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Journal article
A new species of Condea (Lamiaceae: Ocimeae: Hyptidinae) and a new combination, from the Americas
A brief historical account of the genus Condea (Lamiaceae) is followed by a note on a new species from Brazil and a new combination in Condea from Mexico. For C. petrensis, a detail of its discovery in the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro, a description, diagnosis and illustration are provided....Harley, R
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Journal article
A new species of Oocephalus (Lamiaceae) from Goiás, Brazil
A new species, Oocephalus pubescens A.Soares & Harley, from Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The characteristics that distinguish it from a similar taxon, Oocephalus foliosus, are listed, and comments on its distribution and an occurrence map are provided. © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh...Soares, A ; Harley, R ; Pastore, J ; Jardim, J
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Journal article
A phylogeographic study of the stoneplant Conophytum (Aizoaceae; Ruschioideae; Ruschieae) in the Bushmanland Inselberg Region (South Africa) suggests anemochory
The Bushmanland Inselberg Region (BIR) of South Africa provides an ideal system to study population interactions, as these inselbergs function as islands of Succulent Karoo surrounded by Nama Karoo vegetation. The population genetics of four Conophytum taxa endemic to the quartz-associated habitats of inselbergs in the BIR were investigated using...Powell, Robyn ; Magee, Anthony ; Forest, Felix ; Cowan, Robyn ; Boatwright, Stephen
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Journal article
A review of issues of nomenclature and taxonomy of Hypericum perforatum L. and Kew's Medicinal Plant Names Services
Objectives To review which names are used to refer to Hypericum perforatum L. in health regulation and medicinal plant references, and the potential for ambiguity or imprecision. Key findings Structured searches of Kew's Medicinal Plant Names Services Resource, supplemented with other online bibliographic resources, found that the scientific name Hypericum...Dauncey, Elizabeth ; Irving, Jason ; Allkin, Robert
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Journal article
A taxonomic revision of Acanthaceae tribe Barlerieae in Angola and Namibia. Part 1
In the first part of a taxonomic revision of the tribe Barlerieae (Acanthaceae) in Angola and Namibia, two of the four major clades of the genus Barleria L. are studied in detail, namely subg. Barleria and subg. Prionitis sect. Prionitis. Using standard morphology-based taxonomic methods, a total of 32 species...Darbyshire, Iain ; Tripp, Erin ; Chase, Frances
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Journal article
A taxonomic study of Scleria subgenus Hypoporum: synonymy, typification and a new identification key
For Scleria subgen. Hypoporum , 214 species and infraspecific names were published since the first publication of the name Scleria. These names represent 76 accepted taxa, representing 72 species of Scleria subgen. Hypoporum . Herbarium material of all recognised species was studied, including the type material if available. Synonymy and...Bauters, K ; Larridon, Isabel ; Goetghebeur, P
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Journal article
Adapting legume crops to climate change using genomic approaches
Our agricultural system and hence food security is threatened by combination of events, such as increasing population, the impacts of climate change, and the need to a more sustainable development. Evolutionary adaptation may help some species to overcome environmental changes through new selection pressures driven by climate change. However, success...Mousavi‐Derazmahalleh, Mahsa ; Bayer, Philipp ; Hane, James ; Valliyodan, Babu ; Nguyen, Henry …
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Journal article
Acaricidal activity of cashew nut shell liquid associated with essential oils from Cordia verbenacea and Psidium guajava on Rhipicephalus microplus
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), Cordia verbenacea and Psidium guajava, both alone and in association against Rhipicephalus microplus. Larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted in concentrations ranging from 3.1 at 100.0mg mL−1. CNSL was effective against engorged females (99.6%) at 100.0mg mL−1 and against larvae (99.2 %)...de Carvahlo Castro, K ; Costa-Júnior, L ; Lima, D ; Canuto, K ; Sousa De Brito, E …
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Journal article
An allometry between seed kernel and seed coat shows greater investment in physical defense in small seeds
Premise of the Study Numerous studies have treated the mass of a whole seed as an integrated unit, although the components seed kernel and seed coat play different roles and are subject to different evolutionary selection pressures. In this study, we provided the first global-scale quantification of the relative biomass...Wu, La-Mei ; Chen, Si-Chong ; Wang, Bo
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Journal article
Adaptive significance of functional germination traits in crop wild relatives of Brassica
Functional germination traits contribute to both niche competitiveness and crop yield outcomes. However, there is little understanding of the adaptive significance of the germination thermal- and hydro-parameters in crop wild relatives (CWRs), yet these species are anticipated to be the source of adaptive traits for future agriculture. Seeds of 10...Castillo-Lorenzo, E ; Finch-Savage, WE ; Seal, C ; Pritchard, Hugh
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Journal article
Ancient polyploidy and genome evolution in palms
Mechanisms of genome evolution are fundamental to our understanding of adaptation and the generation and maintenance of biodiversity, yet genome dynamics are still poorly characterized in many clades. Strong correlations between variation in genomic attributes and species diversity across the plant tree of life suggest that polyploidy or other mechanisms...Barrett, Craig ; McKain, Michael ; Sinn, Brandon ; Ge, Xue-Jun ; Zhang, Yuqu …
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Journal article
Advanced understanding of phylogenetic relationships, morphological evolution and biogeographic history of the mega-diverse plant genus Myrcia and its relatives (Myrtaceae: Myrteae)
Myrcia is the largest exclusively Neotropical genus of the plant family Myrtaceae with c. 770 species. Although several studies have elucidated the relationships within particular sections of the genus, to date no phylogeny has been produced that includes a broad taxonomic and geographic representation. Here we present a phylogenetic hypothesis...Amorim, Bruno ; Vasconcelos, Thais ; Souza, Gustavo ; Alves, Marccus ; Antonelli, Alexandre …
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Journal article
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition impacts on the structure and function of forest mycorrhizal communities: A review
Humans have dramatically increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition globally. At the coarsest resolution, N deposition is correlated with shifts from ectomycorrhizal (EcM) to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree dominance. At finer resolution, ectomycorrhizal fungal (EcMF) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities respond strongly to long-term N deposition with the disappearance of...Lilleskov, Erik ; Kuyper, Thomas ; Bidartondo, Martin ; Hobbie, Erik
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Journal article
Anthurium harleyi (Araceae) — a new rupicolous species of section Urospadix from the northern Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Anthurium harleyi T.A.Pontes & Mayo, a new rupicolous species of Anthurium sect. Urospadix, is described from the rupestrian grassland (campo rupestre) vegetation of the northern region of the Chapada Diamantina, in central Bahia state, Brazil. The new species is endemic to this region, but closely related to A. erskinei Mayo...Pontes, T ; de Andrade, I ; Richards, R ; Haigh, A ; van den Berg, C …
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Journal article
Biodiversity seen through the perspective of insects: 10 simple rules on methodological choices and experimental design for genomic studies
Massively parallel DNA sequencing opens up opportunities for bridging multiple temporal and spatial dimensions in biodiversity research, thanks to its efficiency to recover millions of nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, we identify the current status, discuss the main challenges, and look into future perspectives on biodiversity genomics focusing on insects, which arguably...Matos-Maraví, Pável ; Duarte Ritter, Camila ; Barnes, Christopher ; Nielsen, Martin ; Olsson, Urban …
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Book
Biocultural Collections and Participatory Methods: Old, Current, and Future Knowledge.
Biocultural collections document human–nature interactions through plant and animal-based artifacts, raw materials, herbarium voucher collections, and varied forms of documentation. They form a valuable resource for biocultural conservation, preserving and enhancing traditional knowledge, livelihoods, and the environment. They should be used through participatory methods that allow institutional researchers and local...da Fonseca-Kruel, V ; Martins, L ; Cabalzar, A ; Leonor López-Garcés, C ; Coelho-Ferreira, M …
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Journal article
Belowground Biodiversity Relates Positively to Ecosystem Services of European Forests
Biodiversity of ecosystems is an important driver for the supply of ecosystem services to people. Soils often have a larger biodiversity per unit surface area than what can be observed aboveground. Here, we present what is to our knowledge, the most extensive literature-based key-word assessment of the existing information about...Bakker, Mark ; Brunner, Ivano ; Ashwood, Francis ; Bjarnadottir, Brynhildur ; Bolger, Tom …
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Journal article
C4 anatomy can evolve via a single developmental change
C4 photosynthesis is a complex trait that boosts productivity in warm environments. Paradoxically, it evolved independently in numerous plant lineages, despite requiring specialised leaf anatomy. The anatomical modifications underlying C4 evolution have previously been evaluated through interspecific comparisons, which capture numerous changes besides those needed for C4 functionality. Here, we...Lundgren, Marjorie ; Dunning, Luke ; Olofsson, Jill ; Moreno-Villena, Jose ; Bouvier, Jacques …
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Journal article
Characteristics of the exine and aperture of pollen grains of Eriosema and Rhynchosia (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae – Phaseoleae)
The genera Eriosema and Rhynchosia, which comprise approximately 150 and 230 species, respectively, belong to the tribe Phaseoleae and to the subtribe Cajaninae. The pollen morphology of 49 species of Eriosema and 13 of Rhynchosia were studied using scanning electron microscopy to identify diagnostic characteristics that could aid in the...Oliveira, Ana ; De Borges, Ricardo ; Perez, Ana ; Lewis, Gwilym ; Silva, Juliana
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Journal article
Checklist to the Elatostema (Urticaceae) of Vietnam including 19 new records, ten new combinations, two new names and four new synonyms
Elatostema (Urticaceae) comprises several hundred herbaceous species distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. The greatest species richness occurs on limestone karst in Southeast Asia. Taxonomic revisions of Elatostema are largely out of date and contradict each other with respect to the delimitation of Elatostema and Pellionia....Fu, Long-Fei ; Monro, Alex ; Do, Truong ; Nuraliev, Maxim ; Averyanov, Leonid …
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Journal article
Compendium of Freziera (Pentaphylacaceae) of South America including eleven new species and the typification of 22 names
As part of a revision of neotropical Freziera (Pentaphylacaceae) we provide a compendium of the 63 species we recognise for South America including the description, illustration and extinction threat assessment of 11 new species, typification of 22 names and a new combination for Freziera rufescens (Kobuski) D. Santam. & A....Santamaría-Aguilar, Daniel ; Monro, Alexandre
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Journal article
Chemistry of floral rewards: intra- and interspecific variability of nectar and pollen secondary metabolites across taxa
Floral chemistry mediates plant interactions with pollinators, pathogens, and herbivores, with major consequences for fitness of both plants and flower visitors. The outcome of such interactions often depends on compound dose and chemical context. However, chemical diversity and intraspecific variation of nectar and pollen secondary chemistry are known for very... -
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Journal article
Coenocytic growth phases in land plant development: a paleo-evo-devo perspective
Premise of research.?The evolutionary origin of the seed habit coincided with profound physiological and structural changes associated with underlying developmental patterns. A coenocyte is formed during megagametophyte development in many vascular plants, including some lycophytes and all spermatophytes; this structure compares closely with similar free-nuclear growth phases during embryo development...Rudall, Paula ; Bateman, Richard
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Journal article
Contributions to the knowledge of Cambodian Cyperaceae
To date, there are very few sequence data for Cyperaceae from mainland Southeast Asia. The aim of the present study was to contribute nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of selected species of Cambodian Cyperaceae to the overall phylogeny of the family. We generated ITS sequences of 38 accessions...Tremetsberger, K ; Hameister, S ; Simpson, D ; Bernhardt, K
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Journal article
Crosslandia setifolia is a partly monoecious species of Fimbristylis (Abildgaardieae: Cyperaceae)
While the limits of Fimbristylis Vahl (1805: 285) are contentious (Goetghebeur & Coudijzer 1984, Gordon-Gray 1971, Lye 1971, 1973), particularly with regard to the inclusion of Abildgaardia Vahl (1805: 296) within Fimbristylis , all current data support the derivation of Crosslandia W.Fitzg. (1906: 9) from within Fimbristylis (Ghamkhar et al....Roalson, Eric ; Barrett, Russell ; Wilson, Karen ; Bruhl, Jeremy ; Larridon, Isabel
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Journal article
Conservation of the threatened species Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill. (pasqueflower) is aided by reproductive system and polyploidy
Population loss due to habitat disturbance is a major concern in biodiversity conservation. Here we investigate the genetic causes of the demographic decline observed in English populations of P ulsatilla vulgaris and the consequences for conservation. Using ten nuclear microsatellite markers, we compare genetic variation in wild populations with restored... -
Journal article
Detection of seasonal variation in Aloe polysaccharides using carbohydrate detecting microarrays
Aloe vera gel is a globally popular natural product used for the treatment of skin conditions. Its useful properties are attributed to the presence of bioactive polysaccharides. Nearly 25% of the 600 species in the genus Aloe are used locally in traditional medicine, indicating that the bioactive components in Aloe...Ahl, Louise ; Al-Husseini, Narjes ; Al-Helle, Sara ; Staerk, Dan ; Grace, Olwen …
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Conference paper (published)
Cryobiotechnology for the long-term preservation of oak (Quercus sp.) genetic resources.
Oaks (genus Quercus) are dominant and iconic trees in most European, American, Asian and North African forests, from cool temperate to tropical environments. There are at least 600 species of Quercus globally with high ecological and economical importance. However, 45% of the species evaluated by IUCN are considered threatened, being...Ballesteros, D. ; Nebot, A. ; Pritchard, H.
Quercus, Cryopreservation, Axes, Genetic resources, Pollen, Seeds, In vitro culture, and Embryos
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Journal article
Convergent origin of the narrowly lanceolate leaf in the genus Aster-with special reference to an unexpected discovery of a new Aster species from East China
Narrowly lanceolate leaves occur frequently in the genus Aster. It was often employed as a distinguishing character in the taxonomy of this genus. The origin of this particular leaf shape, however, has never been investigated using comparative methods. In this study, we reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny that includes most species...Zhang, G ; Hu, H ; Gao, T ; Gilbert, M ; Jin, X
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Journal article
Digest: Linking coordinated shifts in plant resource allocation to a chromosomal inversion
Local adaptation in plants often requires coordinated shifts among resources. Lowry et al. provide evidence for physiological and genomic mechanisms underpinning adaptive shifts in yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus), such as the transition between annual and perennial life histories. In M. guttatus, differential activity of gibberellins, governed partially by a chromosomal inversion,...Dodsworth, S ; Pérez-Escobar, O
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Journal article
Cryptic species in an ancient flowering-plant lineage (Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeales) revealed by molecular and micromorphological data
The flora of the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot is rich in endemic species, many of which remain to be discovered or properly described; estimates of species diversity and levels of endemism should take into account the possible occurrence of cryptic species. Here we explore taxonomic diversity in a Western Australian...Sokoloff, Dmitry ; Marques, Isabel ; Macfarlane, Terry ; Remizowa, Margarita ; Lam, Vivienne …
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Journal article
Diversity and conservation priorities of crop wild relatives in Mexico
Crop wild relatives (CWR) are valuable resources for crop breeding due to their close genetic relationship to the cultivated plants and their wide genetic variation, allowing the introgression of desirable traits into the crops, such as resistance to plant pests and diseases or adaptability to climate change. Mexico is a...Contreras-Toledo, Aremi ; Cortés-Cruz, Moisés ; Costich, Denise ; Rico-Arce, María de Lourdes ; Magos Brehm, Joana …
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Journal article
Do tropical plants have smaller genomes? Correlation between genome size and climatic variables in the Caesalpinia Group (Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae)
While a number of studies have suggested that temperate plants typically have larger genome sizes (GS) than tropical ones, recent analyses have not convincingly confirmed this. We have selected the widely distributed Caesalpinia Group (Leguminosae) to test this hypothesis. We used flow cytometry to estimate the amount of DNA in...Souza, Gustavo ; Costa, Lucas ; Guignard, Maïté ; Van-Lume, Brena ; Pellicer, Jaume …
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Journal article
Do tree cavity density and characteristics vary across topographical habitats in the tropics? A case study from Xishuangbanna, southwest China
Despite the influence of cavities on the survival and distribution of cavity-dependent fauna, the variation in the density and characteristics of tree cavities across different habitat types in tropical forests is unknown. In this study, we surveyed 26 312 living trees from 376 species and compared cavity density and characteristics (height,...Liu, Junyan ; Tang, Junfeng ; Chen, Si-Chong ; Ma, Wenbao ; Zheng, Zheng …
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Journal article
Early consequences of allopolyploidy alter floral evolution in Nicotiana (Solanaceae)
Background: Polyploidy has played a major role in angiosperm evolution. Previous studies have examined polyploid phenotypes in comparison to their extant progenitors, but not in context of predicted progenitor phenotypes at allopolyploid origin. In addition, differences in the trends of polyploid versus diploid evolution have not been investigated. We use...McCarthy, E ; Landis, J ; Kurti, A ; Lawhorn, A ; Chase, M …
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Journal article
Embolism resistance in petioles and leaflets of palms
Hydraulic studies are currently biased towards conifers and dicotyledonous angiosperms; responses of arborescent monocots to increasing temperature and drought remain poorly known. This study aims to assess xylem resistance to drought-induced embolism in palms.We quantified embolism resistance via P50 (xylem pressure inducing 50% of embolism or loss of hydraulic conductivity)...Emilio, Thaise ; Lamarque, Laurent ; Torres-Ruiz, José ; King, Andrew ; Charrier, Guillaume …
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Journal article
Dynamics of intracellular mannan and cell wall folding in the drought responses of succulent Aloe species
Plants have evolved a multitude of adaptations to survive extreme conditions. Succulent plants have the capacity to tolerate periodically dry environments, due to their ability to retain water in a specialized tissue, termed hydrenchyma. Cell wall polysaccharides are important components of water storage in hydrenchyma cells. However, the role of...Ahl, Louise ; Mravec, Jozef ; Jørgensen, Bodil ; Rudall, Paula ; Rønsted, Nina …
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Journal article
Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple.
Enset (Ensete ventricosum, Musaceae) is an African crop that currently provides the staple food for approx. 20 million Ethiopians. Whilst wild enset grows over much of East and Southern Africa and the genus extends across Asia to China, it has only ever been domesticated in the Ethiopian Highlands. Here, smallholder... -
Journal article
Environmental stress, future climate, and germination of myracrodruon urundeuva seeds
Myracrodruon urundeuva, a native species from the Brazilian Caatinga, is widely distributed across its endemic region, where it also plays an essential socioeconomic role. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental stress on the germination of M. urundeuva seeds harvested in different years (2010 to...De, Oliveira ; Santos da Silva, F ; Nascimento, Araujo ; Campos Da Costa, D ; Vieira Gomes, S …
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Book
Enhancing Food Security Through Seed Banking and Use of Wild Plants: Case Studies From the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
We show how food security can be enhanced through seed banking and use of wild plants by showcasing three science-based plant conservation and seed research projects from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew on underutilized useful plants and crop wild relatives.Ulian, Tiziana ; Pritchard, Hugh W. ; Cockel, Christopher P. ; Mattana, Efisio
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Journal article
Enhancement of conservation knowledge through increased access to botanical information
Herbarium specimens are increasingly recognized as an important resource for conservation science and virtual herbaria are making specimens freely available to a wider range of users than ever before. Few virtual herbaria are designed with conservation use as a primary driver. Exceptionally, Brazil's Reflora Virtual Herbarium (RVH) was created to...Canteiro, Cátia ; Barcelos, Laísa ; Filardi, Fabiana ; Forzza, Rafaela ; Green, Laura …
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Journal article
Epidermal patterning and stomatal development in Gnetales
The gymnosperm order Gnetales, which has contentious phylogenetic affinities, includes three extant genera (Ephedra, Gnetum, Welwitschia) that are morphologically highly divergent and have contrasting ecological preferences: Gnetum occupies mesic tropical habitats, whereas Ephedra and Welwitschia occur in arid environments. Leaves are highly reduced in Ephedra, petiolate with a broad lamina...Rudall, Paula ; Rice, Callie
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Journal article
Ethnobotany of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae) in Tanzania
The genus Aloe (Asphodelaceae) is well known in Tanzania for its medicinal uses, yet its ethnobotany has not previously been systematically studied in the region. To document the indigenous knowledge of Aloe species, data were collected using semi-structured interviews from 180 respondents of different gender and age groups at four...Amir, H ; Grace, O ; Wabuyele, E ; Manoko, M
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Journal article
Exploring At Second-Hand: Separating the Editor from the Traveller in Soeteboom’s Version of Van West-Zanen’s Sojourn in Mauritius in 1602
Willem van West-Zanen’s account of visiting Mauritius with Hans Schuurmans’s fleet of five ships on their return journey from Java to Amsterdam in 1602, is translated in full for the first time. Numerous Dodos were caught and eaten by the crews, as was much other wildlife.Cheke, Anthony ; Beentje, Henk
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Journal article
Evolutionary history of the Pasque-flowers (Pulsatilla, Ranunculaceae): Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and rDNA evolution
Pulsatilla (Anemoneae, Ranunculaceae) is sister to Anemone s.s. and contains ca 40 perennial species of considerable horticultural and medical importance. We sequenced 31 of those species, plus nine subspecies, two cultivars and six outgroups, for two nuclear regions (high-copy nrITS and low-copy MLH1) and three plastid regions (rbcL, accD–psaI, trnL...Sramkó, G ; Laczkó, L ; Volkova, P ; Bateman, R ; Mlinarec, J
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Journal article
Farmers’ decisions and determinants of crop rotations with lupin (Lupinus spp): The case of West Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Using lupin as a break crop and for soil fertility improvement is one of the practices to enhance productivity and improve soil fertility in Ethiopian conditions. However, the use of this practice by smallholder farmers is limited. Therefore, the major objective of this study was to empirically examine factors influencing...Teferra, B ; Yeheyis, L ; Nelson, M ; Taylor, J ; McNaughton, D …
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Journal article
Five new species of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) from Myanmar and Thailand.
Five new species of Henckelia are described, two from Myanmar: Henckelia campanuliflora and H. candida, and the others from Thailand: H. amplexifolia, H. nakianensis and H. dasycalyx. A key to the 1 to 2-leaved species of the genus is given, as well as photographs, ecology, and also IUCN conservation status...Sirimongkol, Sukontip ; Parnell, John ; Hodkinson, Trevor ; Middleton, David ; Puglisi, Carmen
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Journal article
Flora of Singapore precursors, 12. Notes on various Rubiaceae genera
In preparation for the account of the Rubiaceae for the Flora of Singapore various notes are presented concerning the genera Discospermum Dalzell, Lasianthus Jack, Mussaenda L. and Psychotria L. Nomenclatural comments on the generic synonyms Landia Comm. ex Juss. (= Mussaenda) and Uragoga Baill. (= Psychotria) are made. Lectotypes are...Turner, I