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Journal article
The Modern Use of an Ancient Plant: Exploring the Antioxidant and Nutraceutical Potential of the Maltese Mushroom (Cynomorium Coccineum L.)
In the continuous scientific search for new safe and effective drugs, there has recently been a rediscovery of natural substances as a potential reservoir of innovative therapeutic solutions for human health, with the prospect of integrating with and sometimes replacing conventional drugs. Cynomorium coccineum subsp. coccineum is a holoparasitic plant...Zucca, Paolo ; Bellot, Sidonie ; Rescigno, Antonio
Clinical Biochemistry, Physiology, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry
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Journal article
Cola species of the limestone forests of Africa, with a new, endangered species, Cola cheringoma (Sterculiaceae), from Cheringoma, Mozambique
Cheek, Martin ; Luke, Quentin ; Matimele, Hermenegildo ; Banze, Aurélio ; Lawrence, Poppy
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Missing names from the Fungal Name Repositories found in the literature related to Chinese fungi
Fungal taxonomy has a history of more than 260 years, with authors publishing over 475,000 names. Three online Fungal Name Repositories were established to manage registration of new names. During data collection for a project to develop a modern Checklist of Fungi in China and the first Redlist assessment of...Wang, Ke ; Wang, Yong-Hui ; Zhao, Ming-Jun ; Kirk, Paul ; Yao, Yi-Jian
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Assessing seed desiccation responses of native trees in the Caribbean
Native trees from the Caribbean were tested for seed desiccation responses, by adapting the “100-seed test” protocol. Ninety-seven seed lots of 91 species were collected in the Dominican Republic and tested for germination immediately after collecting, and after drying and moist storage. Seed desiccation sensitivity was assessed as a continuous... -
Journal article
Continued Adaptation of C4 Photosynthesis After an Initial Burst of Changes in the Andropogoneae Grasses
Abstract C4 photosynthesis is a complex trait that sustains fast growth and high productivity in tropical and subtropical conditions and evolved repeatedly in flowering plants. One of the major C4 lineages is Andropogoneae, a group of ∼ 1,200 grass species that includes some of the world's most important crops and...Bianconi, Matheus E ; Hackel, Jan ; Vorontsova, Maria S. ; Alberti, Adriana ; Arthan, Watchara …
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Journal article
Species richness and distribution of the largest plant radiation of Angola: Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)
Frazão, Raquel ; Catarino, Silvia ; Goyder, David ; Darbyshire, Iain ; Magalhães, M. Filomena …
Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Synsepalum chimanimani (Sapotaceae), a new species from the Chimanimani Mountains of Mozambique and Zimbabwe, with notes on the botanical importance of this area
Synsepalum chimanimani S.Rokni & I.Darbysh., sp. nov., a small tree endemic to the forests of the southern foothills of the Chimanimani Mountains of Mozambique and Zimbabwe, is described and illustrated. The differences in morphology and distribution between the new species and the related S. kaessneri and S. muelleri, with which...Rokni, Saba ; Wursten, Bart ; Darbyshire, Iain
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Aloidendron (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) consists of six species, not seven: Aloe sabaea is a true aloe
As part of a revised generic classification of Aloe Linnaeus (1753: 319) sensu lato (Grace et al. 2013), Aloidendron (Berger 1905: 56) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. in Grace et al. (2013: 9) was established to accommodate six tree aloe species that Berger (1905) previously placed in two sections, Aloe sect....Smith, Gideon
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Journal article
Lipid Thermal Fingerprints of Long-term Stored Seeds of Brassicaceae
Thermal fingerprints for seeds of 20 crop wild relatives of Brassicaceae stored for 8 to 44 years at the Plant Germplasm Bank—Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank—were generated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and analyzed in relation to storage stability. Relatively poor storing... -
Journal article
Role of phytochemicals as nutraceuticals for cognitive functions affected in ageing
Cognitive decline can occur with normal ageing and in age‐related brain disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, with limited pharmacological therapies available. Other approaches to reduce cognitive decline are urgently needed, and so the role of dietary interventions or nutraceuticals has received much attention in...Howes, Melanie‐Jayne ; Perry, Nicolette S.L. ; Vásquez‐Londoño, Carlos ; Perry, Elaine
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Journal article
Incorporating intraspecific variation into species distribution models improves distribution predictions, but cannot predict species traits for a wide‐spread plant species
The most common approach to predicting how species ranges and ecological functions will shift with climate change is to construct correlative species distribution models (SDMs). These models use a species’ climatic distribution to determine currently suitable areas for the species and project its potential distribution under future climate scenarios. A... -
Journal article
Notes on Mucuna (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) in Thailand: fruits of M. oligoplax re-assessed, and a revised key to species with lamellate fruits
Fruiting material of a Mucuna from Peninsular Thailand with distinctive lamellae proved to be conspecific with M. oligoplax, which was previously thought to have fruit almost lacking lamellae. A revised description and a distribution map for M. oligoplax are presented. This finding also necessitates revision of the key to Mucuna...Wilmot-Dear, Christine ; Fortune Hopkins, Helen ; Leeratiwong, Charan
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Journal article
Unlocking the properties of plants and fungi for sustainable development
Humans have been using biodiversity for hundreds of thousands of years, but at no time in our history has it been more crucial to accelerate our exploration of the useful properties of the species that inhabit the world around us.Antonelli, Alexandre ; Smith, Rhian J. ; Simmonds, Monique S. J.
fungi, properties, sustainable development, biodiversity, SDGs, and plants
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Journal article
Evolutionary convergence or homology? Comparative cytogenomics of Caesalpinia group species (Leguminosae) reveals diversification in the pericentromeric heterochromatic composition
The Caesalpinia Group includes 225 species and 27 monophyletic genera of which four occur in Northeastern Brazil: Erythrostemon (1 sp.), Cenostigma (7 spp.), Libidibia (1 sp.), and Paubrasilia (1 sp.). The last three genera are placed in different clades in the Caesalpinia Group phylogeny, and yet they are characterized by... -
Journal article
Thermal Time and Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Cedrela odorata L.
Thermal time models are useful to determine the thermal and temporal requirements for seed germination. This information may be used as a criterion for species distribution in projected scenarios of climate change, especially in threatened species like red cedar. The objectives of this work were to determine the cardinal temperatures...Sampayo-Maldonado, Salvador ; Ordoñez-Salanueva, Cesar ; Mattana, Efisio ; Ulian, Tiziana ; Way, Michael …
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Journal article
Species limits in butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): reconciling classical taxonomy with the multispecies coalescent
Species delimitation is at the core of biological sciences. During the last decade, molecular‐based approaches have advanced the field by providing additional sources of evidence to classical, morphology‐based taxonomy. However, taxonomy has not yet fully embraced molecular species delimitation beyond threshold‐based, single‐gene approaches, and taxonomic knowledge is not commonly integrated...Matos‐Maraví, Pável ; Wahlberg, Niklas ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Penz, Carla M.
Insect Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
The Plant DNA C‐values database (release 7.1): an updated online repository of plant genome size data for comparative studies
In recent decades, interest in plant genome size (i.e. the total amount of DNA in the unreplicated haploid nucleus; Greilhuber et al., 2005) has been growing exponentially as the biological, evolutionary and ecological significance of this key biodiversity trait is increasingly recognized (e.g. see reviews by Greilhuber & Leitch, 2013;...Pellicer, Jaume ; Leitch, Ilia J.
algae , flow cytometry, C‐values, land plants, and plant DNA C‐values database
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Journal article
Resolving relationships in an exceedingly young Neotropical orchid lineage using Genotyping-by-sequencing data
Poor morphological and molecular differentiation in recently diversified lineages is a widespread phenomenon in plants. Phylogenetic relationships within such species complexes are often difficult to resolve because of the low variability in traditional molecular loci. Furthermore, biological phenomena responsible for topological incongruence such as Incomplete Lineage Sorting (ILS) and hybridisation...Alejandro Pérez-Escobar, Oscar ; Bogarín, Diego ; Schley, Rowan ; Bateman, Richard M. ; Gerlach, Günter …
Genetics, Molecular Biology, and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
A novel phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae: Astereae), a highly diversified American genus
We present the hitherto most comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for Baccharis. Our results confirm that subtribe Baccharidinae is a monogeneric group and support a broad circumscription of Baccharis as monophyletic with the inclusion of all genera that have been previously segregated from it (Baccharidastrum, Baccharidiopsis, Heterothalamulopsis, Heterothalamus, Lanugothamnus). We provide comprehensive...Heiden, Gustavo ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Pirani, José Rubens
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Phylogenetic comparative methods improve the selection of characters for generic delimitations in a hyperdiverse Neotropical orchid clade
Taxonomic delimitations are challenging because of the convergent and variable nature of phenotypic traits. This is evident in species-rich lineages, where the ancestral and derived states and their gains and losses are difficult to assess. Phylogenetic comparative methods help to evaluate the convergent evolution of a given morphological character, thus...Bogarín, Diego ; Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A. ; Karremans, Adam P. ; Fernández, Melania ; Kruizinga, Jaco …
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Journal article
Genomic basis of European ash tree resistance to ash dieback fungus
Populations of European ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) are being devastated by the invasive alien fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which causes ash dieback. We sequenced whole genomic DNA from 1,250 ash trees in 31 DNA pools, each pool containing trees with the same ash dieback damage status in a screening trial and...Stocks, Jonathan J. ; Metheringham, Carey L. ; Plumb, William J. ; Lee, Steve J. ; Kelly, Laura J. …
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Journal article
Why mountains matter for biodiversity
Mountains are arguably Earth's most striking features. They play a major role in determining global and regional climates, are the source of most rivers, act as cradles, barriers and bridges for species, and are crucial for the survival and sustainability of many human societies. The complexity of mountains is tightly...Perrigo, Allison ; Hoorn, Carina ; Antonelli, Alexandre
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Journal article
Thermal niche traits of high alpine plant species and communities across the tropical Andes and their vulnerability to global warming
Aim The climate variability hypothesis (CVH) predicts that locations with reduced seasonal temperature variation select for species with narrower thermal ranges. Here we (a) test the CVH by assessing the effect of latitude and elevation on the thermal ranges of Andean vascular plant species and communities, and (b) assess tropical...Cuesta, Francisco ; Tovar, Carolina ; Llambí, Luis D. ; Gosling, William D. ; Halloy, Stephan …
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Journal article
A phylogenomic analysis of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)
Nepenthaceae is one of the largest carnivorous plant families and features ecological and morphological adaptations indicating an impressive adaptive radiation. However, investigation of evolutionary and taxonomic questions is hindered by poor phylogenetic understanding, with previous molecular studies based on limited loci and taxa. We use high-throughput sequencing with a target-capture...Murphy, Bruce ; Forest, Félix ; Barraclough, Timothy ; Rosindell, James ; Bellot, Sidonie …
Genetics, Molecular Biology, and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Drivers of bromeliad leaf and floral bract variation across a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Forest
Aim Understanding the complex interaction and relative contributions of factors involved in species and trait diversification is crucial to gain insights into the evolution of Neotropical biodiversity. Here, we investigated the drivers of morphological variation in bromeliads along a latitudinal gradient in a biodiversity hotspot. Location Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Taxon...Neves, Beatriz ; Zanella, Camila M. ; Kessous, Igor M. ; Uribbe, Fernando P. ; Salgueiro, Fabiano …
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Journal article
Molecular and morphological evidence for a new species of Siphocranion (Lamiaceae) from the Sino-Vietnamese border
Siphocranion is an oligotypic genus of Lamiaceae, with two species mainly distributed in subtropical China and one of them found also in northeastern India, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Based on field investigation, morphological comparison, and molecular phylogenetic analyses, a new species of Siphocranion from the Sino-Vietnamese border is described as S....Chen, Ya-Ping ; Zhu, Xin-Xin ; Zhao, Fei ; Feng, Hui-Zhe ; Paton, Alan …
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
A Preliminary Evaluation of The Karst Flora of Brazil Using Collections Data
Karst is defined as landscapes that are underlain by soluble rock in which there is appreciable water movement arising from a combination of high rock solubility and well-developed secondary (fracture) porosity. Karsts occupy approximately 20% of the planet’s dry ice-free land and are of great socioeconomic importance, as they supply...Bystriakova, Nadia ; Alves De Melo, Pablo Hendrigo ; Moat, Justin ; Lughadha, Eimear Nic ; Monro, Alexandre K.
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Journal article
Two new species of Tetrathylacium (Salicaceae) from Ecuador
Two new species from Pastaza Province Ecuador, Tetrathylacium longirachis and T. sarayakuorum are described and illustrated, one species name previously placed in synonymy, T. nutans is recognized as a distinct species and illustrated. In doing so we increase the number of accepted species in the genus from two to five...Santamaría-Aguilar, Daniel ; Liesner, Ronald L. ; Monro, Alexandre K.
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Justicia gigantophylla (Acanthaceae), an endangered litter-gathering species from southern Cameroon
Background and aims – The taxonomic status of Duvernoia gigantophylla Lindau from southern Cameroon is considered in relation to the wider Justicia extensa-laxa complex of tropical Africa. Its unusual litter-gathering habit (currently unique in Acanthaceae) is also discussed.Methods – This study was based on normal practices of herbarium taxonomy and...Smith, Harry J. ; Moran, Con ; Lachenaud, Olivier ; Darbyshire, Iain
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Journal article
Three new combinations in African Cyperus (Cyperaceae)
Background – During the past decade several molecular phylogenetic studies tackled the complex relationships within tribe Cypereae. Based on these studies, previously accepted segregate genera such as Pycreus were sunk into the genus Cyperus. Recently, while revising the West African species of Cyperus, three taxa previously placed in Pycreus were...Larridon, Isabel ; Reynders, Marc
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Journal article
Three new threatened Keetia species (Rubiaceae—Vanguerieae), from the forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania
Keetia sp. A, of the Flora of Tropical East Africa, based on Mabberley & Salehe 1496, is formally named as Keetia davidii following the discovery of a second specimen, also from the Ukaguru Mountains of the Eastern Arc of Tanzania. This small tree or shrub is assessed as Endangered using...Cheek, Martin ; Bridson, D.
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Journal article
Afrothismia kupensis sp. nov. (Thismiaceae), Critically Endangered, with observations on its pollination and notes on the endemics of Mt Kupe, Cameroon
The achlorophyllous mycotroph Afrothismia kupensis (Thismiaceae), formerly misidentified either as A. pachyantha or as A. gesnerioides, is described from Mt Kupe in South West Region, Cameroon and assessed as Critically Endangered using the IUCN (2012) categories and criteria. It is threatened by forest clearance due to small-holder agriculture. Mt Kupe,...Cheek, Martin ; Etuge, M. ; Williams, S.A.
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Colourful cones: how did flower colour first evolve?
Angiosperms that are biotically pollinated typically produce flowers with bright and contrasting colours that help to attract pollinators and hence contribute to the reproductive success of the species. This colourful array contrasts with the much less multicoloured reproductive structures of the four living gymnosperm lineages, which are predominantly wind pollinated,...Rudall, Paula J
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Journal article
The endemic plants of Mozambique: diversity and conservation status
An annotated checklist of the 271 strict-endemic taxa (235 species) and 387 near-endemic taxa (337 species) of vascular plants in Mozambique is provided. Together, these taxa constitute c. 9.3% of the total currently known flora of Mozambique and include five strict-endemic genera (Baptorhachis, Emicocarpus, Gyrodoma, Icuria and Micklethwaitia) and two...Darbyshire, Iain ; Timberlake, Jonathan ; Osborne, Jo ; Rokni, Saba ; Matimele, Hermenegildo …
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
Improved standardization of transcribed digital specimen data
There are more than 1.2 billion biological specimens in the world’s museums and herbaria. These objects are particularly important forms of biological sample and observation. They underpin biological taxonomy but the data they contain have many other uses in the biological and environmental sciences. Nevertheless, from their conception they are almost... -
Journal article
The pitfalls of biodiversity proxies: Differences in richness patterns of birds, trees and understudied diversity across Amazonia
Most knowledge on biodiversity derives from the study of charismatic macro-organisms, such as birds and trees. However, the diversity of micro-organisms constitutes the majority of all life forms on Earth. Here, we ask if the patterns of richness inferred for macro-organisms are similar for micro-organisms. For this, we barcoded samples...Ritter, Camila D. ; Faurby, Søren ; Bennett, Dominic J. ; Naka, Luciano N. ; ter Steege, Hans …
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Editorial
Changing perceptions of tree resistance research
Plants are threatened in a globalised world because people are transporting pests and pathogens around the planet at unprecedented rates. Natural resistance to pests and pathogens has never been more important. In this special issue of Plants, People, Planet we focus on resistance found in tree populations. This has long...Buggs, Richard J. A.
tree resistance, globalisation, tree pests, tree diseases, plant health, and tree pathogens
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Journal article
Progress on Southeast Asia’s Flora projects
Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Timor Leste, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea) is a region of high plant diversity with an estimated 50,000 flowering plant species. Estimates of plant diversity in the region continue to grow as large numbers of new species...Middleton, D.J. ; Armstrong, K. ; Baba, Y. ; Balslev, H. ; Chayamarit, K. …
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Journal article
The endemic ‘sugar canes’ of Madagascar (Poaceae, Saccharinae: Lasiorhachis) are close relatives of sorghum
Crop wild relatives are important but often poorly known. This is the case for subtribe Saccharinae (Poaceae: Andropogoneae), which includes sugarcane (Saccharum) and sorghum (Sorghum). We present a phylogenetic and taxonomic account of the Malagasy endemic genus Lasiorhachis, previously included in Saccharum. New plastome and nuclear sequences were assembled from...Vorontsova, Maria S. ; Besnard, Guillaume ; Razanatsoa, Jacqueline ; Hackel, Jan
Plant Science and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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Journal article
A framework for predicting soft-fruit yields and phenology using embedded, networked microsensors, coupled weather models and machine-learning techniques
Improving the accuracy of harvest timing predictions offers an opportunity to sustainably improve soft fruit farming. Fruits are perishable, high-value and seasonal, and prices are typically time-sensitive. Harvesting is labour-intensive and increasingly expensive making accurate phenological predictions valuable for growers. We have developed and tested a novel framework for linking...Lee, Mark A. ; Monteiro, Angelo ; Barclay, Andrew ; Marcar, Jon ; Miteva-Neagu, Mirena …
fruiting, sensors, climate, picking, strawberries, and machine learning
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Journal article
Ent-abietane and ent-pimarane diterpenoids from Croton mubango (Euphorbiaceae)
Twelve ent-abietane and two ent-pimarane diterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of Croton mubango Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) collected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2β-Hydroxy-ent-abieta-7,13-dien-3-one, 15-hydroxy-ent-abieta-7,13-dien-3-one, 13α,15-dihydroxy-ent-abieta-8(14)-en-3-one, 2β,9,13-trihydroxy-ent-abieta-7-en-3-one, 2β,7β-dihydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-3-one, 15-hydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-3-one and ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-3-one and the ent-forms of the previously reported normal series diterpenoids, ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-3-one, 7β-hydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-trien-3-one, 3α-hydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-triene, 15-hydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-triene and 6β-hydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-triene are... -
Journal article
Hunting the Snark: the flawed search for mythical Jurassic angiosperms
Several recent palaeobotanical studies claim to have found and described pre-Cretaceous angiosperm macrofossils. With rare exceptions, these papers fail to define a flower, do not acknowledge that fossils require character-based rather than group-based classification, do not explicitly state which morphological features would unambiguously identify a fossil as angiospermous, ignore the...Bateman, Richard M
fossil, crown group, molecular phylogeny, Anatomical preservation, morphology, compression-impression, stem group, Jurassic, palaeobotany, angiosperm, flower, and anthophyte
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Journal article
Repeated long-distance dispersal and convergent evolution in hazel
Closely related species with a worldwide distribution provide an opportunity to understand evolutionary and biogeographic processes at a global scale. Hazel (Corylus) is an economically important genus of tree and shrub species found in temperate regions of Asia, North America and Europe. Here we use multiple nuclear and chloroplast loci...Helmstetter, Andrew J. ; Buggs, Richard J. A. ; Lucas, Stuart J.
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Journal article
Stenostephanus (Acanthaceae) in Peru
An account of the hill forest genus Stenostephanus Nees in Peru is presented. The salient characteristics and distribution of the genus are outlined to provide a wider context for the Peruvian species. Five new species, S. antiquorum J.R.I.Wood, S. atrocalyx J.R.I.Wood, S. cuscoensis J.R.I.Wood, S. densiflorus J.R.I.Wood and S. wasshausenii...Wood, John R. I.
Ecuador, taxonomy, Bolivia, Brazil, and new species
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Journal article
A synopsis of Stenostephanus Nees (Acanthaceae) in Bolivia
12 species of Stenostephanus Nees occur in Bolivia, two of which, S. madidiensis J.R.I.Wood and S. sehuencasii J.R.I.Wood are described as new. Ten species are endemic to the country with all growing on the humid eastern slopes of the Andes. The distribution of all Bolivian species is described and mapped...Wood, John R. I.
species key, endemism, taxonomy, new species, distribution patterns, and Andes
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Journal article
Rainfall, not soil temperature, will limit the seed germination of dry forest species with climate change
Drylands are predicted to become more arid and saline due to increasing global temperature and drought. Although species from the Caatinga, a Brazilian tropical dry forest, are tolerant to these conditions, the capacity for germination to withstand extreme soil temperature and water deficit associated with climate change remains to be... -
Journal article
Myxospermous seed-mucilage quantity correlates with environmental gradients indicative of water-deficit stress: Plantago species as a model
Myxospermous seed mucilage is multifunctional and is often found in seeds (or achenes) of species occupying arid environments where the trait may influence seed-dispersal and -germination of seeds. The seed mucilage may also enhance soil-water retention, −hydraulic conductivity and -stability. However, the relationship between seed mucilage quantity, seed germination and...Teixeira, António ; Iannetta, Pietro ; Binnie, Kirsty ; Valentine, Tracy A. ; Toorop, Peter
seed, myxospermy, water-deficit, Plantago, and soil
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Journal article
Seed longevity differs in Astronium fraxinifolium Schott from two geographic regions in Brazil
The objective of this work was to evaluate the longevity of Astronium fraxinifolium Schott seeds collected in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais in Brazil and analyse its association with local weather conditions during the vegetative and reproductive phases (temperature, precipitation and altitude) and seed oil content. Longevity was...Pereira Neto, Leonel G. ; Sartori, Maria M.P. ; Toorop, Peter E. ; da Silva, Edvaldo. A.A.
seed storage, temperature, ex situ conservation, and rainfall
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Journal article
TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community... -
Journal article
Cortinarius section Thaumasti in South American Nothofagaceae forests
We studied the South American species of Cortinarius section Thaumasti based on morphological and molecular data. Members of this group can easily be identified in the field because the basidiomata are small and Phlegmacium-like with a bulbous stipe and the universal veil in most species forms a distinct volva at... -
Journal article
Tackling Rapid Radiations With Targeted Sequencing
In phylogenetic studies across angiosperms, at various taxonomic levels, polytomies have persisted despite efforts to resolve them by increasing sampling of taxa and loci. The large amount of genomic data now available and statistical tools to analyze them provide unprecedented power for phylogenetic inference. Targeted sequencing has emerged as a... -
Journal article
Extinction risk and conservation gaps for Aloe (Asphodelaceae) in the Horn of Africa
Identification of conservation priorities is essential for conservation planning, especially as the biodiversity crisis develops. We aimed to support conservation prioritisation by addressing knowledge gaps for the genus Aloe in the Horn of Africa. Specifically, we developed a dataset of herbarium voucher specimens and occurrence data to estimate geographic distribution...Bachman, Steven P. ; Wilkin, Paul ; Reader, Tom ; Field, Richard ; Weber, Odile …
Red List, threats, IUCN, and protected areas
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Journal article
A taxonomic revision of the myrmecophilous species of the rattan genus Korthalsia (Arecaceae)
The rattan genus Korthalsia Blume (Arecaceae: Calamoideae: Calameae) is widespread in the Malesian region. Among the 28 accepted species are 10 species that form intimate associations with ants. The ants inhabit the conspicuous ocreas that are produced by these species, using them as domatia to care for their young and...Shahimi, Salwa ; Conejero, Maria ; Prychid, Christina J. ; Rudall, Paula J. ; Hawkins, Julie A. …
taxonomy, Calamoideae, myrmecophily, ocrea, morphology, ant-plant mutualism, Malesia, and domatia
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Journal article
Astringent drugs for bleedings and diarrhoea: The history of Cynomorium coccineum (Maltese Mushroom)
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The botanical identity of the ancient vernacular cynomorium does not correspond to the modern scientific genus while it is not clear how many species of hipocistis (Cytinus sp.) were differentiated by the ancient physicians and whether Cynomorium coccineum was subsumed. The early history of therapeutic uses related to...Leonti, Marco ; Bellot, Sidonie ; Zucca, Paolo ; Rescigno, Antonio
tannins, haemorrhage, dysentery, Cytinus, history of materia medica, and gallic acid
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Journal article
A monograph of Caprifoliaceae: Linnaeeae
Tribe Linnaeeae is a diverse group disjunctly distributed in the northern hemisphere between China and Japan and Mexico. The tribe consists of shrubs with showy flowers that are important in the horticultural industry. We present a detailed monograph of tribe Linnaeeae that includes descriptions, identification keys, botanical plates with line...Landrein, Sven ; Farjon, Aljos
nomenclature, morphometric analysis, horticulture, distribution maps, evolution, identification keys, and conservation
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Journal article
A revision of the African genus Mesanthemum (Eriocaulaceae)
Mesanthemum is a genus comprising 16 species in the family Eriocaulaceae and is native to Africa and Madagascar. Eriocaulaceae are characterised by a basal tuft or rosette of narrow leaves and small flowers in heads. Mesanthemum can be recognised by diplostemonous flowers and fused glandular pistillate petals. While most Mesanthemum...Liang, Yuxi ; Phillips, Sylvia M. ; Cheek, Martin ; Larridon, Isabel
Africa, molecular phylogenetics, Madagascar, lectotypifications, new species, SEM seed images, and taxonomy
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Journal article
Brain expansion in early hominins predicts carnivore extinctions in East Africa
While the anthropogenic impact on ecosystems today is evident, it remains unclear if the detrimental effect of hominins on co‐occurring biodiversity is a recent phenomenon or has also been the pattern for earlier hominin species. We test this using the East African carnivore fossil record. We analyse the diversity of...Faurby, Søren ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Werdelin, Lars ; Antonelli, Alexandre
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Journal article
Diplycosia papuana (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae: Gaultherieae): a new endemic species from central New Guinea
Diplycosia papuana (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae: Gaultherieae), a new endemic species from central New Guinea, is described and illustrated here. Notes on the distribution, ecology and conservation status of the new species, as well as a consideration of closely related species, are provided.Mustaqim, Wendy A. ; Utteridge, Timothy M. A. ; Heatubun, Charlie D.
taxonomy, Papua, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, and Malesia
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Journal article
Earth BioGenome Project: Sequencing life for the future of life
Increasing our understanding of Earth’s biodiversity and responsibly stewarding its resources are among the most crucial scientific and social challenges of the new millennium. These challenges require fundamental new knowledge of the organization, evolution, functions, and interactions among millions of the planet’s organisms. Herein, we present a perspective on the...Lewin, Harris A. ; Robinson, Gene E. ; Kress, W. John ; Baker, William J. ; Coddington, Jonathan …
genome sequencing, data science, biodiversity, genomics, and access and benefit sharing
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Journal article
A Universal Probe Set for Targeted Sequencing of 353 Nuclear Genes from Any Flowering Plant Designed Using k-Medoids Clustering
Sequencing of target-enriched libraries is an efficient and cost-effective method for obtaining DNA sequence data from hundreds of nuclear loci for phylogeny reconstruction. Much of the cost of developing targeted sequencing approaches is associated with the generation of preliminary data needed for the identification of orthologous loci for probe design.... -
Journal article
A roadmap for global synthesis of the plant tree of life
Providing science and society with an integrated, up‐to‐date, high quality, open, reproducible and sustainable plant tree of life would be a huge service that is now coming within reach. However, synthesizing the growing body of DNA sequence data in the public domain and disseminating the trees to a diverse audience... -
Journal article
Taxonomic Synopsis of the genus Chamaecrista (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás, Brazil
Chamaecrista is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae subfamily Caesalpinioideae and comprises 330 species, of these, 222 species are present in the Phytogeographic Cerrado Domain in Brazil. The taxonomy of the genus in Brazil continues to need study. Here we present a taxonomic synopsis of Chamaecrista for the Chapada...de Souza, Alessandro Oliveira ; Lewis, Gwilym P. ; da Silva, Marcos José
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Journal article
Enset‐based agricultural systems in Ethiopia: A systematic review of production trends, agronomy, processing and the wider food security applications of a neglected banana relative
Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is the major starch staple of the Ethiopian Highlands, where its unique attributes enhance the food security of approximately 20 million people and have earned it the title “The Tree Against Hunger”. Yet enset‐based agriculture is virtually unknown outside of its narrow zone of cultivation,... -
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Journal article
Phylogenomics and biogeography of the world's thrushes (Aves, Turdus): new evidence for a more parsimonious evolutionary history
To elucidate the relationships and spatial range evolution across the world of the bird genus Turdus (Aves), we produced a large genomic dataset comprising ca 2 million nucleotides for ca 100 samples representing 53 species, including over 2000 loci. We estimated time-calibrated maximum-likelihood and multispecies coalescent phylogenies and carried out...Batista, Romina ; Olsson, Urban ; Andermann, Tobias ; Aleixo, Alexandre ; Ribas, Camila Cherem …
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Journal article
New island record and conservation status of Puerto Rican Bank endemic plant species, Ruehssia woodburyana (Acev.-Rodr.) Goyder, comb. nov., formally transferred from Marsdenia
Thought to be endemic to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Ruehssia woodburyana (Apocynaceae) was recently discovered at a single location on Norman Island in the British Virgin Islands. Despite an increase in the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy, this species meta-population is very limited with a total of...Bárrios, Sara ; Sustache, José ; Goyder, David ; Hamilton, Martin
nomenclature, conservation, endemism, Apocynaceae, red list, new combination, and Caribbean flora
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Journal article
Rapid Least Concern: towards automating Red List assessments
The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM (hereafter the Red List) is an important global resource for conservation that supports conservation planning, safeguarding critical habitat and monitoring biodiversity change (Rodrigues et al. 2006). However, a major shortcoming of the Red List is that most of the world's described species have...Bachman, Steven ; Walker, Barnaby ; Barrios, Sara ; Copeland, Alison ; Moat, Justin
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Journal article
Three new species and some nomenclatural changes in Senecio (Compositae/Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in the Flora Zambesiaca area
Three new Senecio species are described, S. fanshawei from Zambia, S. ngandae from Malawi and S. nyangani from Zimbabwe. A new combination is made under S. brachypodus and a taxon is added to the synonymy of this species; single taxa are added for the first time to the synonymy of...Beentje, Henk
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Journal article
Characterization of sequence variability hotspots in Cranichideae plastomes (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae)
This study reports complete plastome sequences for six species of Neotropical Cranichideae and focuses on identification of the most variable regions (hotspots) in this group of orchids. These structure of these six plastomes is relatively conserved, exhibiting lengths ranging between 142,599 to 154,562 bp with 36.7% GC on average and...Smidt, Eric de Camargo ; Páez, Michelle Zavala ; Vieira, Leila do Nascimento ; Viruel, Juan ; de Baura, Valter Antônio …
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Journal article
The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well... -
Journal article
A taxonomic monograph of Ipomoea integrated across phylogenetic scales
Taxonomic monographs have the potential to make a unique contribution to the understanding of global biodiversity. However, such studies, now rare, are often considered too daunting to undertake within a realistic time frame, especially as the world’s collections have doubled in size in recent times. Here, we report a global-scale...Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo ; Carruthers, Tom ; Wood, John R. I. ; Williams, Bethany R. M. ; Weitemier, Kevin …
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Journal article
Lepiniopsis ternatensis sap stimulates fibroblast proliferation and down regulates macrophage TNF-α secretion
The sap of the tree Lepiniopsis ternatensis is used as a topical treatment for cutaneous leg ulcers in Papua New Guinea. This study, which is the first investigation of this medicinal plant, examines the effect of the sap on wound healing biology using human-derived primary cell lines. NMR spectra from...Moses, Rachael L. ; Dally, Jordanna ; Lundy, Fionnuala T. ; Langat, Moses K. ; Kiapranis, Robert …
fibroblast, Lepiniopsis ternatensis, trifucol, TNF-α, Papua New Guinea, and wound healing
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Journal article
High-quality genome sequence of white lupin provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an annual crop cultivated for its protein-rich seeds. It is adapted to poor soils due to the production of cluster roots, which are made of dozens of determinate lateral roots that drastically improve soil exploration and nutrient acquisition (mostly phosphate). Using long-read sequencing technologies,...Hufnagel, Bárbara ; Marques, André ; Soriano, Alexandre ; Marquès, Laurence ; Divol, Fanchon …
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Journal article
Iterative allogamy–autogamy transitions drive actual and incipient speciation during the ongoing evolutionary radiation within the orchid genus Epipactis (Orchidaceae)
Abstract Background and Aims The terrestrial orchid genus Epipactis has become a model system for the study of speciation via transitions from allogamy to autogamy, but close phylogenetic relationships have proven difficult to resolve through Sanger sequencing. Methods We analysed with restriction site-associated sequencing (RAD-seq) 108 plants representing 29 named...Sramkó, Gábor ; Paun, Ovidiu ; Brandrud, Marie K ; Laczkó, Levente ; Molnár, Attila …