catalyst for oxidation of m-tyrosol with H 2 O 2 to hydroxytyrosol
A successful procedure to demonstrate the ability to produce high-added value phenolic hydroxytyrosol by oxidation of m-tyrosol was developed, using clay KSF/H 2 O with peroxide hydrogen to afford excellent yields (more than 60%). Three different operating parameters, including m-tyrosol, H 2 O 2 concentration and amount of catalyst were...Frikha, N ; Bouguerra, S ; Kite, G ; Abdelhedi, R ; Bouaziz, M
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Journal article
Shifts in the abiotic and biotic environment of cultivated sunflower under future climate change
Sunflower is a unique model species for assessing crop responses and adaptation to climate change. We provide an initial assessment of how climate change may influence the abiotic and biotic environment of cultivated sunflower across the world. We find an 8% shift between current and future climate space in cultivated...Mehrabi, Zia ; Pironon, Samuel ; Kantar, Michael ; Ramankutty, Navin ; Rieseberg, Loren
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Journal article
Species distribution modelling and seed germination of four threatened snow lotus (Saussurea), and their implication for conservation
Plant environmental envelops and seed regenerative traits of high altitude plants may contribute to competitiveness or endangerment under abiotic conditions that enforce a short growing season. Here, we investigate the factors threatening the existence of four, typical snow lotus species (Saussurea laniceps, S. medusa, S. quercifolia, S. gnaphalodes) endemic to...Peng, Deli ; Sun, Lu ; Pritchard, Hugh ; Yang, Juan ; Sun, Hang …
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Journal article
Spatial characterization and distribution modelling of Ensete ventricosum (wild and cultivated) in Ethiopia
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) feeds around 20 million people in Ethiopia and is arguably the most important crop for food security and rural livelihoods in the country. Therefore, it is significant to know its spatial characterization and distribution in the country. We use spatial overlay analysis and the maximum entropy (MaxEnt)...Eshetae, M ; Hailu, B ; Demissew, S
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Journal article
Strangler unmasked: Parasitism of Cystoderma amianthinum by Squamanita paradoxa and S. pearsonii
The mushroom-forming genus Squamanita comprises 10 described species, all parasitic on basidiomes of other members of the order Agaricales, including members of the genera Cystoderma, Galerina, Inocybe and Hebeloma. Here we report an anatomical investigation of the stipitate “mycocecidium’ (=fungus gall) formed on the basidiome of Cystoderma amianthinum (“powdercap”) by...Griffith, G ; Gajda, K ; Detheridge, A ; Douglas, B ; Bingham, J …
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Journal article
Stachytarpheta atkinsiae, a new species of Verbenaceae endemic to the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Stachytarpheta atkinsiae, belonging to the Radlkoferiana group from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state Brazil, is here described. It is a red-flowered species, and unusual in being a large, much-branched shrub, with densely lanate indumentum. The species shows similarities with S. froesii and S. radlkoferiana, but differs from both vegetative and...Harley, R ; Antar, G ; Giulietti, A
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Journal article
Structure and abnormalities in cones of the Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis)
Reproductive structures of both genders of Wollemia nobilis were investigated, including both wild-type and teratological cones. Typically, both pollen cones and seed cones in this species are terminal on first order branches. At maturity, wild-type pollen cones are pendulous and cylindrical; wild-type seed cones are broad and ellipsoidal in shape....Dörken, Veit ; Rudall, Paula
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Journal article
Succulent plant diversity as natural capital
Societal Impact Statement Drought-tolerant plants are increasingly recognized as a resource to mitigate the consequences of climate change. Succulent plants use stored water to sustain metabolism during regular droughts; succulence is a highly successful adaptation that has evolved in thousands of species throughout the plant kingdom. Desert (xeromorphic) succulent species...Grace, Olwen
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Journal article
Supplementary descriptions of inflorescence and achene of two species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China
We demonstrate the high value of the inflorescence and achene for taxon delimitation in Elatostema. Over half of the descriptions of the ca 280 species described from China, however, lack information on inflorescence and/or achene morphology and this hampers the progress of species discovery and infrageneric classification. In this paper...Fu, Long-Fei ; Xin, Zi-Bing ; Monro, Alexandre ; Wen, Fang ; Li, Shu …
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Journal article
Survival and growth of embryo axes of temperate trees after two decades of cryo-storage
Liquid nitrogen (LN) storage is recommended for conserving plants with seeds for which standard seed banking is not feasible, but there are few empirical reports confirming its long-term effectiveness. In this study we evaluated in vitro viability and ex vitro growth of embryo axes of a species that is short-lived...Ballesteros, Daniel ; Pence, Valerie
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Journal article
Systematics and evolution of the Old World Ebenaceae, a review with emphasis on the large genus Diospyros and its radiation in New Caledonia
In this review article, we provide an overview of the status of research on Old World Ebenaceae with an emphasis on the large genus Diospyros. The well-supported phylogenetic tree obtained from nucleotide sequences of multiple regions of plastid genome gave clear insights into the subfamilial classification of Ebenaceae. It supported...Samuel, Rosabelle ; Turner, Barbara ; Duangjai, Sutee ; Munzinger, Jérôme ; Paun, Ovidiu …
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Journal article
Taxonomic revision of Clinacanthus (Acanthaceae) in Thailand
The taxonomy of Clinacanthus in Thailand is revised. Nomenclature, descriptions and a key to the species are provided. Clinacanthus nutans is lectotypified. Clinacanthus burmanni var. robinsoni from Vietnam is found to be distinct from both C. nutans and C. siamensis and is elevated to species status.Bongcheewin, Bhanubong ; Darbyshire, Iain ; Satitpatipan, Veena ; Kongsawadworakul, Panida
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Journal article
Taxonomic notes on Goodyera (Goodyerinae, Cranichideae, Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) in China and an addition to orchid flora of Vietnam
Based on fieldwork and examination of fresh as well as preserved specimens, Goodyera bomiensis and G. wolongensis are reduced under the synonymy of G. brachystegia and G. serpens respectively. Goodyera serpens and G. marginata are reinstated as accepted species, and G. afzelii, previously thought to be restricted to Madagascar and...Liu, Yan Wen ; Zhou, Xiao Xu ; Schuiteman, André ; Kumar, Pankaj ; Hermans, Johan …
Vietnam, China, Disjunct distribution, Jewel orchids, Goodyera, Monocots, Asia, and Synonyms
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Journal article
The Antiangiogenic Activity of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Homoisoflavonoids from the Hyacinthaceae (sensu APGII)
Excessive blood vessel formation in the eye is implicated in wet age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity, which are major causes of blindness. Small molecule antiangiogenic drugs are strongly needed to supplement existing biologics. Homoisoflavonoids have been previously shown to have potent antiproliferative activities... -
Journal article
The Callerya Group redefined and Tribe Wisterieae (Fabaceae) emended based on morphology and data from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences
The Tribe Wisterieae (Zhu 1994), founded on the single genus Wisteria, is emended and recircumscribed based on morphology and data from nuclear ITS and ndhJ-trnF, matK and rbcL chloroplast DNA sequences. This newly enlarged tribe comprises 36 species and 9 infraspecific taxa within 13 described genera. Six genera are new,...Compton, James ; Schrire, Brian ; Könyves, Kálmán ; Forest, Félix ; Malakasi, Panagiota …
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Journal article
The first herbarium collection from the south Arabian coast?
Investigation of the provenance of a herbarium gathering of Kissenia arabica (Loasaceae) at the Natural History Museum, London, reveals it to be part of the likely earliest extant herbarium collection from the south Arabian coast. Gathered in 1781-1782, the collection was possibly made by the colourful John Oswald (c. 1760-1793).Mabberley, David ; Pickering, Helen